Estudo semiótico sobre a verbovisualidade em manuais de língua inglesa

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo de um método automatizado para o cálculo da profundidade de visualização dos equipamentos de ultrassonografia

Ultrasound is the term that describes the sound waves with higher frequencies than human hearing. Ultrasound used in medical diagnosis is a modality based on the use of sound energy and the acoustic properties of the various parts of the body to produce images of stationary and moving tissues. However, despite the ease of use and security that this modality offers for not using ionizing radiation, one should ensure the accuracy and optimum performance of the equipment, which results in precise diagnoses. To accomplish that, periodic quality control tests must be performed, which include: physical and mechanical inspection of the equipment, image uniformity, depth of penetration/visualization, accuracy of distances, axial and lateral resolution, dead zone and doppler sensitivity. This work intends to study a computerized method for calculating the depth of penetration of ultrasound, comparing it to the observerdependent method currently used. The images were collected during the quality control tests of ultrasound equipment. The results of the comparison between the visual and computerized methods were not conclusive for selecting the safest methodology for obtaining the depth of visualization

Estudo e modelagem 3D de um cabeçote para um motor monocilíndrico, 400cc, 4 T

The cylinder head contains the combustion chamber for the air-fuel mixture and the intake and exhaust valves, the valve guide and the valve seat. The cylinder head also is a support for the camshaft and valve rocker. The holes where the spark plugs are connected are designed to fit the better place in the combustion chamber. The cylinder heads often are manufactured using materials such as aluminum and cast iron. The cooling fins located in the outside of the cylinder head are designed for a good heat transfer and therefore their dimensions and positioning are important. This work aims the calculation for a cylinder head to be installed in a 400 cc displacement, gasoline powered, four stroke, single cylinder engine. According to the displacement it will be analyzed the combustion chamber, the intake and exhaust valves, as well as the camshaft and rocker arms. This also a work to help to accomplish the design of a single cylinder engine, where the alternatives parts, cylinder block and crankcase are all already machined and assembled in this campus

Ótica e a visão humana

Optics consists in the study of interaction of light with physical systems. The human vision is a product of the interaction of light with the eye (a very peculiar physical system). Here we present a basic study of the relationship between the optics and human vision, including: - The fundaments and physicals properties who characterize the light and the colors and the characteristics of the incidence mediums. - The basics laws of geometrical optics, based in the rectilinear propagation of light in the form of a light ray, in the independence of light rays and in the principle of reversibility of the light beams. This principle is present in the process of image formations in lenses and mirrors and applied in the study of image formation in the human eye. - The refraction and reflection laws and types of lenses, who permits the construction of optics devices for the study of physical universe, and the appliances to correct vision diseases. - Presents the human vision process as consisting in the reception of light (electromagnetic radiation in the zone of wavelength visible to us) through the eye and the sending of information obtained by the retina to the brain where it is interpreted. The vision involves a biophysical relation between the light and the biological structure of the eye who is constituted by cornea, iris, crystalline and retina. Analyzes is made of how some parts of the eye performs a function in the reception and sending of information of the images to the brain

Análise comparativa de softwares de simulação de onda de cheia e corridas de massa

This scientific research aimed at presenting a comparative analysis of softwares used to represent the processes of flood wave and debris flow. For this, a literature review was performed on these processes and on simulation models used to represent them. Then, a research on scientific database and developers’ websites was performed to identify the softwares used to simulate these processes. This step was performed based on specific criteria such as the type of simulation performed by the software, its practical applications and a user friendly interface. A free distribution and totally functional software was chosen and its simulation mechanisms were tested through a simulation exercise and the results interpreted based on data on measured in the Basin of Ribeirão Marins section Monjolinho located in Piracicaba - SP. With respect to the processes, it was sought to present the dynamics, constraints, parameters and variables used to understand them and for the simulation models were presented the conceptual aspects of mathematical modeling including the steps of the simulation process and the different types of simulation models used to represent them. In total, 20 softwares were identified, and the software object of analysis was the ABC 6 that performs simulation of flood wave. Through the simulation exercise, it was observed that were presented overestimated values of flow compared to measured data in the basin. For both hypotheses were raised about the causes of the discrepancy between the observed and simulated flow. It has been concluded that the simulation process consisted of a complex procedure where generalizations, misrepresentations and simplifications may occur due to the data used and the method adopted, but it is a useful tool in planning and decision making in various types of studies and environmental projects

Crises de fronteira e estruturas complexas no espaço de parâmetros em um mapeamento dissipativo bidimensional

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Levantamento qualitativo da avifauna do Campus de Rubião Junior, Unesp/Botucatu-SP

As aves apresentam diversas características que as tornam peças importantes tanto para a educação ambiental, quanto nas tentativas de conservação de habitats. Para isso, levantamentos da composição da avifauna são fundamentais. Assim, realizou-se o levantamento qualitativo das aves que frequentam os espaços de maior circulação de pessoas do Campus de Rubião Junior, UNESP/Botucatu-SP, entre os meses de Março e Outubro de 2009. Adotou-se o método de transectos lineares, através do qual se percorreu dois trajetos distintos, nos horários de maior atividade das aves. As observações foram feitas com o auxílio de binóculos, além de algumas espécies terem sido registradas visual e/ou sonoramente por câmera fotográfica e gravador. Para a identificação das espécies, utilizou-se basicamente guias de campo. Além da lista de espécies, foi possível também calcular as frequências de ocorrência delas. Foram detectadas 67 espécies, distribuídas em 26 famílias, sendo Tyrannidae a mais representativa (15 espécies). O percurso 1 apresentou 13 espécies exclusivas, enquanto o percurso 2, apenas 4. A maioria das espécies (36) apresentou frequência de ocorrência total inferior a 25% e apenas 12 puderam ser consideradas residentes, com frequência de ocorrência total igual ou superior a 75%. Dentre as famílias com mais de um representante, Columbidae apresentou a maior proporção de número de espécies com alta frequência de ocorrência total (> 50%). Os resultados revelaram maior riqueza de espécies na área com maior diversidade de habitats e menor fluxo de pessoas

Blog Pop com Farofa: cultura e gastronomia

Gastronomy is art. Perhaps the most popular of all, because there is always an achievement for all culinary tastes. In the search for a journalistic product that show the gastronomy not only with recipes and restaurant guides exponents, the creation of the blog - Pop With Farofa - seeks to bring to the newspaper market the gastronomy in its most popular and accessible art. The experimental design reported here seeks to relate the food editor with the culture, revealing to the public and the food is present in various cultura genres

Estudo do envolvimento da neurotransmissão colinérgica no núcleo leito da estria terminal nas respostas autônomas e neuroendócrinas desencadeadas pelo estresse por restrição agudo em ratos

Estudos têm demonstrado a ativação de neurônios no núcleo leito da estria terminal (NLET) durante situações aversivas. Além disso, foi demonstrado o envolvimento do NLET no controle das respostas cardiovasculares e neuroendócrinas durante o estresse. Evidências têm apontado que a neurotransmissão colinérgica, através de receptores muscarínicos, é um mecanismo envolvido no controle das respostas fisiológicas durante o estresse emocional em várias estruturas límbicas. No entanto, apesar de estudos indicarem o envolvimento de mecanismos colinérgicos do NLET no controle da função cardiovascular, não existem evidências na literatura acerca da participação da neurotransmissão colinérgica no NLET nas respostas fisiológicas ao estresse. Diante disso, nosso objetivo no presente estudo foi investigar o efeito do pré-tratamento bilateral do NLET com hemicolínio (inibidor do transportador de colina), metilatropina (antagonista de receptores colinérgicos muscarínicos) ou neostigmina (inibidor da enzima acetilcolinesterase) sobre as respostas autonômicas e neuroendócrinas desencadeadas pelo estresse por restrição agudo em ratos. Para tanto, seis dias antes dos experimentos os animais tiveram cânulas guias implantadas bilateralmente no NLET para administração dos fármacos. Vinte quatro horas antes dos experimentos um cateter de polietileno foi implantado na artéria femoral para registro dos parâmetros cardiovasculares. No dia do experimento, os animais foram submetidos a uma sessão aguda de 30 minutos de estresse por restrição 10 minutos após o tratamento farmacológico do NLET. Medidas de pressão arterial média (PAM), frequência cardíaca (FC), temperatura cutânea da cauda e dos níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona foram analisados antes e durante o estresse por restrição em todos os grupos experimentais. O estresse por restrição causou elevação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Filtragem de sinais de interferência em espectros dinâmicos solares através de suas componentes de Fourier

Through the data acquisition system of the instrument Brazilian Solar Spectroscope (BSS) at INPE, solar observations in the decimetric radio wave band (1000-2500 MHz) are regularly made. This data is showed as dynamic spectra using the software BSSView created for this purpose. The process of data acquisition can be influenced by various sources, dificulting the resulting dynamic spectrum analysis. The objective of this work is to create a computational routine that eliminates dynamic components of the spectrum attributed to interfering signals and integrate it into BSSView. It was done a preliminary study on the programming language Interactive Data Language (IDL), in which the BSSView was developed, and the Fourier transform, that is required for the application of the filter

WiMAX interoperabilidade mundial para acesso de microondas

This paper presents a technique dubbed WiMAX radio link, the IEEE 802.16 was completed in October 2001 and published on April 8, 2002 and is constantly updated, this technology specifies an interface for wireless metropolitan networks (WMAN) and is under control of the WiMAX Forum, which is a group of companies responsible for the dissipation of this technology in the world, the great benefit of this standard is to offer broadband Internet connection in areas where there is no infrastructure such as fiber optics that has a cost higher. The main purpose of this paper is to present the theoretical and technical characteristics of this technology for both the standard for fixed and mobile standard, regulation of frequency bands by the FCC and description of the physical layer, through to basic concepts are used in many other types of radio link and technologies have been adapted and updated for this little-known standard, allowing a greater range and speed, which are specified and differentiate these advancements is one of the contributions of the work done here. After the theoretical conceptualization stage, a real case study has been inserted in this work to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technology deployed. The idea of presenting this case study is linked to a better view of the use of standard in the market, nationwide

