Next Media / eReading / Kirjastolisenssipilotti

Arja Tuuliniemen esitys Asiantuntijaseminaarissa Helsingissä 13.2.2014.

Social media and public libraries : exploring information activities of library professionals and users

Social media has become a part of many people’s everyday lives. In the library field the adoption of social media has been widespread and discussions of the development of “Library 2.0” began at an early stage. The aim with this thesis is to study the interface between public libraries, social media, and users, focusing on information activities. The main research question is: How is the interface between public libraries and social media perceived and acted upon by its main stakeholders (library professionals and users)? The background of Library 2.0 is strongly associated with the development of the Web and social media, as well as with the public libraries and their user-centered and information technological development. The theoretical framework builds on the research within the area of Library and Information Science concerning information behavior, information practice, and information activities. Earlier research on social media and public libraries is also highlighted in this thesis. The methods survey and content analysis were applied to map the interface between social media and public libraries. A questionnaire was handed out to the users and another questionnaire was sent out to the library professionals. The results were statistically analyzed. In the content analysis public library Facebook pages were studied. All the empirical investigations were conducted in the area of Finland Proper. An integrated analysis of the results deepens the understanding of the key elements of the social media and public library context. These elements are interactivity, information activities, perceptions, and stakeholders. In this context seven information activities were distinguished: reading, seeking, creating, communicating, informing, mediating, and contributing. This thesis contributes to develop the research concerning information activities and draws a realistic picture of the challenges and opportunities in the social media and public library context. It also contributes with knowledge on library professionals and library users, and the existing differences in their perceptions of the interface between libraries and social media.

Disconnect.Me. User Engagement and Facebook

In the beginning of its 10th year of existence Facebook has engaged and connected 1.2 billion monthly active users. This article-based dissertation Disconnect.Me – User Engagement and Facebook approaches this engagement from the opposite direction: disconnection. The research articles focus on social media specific phenomena including leaving Facebook, tactical media works such as Web 2.0 SuicideMachine, memorializing dead Facebook users and Facebook trolling. The media theoretical framework for this study is built around affect theory, software studies, biopolitics as well as different critical studies of new media. The argument is that disconnection is a necessary condition of social media connectivity and exploring social media through disconnection – as an empirical phenomenon, future potential and theoretical notion – helps us to understand how users are engaged with social media, its uses and subsequent business models. The results of the study indicate that engagement is a relation that precedes user participation, a notion often used to conceptualize social media. Furthermore, this engagement turns the focus from users’ actions towards the platform and how the platform actively controls users and their behavior. Facebook aims to engage new users and maintain the old ones by renewing its platform and user interface. User engagement with the platform is thus social but also technical and affective. When engaged, the user is positioned to algorithmic connectivity where machinc processes mine user data. This data is but sold also used to affect and engage other users. In the heart of this study is the notion that our networked engagements matter and disconnection can bring us to the current limits of network culture.

Backpacker 2.0 - Contemporary backpackers and their use of social media as an information and communication platform

Long-term independent budget travel to countries far away has become increasingly common over the last few decades, and backpacking has now entered the tourism mainstream. Nowadays, backpackers are a very important segment of the global travel market. Backpacking is a type of tourism that involves a lot of information search activities. The Internet has become a major source of information as well as a platform for tourism business transactions. It allows travelers to gain information very effortlessly and to learn about tourist destinations and products directly from other travelers in the form of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). Social media has penetrated and changed the backpacker market, as now modern travelers can stay connected to people at home, read online recommendations, and organize and book their trips very independently. In order to create a wider understanding on modern-day backpackers and their information search and share behavior in the Web 2.0 era, this thesis examined contemporary backpackers and their use of social media as an information and communication platform. In order to achieve this goal, three sub-objectives were identified: 1. to describe contemporary backpacker tourism 2. to examine contemporary backpackers’ travel information search and share behavior 3. to explore the impacts of new information and communications technologies and Web 2.0 on backpacker tourism The empirical data was gathered with an online survey, thus the method of analysis was mainly quantitative, and a qualitative method was used for a brief analysis of open questions. The research included both descriptive and analytical approaches, as the goal was to describe modern-day backpackers, and to examine possible interdependencies between information search and share behavior and background variables. The interdependencies were tested for statistical significance with the help of five research hypotheses. The results suggested that backpackers no longer fall under the original backpacker definitions described some decades ago. Now, they are mainly short-term travelers, whose trips resemble more those of mainstream tourists. They use communication technologies very actively, and particularly social media. Traditional information sources, mainly guide books and recommendations from friends, are of great importance to them but also eWOM sources are widely used in travel decision making. The use of each source varies according to the stage of the trip. All in all, Web 2.0 and new ICTs have transformed the backpacker tourism industry in many ways. Although the experience has become less authentic in some travelers’ eyes, the backpacker culture is still recognizable.

