State Aid to Infrastructure: Do Competitively Selected Operators Obtain an Undue Advantage? Bruges European Economic Research Papers (BEER) 33/2015

Addressing high and volatile natural resource prices, uncertain supply prospects, reindustrialization attempts and environmental damages related to resource use, resource efficiency has evolved into a highly debated proposal among academia, policy makers, firms and international financial institutions (IFIs). In 2011, the European Union (EU) declared resource efficiency as one of its seven flagship initiatives in its Europe 2020 strategy. This paper contributes to the discussions by assessing its key initiative, the Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe (EC 2011 571), following two streams of evaluation. In a first step, resource efficiency is linked to two theoretical frameworks regarding sustainability, (i) the sustainability triangle (consisting of economic, social and ecological dimensions) and (ii) balanced sustainability (combining weak and strong sustainability). Subsequently, both sustainability frameworks are used to assess to which degree the Roadmap follows the concept of sustainability. It can be concluded that it partially respects the sustainability triangle as well as balanced sustainability, primarily lacking a social dimension. In a second step, following Steger and Bleischwitz (2009), the impact of resource efficiency on competitiveness as advocated in the Roadmap is empirically evaluated. Using an Arellano–Bond dynamic panel data model reveals no robust impact of resource efficiency on competiveness in the EU between 2004 and 2009 – a puzzling result. Further empirical research and enhanced data availability are needed to better understand the impacts of resource efficiency on competitiveness on the macroeconomic, microeconomic and industry level. In that regard, strengthening the methodologies of resource indicators seem essential. Last but certainly not least, political will is required to achieve the transition of the EU-economy into a resource efficient future.

Fair Access to Energy Resources, Market Transfers and Climate Change in the WTO

This paper addresses the issues of dual pricing and export restrictions in the energy sector, stressing the comparability of their economic and climate change impacts. It assesses whether WTO disciplines relevant and applicable to such practices are well-equipped to ensure fair access to energy resources. It finds that relevant GATT disciplines are overall deficient in the case of dual pricing and export taxes, while the landscape of WTO-plus obligations generally consisting of a network of narrowly tailored commitments. It discusses possible avenues to address such practices under the ASCM to the extent that they distort domestic energy prices and subsidize consumption of cheap fossil fuels

Warsaw Pact economic aid to non-Communist LDCs, 1984 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Communist aid to less developed countries of the free world, 1977 : a research paper.

"ER 78-10478U."

Soviet and East European aid to the Third world, 1981.

"February 1983"--Cover.

Black Mountain public land disposal, supplement to Engen Mountain Development Corporation proposed winter sports area environmental assessment (EA), draft planning amendment environmental assessment (EA).

Mode of access: Internet.

Artesanías program in Guatemala /

"Contract no. AID/csd-1168 ; PIO/T 520-185-3-90008, amendment no. 1".

Trends in Federal domestic transportation programs, revenues, and expenditures : by state fiscal years 1957-1975 /

"DOT-P-10-78-46."

Replies from executive departments and Federal agencies to inquiry regarding use of advisory committees (January 1, 1953-January 1, 1956).

Errata slip inserted in pt. 1.

A water policy for the American people; the report of the President's Water Resources Policy Commission.

No more published?

Characteristics of state plans for aid to the blind /

Mode of access: Internet.

A guide to funding resources /

Mode of access: Internet.

Illegitimacy and its impact on the aid to dependent children program /

Bibliography: pages 61-66.

Aid to dependent children under the Social Security Act /

"September 1937."

Fact sheet on Interior's Pacific Southwest Water Plan.

Caption title.