Estudo da tecnologia RFID e sua aplicação na gestão de estoques

Due to the need of more agility, dynamism and reliability in stock management, the market has turned its attention to RFID, which offers a practical solution and live up to the big corporations' expectations. The search for continuous improvement establishes a direct link with RFID, for its technology offers accurate real time information in any monitored given place. RFID is a radio frequency communication technology. A reader communicates to a tag through waves. This tag can be active, with a battery, or passive, in which its power is supplied by currents induced by the field variation it is exposed to. The RFID technology has a well defined basic principle, but there are many constructive ways of implementing it. The adaptability as well as the flexibility regard to the several kinds of stock in industry, reaching their particular needs. RFID can lower maintenance costs in stock by collecting data more accurately, lowering human error and optimizing the item handling at its reception, exit and while it is inside the company. This paper presents an example of RFID technology applied in a company's stock management. It is possible to prove that there are, in fact, great advantages in implementing this technology, as it creates the opportunity for continuous improvement in stock management, with better application of material, labour and quality tools, since the data collected through an automatized process using RFID are more reliable and dynamic

Reconhecimento de voz para aplicações em automação implementado em FPGA

In many movies of scientific fiction, machines were capable of speaking with humans. However mankind is still far away of getting those types of machines, like the famous character C3PO of Star Wars. During the last six decades the automatic speech recognition systems have been the target of many studies. Throughout these years many technics were developed to be used in applications of both software and hardware. There are many types of automatic speech recognition system, among which the one used in this work were the isolated word and independent of the speaker system, using Hidden Markov Models as the recognition system. The goals of this work is to project and synthesize the first two steps of the speech recognition system, the steps are: the speech signal acquisition and the pre-processing of the signal. Both steps were developed in a reprogrammable component named FPGA, using the VHDL hardware description language, owing to the high performance of this component and the flexibility of the language. In this work it is presented all the theory of digital signal processing, as Fast Fourier Transforms and digital filters and also all the theory of speech recognition using Hidden Markov Models and LPC processor. It is also presented all the results obtained for each one of the blocks synthesized e verified in hardware

Os professores e o consumo de projetos que chegam à escola: o caso do Projeto Lego Education

O estudo proposto focaliza o modo como os professores recebem, consomem e se apropriam de projetos educativos que são implementados nas escolas de ensino fundamental. Trata-se de um estudo de caso que focaliza a implementação, iniciada em 2008, do Projeto Lego Education em escolas de uma rede municipal de ensino no interior paulista. A implementação do referido projeto insere-se em um contexto mais amplo marcado pelo crescimento de um “rentável mercado formativo” (Nóvoa, 1999) entre nós atualmente. Diante desse contexto, surge uma questão: Como foi, para os professores daquela rede de ensino, a inserção do Projeto Lego Education em seu trabalho docente e como os mesmos lidam com o projeto atualmente? Para tentar responder a essa questão o presente estudo foi realizado com os professores que foram capacitados e atuaram na implementação do projeto, a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observações. Objetivou-se investigar como o referido projeto foi apropriado (de Certeau, 1994) pelos professores na sua implementação e como os mesmos percebem o projeto atualmente. Pretendeu-se identificar, assim, maneiras pelas quais os professores relacionam-se com materiais didáticos, livros/guias do professor e cursos de capacitação docente ligados ao Projeto Lego Education, procurando caracterizar as maneiras como os mesmos se apropriam e consomem (de Certeau, 1994) tais produtos que lhes são dirigidos. Nesse estudo foi realizada também a análise de documentos relacionados ao Projeto Lego Education (sites das empresas envolvidas, manuais e revistas, entre outros materiais), focando em como esses materiais se referem ao professor e sua prática em sala de aula. A inserção nas escolas públicas de projetos que, como o LEGO, são provenientes de empresas privadas, aponta... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Elaboração de guia de campo para identificação de mamíferos por meio de suas pegadas

Desde a década de 1960, atividades humanas negativas vêm crescendo em relação ao meio ambiente. Diversos caminhos vêm sendo apontados como recursos para minimizar ou solucionar os problemas alarmantes da alteração ambiental. A educação ambiental é compreendida como um desses recursos e para sua efetivação são necessárias propostas que envolvem estratégias e recursos didáticos diferenciados . Este trabalho visou à criação de um guia destinado ao professor, para auxiliá-lo no desenvolvimento de aula de campo, com a temática mamíferos, favorecendo a conscientização dos alunos sobre a importância biológica desses animais e de sua conservação. O guia propõe uma atividade de campo para a aprendizagem dos alunos pela observação e identificação de pegadas de mamíferos presentes na Fazenda Edgárdia