Urgência urgentíssima : uma exceção que se tornou regra na apreciação de projetos de lei pelo plenário da Câmara dos Deputados

O processo de elaboração das leis ordinárias na Câmara dos Deputados. A urgência urgentíssima como instrumento usado pelos Líderes partidários para acelerar a tramitação e aprovar projetos de lei. A atuação do Poder Executivo e a participação da sociedade por meio dos grupos de pressão para acelerar os projetos de seus interesses. Os instrumentos constitucionais à disposição do Presidente da República para interferir no processo de elaboração da lei. O controle do Poder Executivo sobre a agenda legislativa da Câmara, especialmente por meio da edição de medidas provisórias, em detrimento da agenda parlamentar. O poder de veto dos Líderes partidários e do Presidente da Mesa, principais atores do processo decisório das leis. O desempenho do Plenário na apreciação dos projetos de lei e das medidas provisórias a partir da promulgação da Emenda Constitucional nº 32 de 2001. Alteração significativa no fluxo de apreciação de projetos de lei, inclusive para aqueles que tramitam sob o rito urgentíssimo. A larga preferência dos Líderes partidários por apreciar os projetos que tramitam sob o rito urgentíssimo. A redução na aprovação de projetos de lei pelo Plenário. Pesquisa de dados sobre a tramitação de projetos de lei e de medidas provisórias aprovadas pelo Plenário da Câmara dos Deputados na 52ª Legislatura, sua análise, resultados e propostas de mudanças regimentais e constitucionais pertinentes.

含尘大气近地层流底层流动特性及其摩阻系数

采用双向耦合的双流体模型，了大气悬浮沙尘的存在对大气边界层中流底层流动特性及摩阻系数的影响，计算并讨论了不同沙尘含量下含尘大气相对于无尘大气摩阻系数的变化，结果表明，摩阻系数的变化取决于悬浮沙尘的初始运动状态和质量载荷率。

非转移弧层流等离子体射流铸铁表面熔凝强化

用大气压非转移弧层流等离子体射流,对W-Mo-Cu铸铁表面进行熔凝相变强化处理,观察和测试了试样经不同弧电流处理后的表面层组织、硬度、耐磨性.结果表明,层流等离子体射流对铸铁表面的局部快速加热熔化和冷却凝固,明显改变了表面层的微观组织,提高了硬度和抗磨损性能.

非转移弧层流等离子体射流熔凝铸铁表面耐磨性的研究

对在大气压条件下用非转移弧层流等离子体射流熔凝强化处理的W-Mo-Cu铸铁表面,采用光学显微镜、显微硬度计、磨损试验机、扫描电镜等,观察和测试了熔凝试样的表面层组织、硬度、耐磨性和磨损形貌.结果表明,熔凝后铸铁表面为初晶渗碳体和莱氏体组成的过共晶组织,硬度和耐磨性有了明显的提高.

Desenho organizacional e sua influência sobre o processo decisório de veto presidencial

Descreve o processo decisório de aposição e apreciação de vetos presidenciais, no período de 2011 a 2013, descrevendo os elementos organizacionais dos poderes Legislativo e Executivo, analisando o vínculo entre eles, e apontando momentos críticos no fluxo dos processos decisórios identificados. Justifica-se sua realização para contribuir na discussão sobre o processo decisório político. As conclusões apontam para a hipótese da prática de não decisão pelo Congresso, a impossibilidade de relacioná-la ao desenho organizacional, bem como a relevância do fator tempo.

Starting Nozzle Flow Simulation Using K-G Two-Equation Turbulence Model

The starting process of two-dimensional nozzle flows has been simulated with Euler, laminar and k - g two-equation turbulence Navier-Stokes equations. The flow solver is based on a combination of LUSGS subiteration implicit method and five spatial discretized schemes, which are Roe, HLLE, MHLLE upwind schemes and AUSM+, AUSMPW schemes. In the paper, special attention is for the flow differences of the nozzle starting process obtained from different governing equations and different schemes. Two nozzle flows, previously investigated experimentally and numerically by other researchers, are chosen as our examples. The calculated results indicate the carbuncle phenomenon and unphysical oscillations appear more or less near a wall or behind strong shock wave except using HLLE scheme, and these unphysical phenomena become more seriously with the increase of Mach number. Comparing the turbulence calculation, inviscid solution cannot simulate the wall flow separation and the laminar solution shows some different flow characteristics in the regions of flow separation and near wall.

Comparative Observation of DC Arc Plasma Jets and Their Arc Root Behaviors at Reduced Pressure

Experimentally observed, results are presented for the DCarcplasmajets and theirarc-rootbehaviors generated atreduced gas pressure and without or with an' applied magnetic field. Pure argon, argon -hydrogen or argon-nitrogen mixture is used as the plasma-forming gas. A specially designed copper mirror is constructed and used for better observing the arc-root behavior on the anode surface of the DC non-transferred arcplasma torch. It is shown that for the cases without applied magnetic field, the laminar plasmajets are stable and approximately axisymmetrical. The arc-root attachment on the anode surface is completely diffusive when argon is used as the plasma-forming gas, while the arc-root attachment often becomes constrictive when hydrogen or nitrogen is added into the argon. When an external magnetic field is applied, the arcroot tends to rotate along the anode surface of the non-transferred arcplasma torch.

An Experimental Study on Flame Propagation in Cornstarch Dust Clouds

Following the quantitative determination of dust cloud parameters, this study investigates the flame propagation through cornstarch dust clouds in a vertical duct of 780 mm height and 160 x 160 mm square cross section, and gives particular attention to the effect of small scale turbulence and small turbulence intensity on flame characteristics. Dust suspensions in air were produced using an improved apparatus ensuring more uniform distribution and repeatable dust concentrations in the testing duct. The dispersion-induced turbulence was measured by means of a particle image velocimetry (PIV) system, and dust concentrations were estimated by direct weighing method. This quantitative assessment made it possible to correlate observed flame behaviors with the parameters of the dust cloud. Upward propagating dust flames, from both closed/open bottom end to open/closed top end of the duct, were visualized by direct light and shadow photography. From the observation of propagation regimes and the measurements of flame velocity, a critical value of the turbulence intensity can be specified below which laminar flame propagation would be established. This transition condition was determined to be 10 cm/s. Laminar flames propagated with oscillations from the closed bottom end to the open top end of the testing duct, while the turbulent flames accelerated continuously. Both laminar and turbulent flames propagated with steady velocity from the open bottom end to the closed top end of the duct. The measured propagation velocity of laminar flames appeared to be in the range of 0.45-0.56 m/s, and it was consistent with the measurements reported in the literature. In the present experimental study, the influence of dust concentration on flame propagation was also examined, and the flame propagation velocity was found weakly sensitive to the variations in dust concentration. Some information on the flame structure was revealed from the shadow records, showing the typical heterogeneous feature of the dust combustion process.

A Multiscale-Domain Decomposition Method for High Reynolds Number Flows

The high Reynolds number flow contains a wide range of length and time scales, and the flow domain can be divided into several sub-domains with different characteristic scales. In some sub-domains, the viscosity dissipation scale can only be considered in a certain direction; in some sub-domains, the viscosity dissipation scales need to be considered in all directions; in some sub-domains, the viscosity dissipation scales are unnecessary to be considered at all. For laminar boundary layer region, the characteristic length scales in the streamwise and normal directions are L and L Re-1/ 2 , respectively. The characteristic length scale and the velocity scale in the outer region of the boundary layer are L and U, respectively. In the neighborhood region of the separated point, the length scale l<

郭永怀文集

谈镐生文集

本文集收入了著名力学家、应用数学家、中国科学院院士谈镐生先生在流体力学、稀薄气体动力学和应用数学研究领域的论文和研究报告26篇，谈镐生先生倡导和支持力学基础研究的有关文章和论述21篇，谈先生的学术活动和生活图片多幅，以及谈镐生先生生平，最后附有谈先生生平年表。

 

 

层流等离子体发生器的研究

在本文的工作中，研制出了大气压层流等离子体发生器，并从试验和数值模拟两个方面对层流等离子体射流的特征和发生机理进行了分析和研究。试验观察表明，与湍流等离子体射流相比，层流等离子体射流有明显的特点，射流长而细，与周围环境气体掺混很少，能量的衰减很慢，而且几乎没有噪音。在层流等离子体发生器的研制过程中，研究了层流等离子体射流的产生机理，结果表明，工作气体流量、电源的输出特性、进气方式、电压的大小、发生器的结构和加工等对层流等离子体射流的产生有重要影响。本文还对层流和湍流等离子体射流进行了数值模拟，结果表明，工作气体的流量对层流等离子体的射流的长度有较大的影响；发生器出口的射流初始湍流度对射流的流动状态和长度也有很大的影响。数值模拟的结果和试验观察到的现象是一致的。

Large-eddy simulation of flows past a flapping airfoil using immersed boundary method

The numerical simulation of flows past flapping foils at moderate Reynolds numbers presents two challenges to computational fluid dynamics: turbulent flows and moving boundaries. The direct forcing immersed boundary (IB) method has been devel- oped to simulate laminar flows. However, its performance in simulating turbulent flows and transitional flows with moving boundaries has not been fully evaluated. In the present work, we use the IB method to simulate fully developed turbulent channel flows and transitional flows past a stationary/plunging SD7003 airfoil. To suppress the non-physical force oscillations in the plunging case, we use the smoothed discrete delta function for interpolation in the IB method. The results of the present work demonstrate that the IB method can be used to simulate turbulent flows and transitional flows with moving boundaries.

Atomistic simulation studies of the cement paste components

230 p.

A Simple Model For Predicting The Void Fraction Of Gas/Non-Newtonian Fluid Intermittent Flows In Upward Inclined Pipes

In this work, a simple correlation, which incorporates the mixture velocity, drift velocity, and the correction factor of Farooqi and Richardson, was proposed to predict the void fraction of gas/non-Newtonian intermittent flow in upward inclined pipes. The correlation was based on 352 data points covering a wide range of flow rates for different CMC solutions at diverse angles. A good agreement was obtained between the predicted and experimental results. These results substantiated the general validity of the model presented for gas/non-Newtonian two-phase intermittent flows.