”SISÄLTÖ EDELLÄ" : Pienyritysten brändin rakentaminen sosiaalisessa mediassa

Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan pienyritysten brändin rakentamista sosiaalisessa mediassa. Pienyritykset ovat kansantaloudellisesti merkittäviä niin Suomessa kuin muualla maailmassa. Yrittäjyyteen yhdistetään usein innovatiivisuus ja luovuus, jotka näkyvät myös pienyritysten joustavissa toimintamalleissa. Brändin merkitys on pienyrityksille tärkeä mahdollistaen yrityksen erottuvuuden ja parantaen kilpailukykyä. Sosiaalinen media taas tarjoaa mielekkään alustan brändin rakentamiseen. Tutkielman teoreettinen viitekehys muodostuu pk-yritysten brändin rakentamista käsittelevästä tutkimuksesta, koska pienyrityksistä ei ole erillistä teoriaa. So-siaalisen median tarkastelut rajataan kohdennetusti brändejä käsittelevän tutkimukseen. Tutkimuskysymyk-seksi muodostui, miten pienyritys hyödyntää sosiaalista mediaa brändin rakentamisessa. Tutkimusmenetelmäksi valikoitui kvalitatiivinen monitapaustutkimus, koska ilmiö on vähän tutkittu. Tutkimus-näytteeseen valittiin pienyrityksiä, joilla on vahva brändi ja jotka hyödyntävät laajasti sosiaalista mediaa. Li-säksi näytettä tarkennettiin valitsemalla yrityksiä, jotka suuntaavat tarjoomansa tiedostavalle nykykuluttajalle. Aineisto kerättiin teemahaastatteluilla, joiden runko muodostettiin viitekehyksestä. Tutkielman tuloksista il-menee, että sosiaalista mediaa hyödynnetään brändin rakentamisessa monin eri tavoin ja se on mahdollista integroida tiiviiksi osaksi brändistrategiaa. Pienyritysten brändin rakentamisessa korostuvat kumppanuuksien ja sidosryhmien merkitys, sekä vahva brändi ja sitä kautta saavutettu brändisuuntautuneisuus. Resurssien merkitys on pienyrityksille suuri, muttei pelkästään negatiivisessa mielessä, sillä pienuus mahdollistaa nope-an reagoimisen uusiin trendeihin ja markkinoiden muutoksiin. Sosiaalisen median osalta korostuu sisällön merkitys ja sitä kautta saavutettava vuorovaikutteisuus. Kehityskohteita ilmenee monikanavaisuuden ja yh-teisöllisyyden hyödyntämisessä. Tutkielma tuo uutta tietoa pienyritysten brändin rakentamisesta ja sosiaalisen median käytöstä brändin ra-kentamisen välineenä. Pienyritysten brändisuuntautuneisuuden tarkastelussa havaittiin eroja aiempaan teo-riaan. Lisäksi ilmeni mahdollisuus tarkastella sosiaalisen median suuntautuneisuutta, mikä käsittää sosiaali-sen median integroituneisuuden liiketoimintaan. Sosiaalisessa mediassa jaetun sisällön ja ansaitun median merkitykset korostuivat. Esitellyt teemat liitetään viestinnän ja markkinoinnin paradigman muutokseen, joka on mahdollistanut myös pienyritysten brändin rakentamisen monipuolistumisen.