How can an invasive grass affect fire behavior in a tropical savanna? A community and individual plant level approach

Some invasive grasses have been reported to change fire behavior in invaded plant communities. Urochloa brizantha is an aggressive invasive grass in the Brazilian Cerrado, an ecosystem where fire is a common disturbance. We investigated the effects of U. brizantha on fire behavior in an open Cerrado physiognomy in Central Brazil. Using experimental burnings we compared fire behavior at both the community and the individual plant level in invaded (UJ) and non-invaded (NJ) areas burned in July. We also assessed the effect of fire season in invaded areas by comparing July (UJ) and October (UO) burnings. We evaluated the following variables: fuel load, fuel moisture, combustion efficiency, maximum fire temperature, flame height, and fire intensity. Additionally, we evaluated the temperatures reached under invasive and native grass tussocks in both seasons. Fuel load, combustion efficiency, and fire intensity were higher in NJ than in UJ, whilst flame height showed the opposite trend. Fuel amount and fire intensity were higher in October than in July. At the individual plant level, U. brizantha moisture was higher than that of native species, however, temperatures reaching ≥600 °C at ground level were more frequent under U. brizantha tussocks than under native grasses. At the community level, the invasive grass modified fire behavior towards lower intensity, lower burning efficiency, and higher flame height. These results provide essential information for the planning of prescribed burnings in invaded Cerrado areas.

Impregnated palladium on magnetite as catalyst for direct arylation of heterocycles

Palladium impregnated on magnetite is an efficient, cheap and easy to prepare catalyst for the direct arylation of heterocycles. Good yields are afforded under relatively mild conditions and a broad substrate scope is evident. The catalyst is regioselective in many cases, affording arylated products, at the C2- or C3-position (depending of the heterocycle used). The methodology can be extended to prepare chromenes through an intramolecular direct arylation reaction. Some evidence is provided for two catalyst deactivation pathways, which prevents efficient recycling.

Ḥāshīyat al-Kalanbawī ʻalá Jalāl al-Dīn al-Dawwānī fī Sharḥ al-ʻAqāʼid al-ʻAḍudīyah

[Ismāʻīl ibn Muṣṭafá al-Kalanbawī].

Majmūʻah : manuscript, 1694-1716

A collection of more than 80 short treatises by various authors on various topics as well as numerous excerpts from different sources.

Sharḥ Hayākil al-nūr / li-Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Dawwānī : manuscript, undated

Written in one column, from 18 to 19 lines per page, in black. Comments and corrections in the margins.

Risālat ithbāt al-wājib : manuscript, undated

Bound with : Sharḥ Hayākil al-nūr / lil-Dawwānī.

Risālah fī khalq al-aʻmāl : manuscript, undated

Bound with : Sharḥ Hayākil al-nūr / lil-Dawwānī.

Risālat al-Zawrāʼ : manuscript, undated

Bound with : Sharḥ Hayākil al-nūr / lil-Dawwānī.

Sharḥ risālat al-Ḥawrāʼ : manuscript, undated

Bound with : Sharḥ Hayākil al-nūr / lil-Dawwānī.

Thabat al-Shaykh Taqī al-Dīn al-Ḥiṣnī : manuscript, undated

Bound with: Thabat al-Shaykh Muḥammad al-Bābilī (ff. 1r-7v).

Ensino da escrita : estratégias de planificação textual

Relatório de Estágio para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-escolar e em Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico