L' arrest du Conseil d'en-haut, prononcé par le prophete royal David, contre Mazarin & les partisans. Par F.A.S.D.R.

[Mazarinade. 1649]

Desenvolvimento radicular e influxo de nitrogênio em duas cultivares de arroz

Foi conduzido um experimento para avaliar as diferenças genotípicas nas taxas de absorção de nitrogênio, associadas aos padrões de desenvolvimento radicular, em duas cultivares de arroz (Oryza sativa L.). As cultivares IAC 4440 e Comum Branco, adaptadas, respectivamente, ao cultivo sob irrigação e sequeiro, foram crescidas em solução nutritiva, efetuando-se sete coletas em intervalos de dez dias. Apesar das pequenas diferenças entre as cultivares na produção de massa seca radicular, IAC 4440 apresentou maior área radicular total, com raízes mais finas e maior área radicular específica, como conseqüência de um maior perfilhamento, associado a maiores teores de nitrogênio em folhas e colmos. Os influxos radiculares de nitrogênio foram significativamente superiores em Comum Branco entre 35 e 55 dias após plantio, estádio em que principiaram as diferenças nos padrões de desenvolvimento radicular das cultivares. O menor influxo de nitrogênio em IAC 4440 foi compensado pela maior produção de área radicular, resultando em taxas de acumulação de nitrogênio similares nas duas cultivares.

Computed tomography of the cervical spine: comparison of image quality between a standard-dose and a low-dose protocol using filtered back-projection and iterative reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: To compare image quality of a standard-dose (SD) and a low-dose (LD) cervical spine CT protocol using filtered back-projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients investigated by cervical spine CT were prospectively randomised into two groups: SD (120 kVp, 275 mAs) and LD (120 kVp, 150 mAs), both applying automatic tube current modulation. Data were reconstructed using both FBP and sinogram-affirmed IR. Image noise, signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratios were measured. Two radiologists independently and blindly assessed the following anatomical structures at C3-C4 and C6-C7 levels, using a four-point scale: intervertebral disc, content of neural foramina and dural sac, ligaments, soft tissues and vertebrae. They subsequently rated overall image quality using a ten-point scale. RESULTS: For both protocols and at each disc level, IR significantly decreased image noise and increased SNR and CNR, compared with FBP. SNR and CNR were statistically equivalent in LD-IR and SD-FBP protocols. Regardless of the dose and disc level, the qualitative scores with IR compared with FBP, and with LD-IR compared with SD-FBP, were significantly higher or not statistically different for intervertebral discs, neural foramina and ligaments, while significantly lower or not statistically different for soft tissues and vertebrae. The overall image quality scores were significantly higher with IR compared with FBP, and with LD-IR compared with SD-FBP. CONCLUSION: LD-IR cervical spine CT provides better image quality for intervertebral discs, neural foramina and ligaments, and worse image quality for soft tissues and vertebrae, compared with SD-FBP, while reducing radiation dose by approximately 40 %.