Aspectos nutricionales de la dieta mediterránea

Se realiza un anàlisis de los orígenes de la dieta mediterránea, los cuales se remontan a las grandes culturas clásicas de la Edad Antigua. Además, se describe lo que hoy en dia cabe entender como dieta mediterránea y se analiza el valor nutritivo de los alimentos que integran los diversos tipos de dietas mediterrdneas. Finalmente, se realizan algunas consideraciones sobre la bondad de la dieta mediterránea, que, sin ser una panacea, es lo suficientemente equilibrada y agradable para considerarla saludable.

Experiencia con la dieta cetogénica como tratamiento en la epilepsia refractaria

Introducción: La epilepsia es una enfermedad neurológica que se controla con fármacos antiepilépticos en la mayoría de casos. Sin embargo, aproximadamente un 25% de epilepsias son refractarias al tratamiento farmacológico. La dieta cetogénica es una de las opciones terapéuticas para este tipo de epilepsia. A pesar del aumento en los últimos años de la popularidad de ésta como tratamiento anticonvulsivo, no se ha establecido un consenso internacional para sus indicaciones y manejo. Objetivo: Evaluar la respuesta, tolerancia y efectos secundarios en los pacientes con epilepsias refractarias que han recibido dieta cetogénica en nuestra institución en un período de 20 años. Pacientes y métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 30 pacientes que utilizaron dieta cetogénica como coadyuvante al tratamiento de epilepsia refractaria seguidos en nuestro centro. Se obtuvo información completa para el estudio en 27 casos. Resultados: Diez pacientes (35,7%) presentaron una respuesta positiva en la reducción del número de crisis por más de seis meses; cinco de ellos con una disminución del 50-75% de las crisis y cinco de más del 75%. Los efectos adversos más frecuentes a corto plazo fueron diarrea, vómitos e hipoglucemias, y a largo plazo, estreñimiento y aumento de peso. Conclusiones: Existe una respuesta positiva con la dieta cetogénica en una tercera parte de nuestros pacientes con epilepsia refractaria. La tolerancia es aceptable y los efectos adversos existentes pueden prevenirse o corregirse. Puede considerarse una opción terapéutica frente a epilepsias refractarias antes de iniciar otras medidas más agresivas o cuando no es factible la opción quirúrgica.

Regional and cellular patterns of reelin mRNA expression in the forebrain of the developing and adult mouse

The reelin gene encodes an extracellular protein that is crucial for neuronal migration in laminated brain regions. To gain insights into the functions of Reelin, we performed high-resolution in situ hybridization analyses to determine the pattern of reelin expression in the developing forebrain of the mouse. We also performed double-labeling studies with several markers, including calcium-binding proteins, GAD65/67, and neuropeptides, to characterize the neuronal subsets that express reelin transcripts. reelinexpression was detected at embryonic day 10 and later in the forebrain, with a distribution that is consistent with the prosomeric model of forebrain regionalization. In the diencephalon, expression was restricted to transverse and longitudinal domains that delineated boundaries between neuromeres. During embryogenesis,reelin was detected in the cerebral cortex in Cajal-Retzius cells but not in the GABAergic neurons of layer I. At prenatal stages, reelin was also expressed in the olfactory bulb, and striatum and in restricted nuclei in the ventral telencephalon, hypothalamus, thalamus, and pretectum. At postnatal stages, reelin transcripts gradually disappeared from Cajal-Retzius cells, at the same time as they appeared in subsets of GABAergic neurons distributed throughout neocortical and hippocampal layers. In other telencephalic and diencephalic regions,reelin expression decreased steadily during the postnatal period. In the adult, there was prominent expression in the olfactory bulb and cerebral cortex, where it was restricted to subsets of GABAergic interneurons that co-expressed calbindin, calretinin, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin. This complex pattern of cellular and regional expression is consistent with Reelin having multiple roles in brain development and adult brain function.

Regional and cellular gene expression changes in human Huntington's disease brain.

Huntington's disease (HD) pathology is well understood at a histological level but a comprehensive molecular analysis of the effect of the disease in the human brain has not previously been available. To elucidate the molecular phenotype of HD on a genome-wide scale, we compared mRNA profiles from 44 human HD brains with those from 36 unaffected controls using microarray analysis. Four brain regions were analyzed: caudate nucleus, cerebellum, prefrontal association cortex [Brodmann's area 9 (BA9)] and motor cortex [Brodmann's area 4 (BA4)]. The greatest number and magnitude of differentially expressed mRNAs were detected in the caudate nucleus, followed by motor cortex, then cerebellum. Thus, the molecular phenotype of HD generally parallels established neuropathology. Surprisingly, no mRNA changes were detected in prefrontal association cortex, thereby revealing subtleties of pathology not previously disclosed by histological methods. To establish that the observed changes were not simply the result of cell loss, we examined mRNA levels in laser-capture microdissected neurons from Grade 1 HD caudate compared to control. These analyses confirmed changes in expression seen in tissue homogenates; we thus conclude that mRNA changes are not attributable to cell loss alone. These data from bona fide HD brains comprise an important reference for hypotheses related to HD and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Midwest Regional Rail Passenger Initiative and Passenger Rail Service in Iowa Status Report

This report provides the status of the Passenger Rail Service Revolving Fund and the development and operation of the midwest regional rail system and the state's passenger rail service.

Audit report on the South Central Iowa Regional E-911 Service Board for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on the South Central Iowa Regional E-911 Service Board for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on the Regional Utility Service Systems Commission for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on the Regional Utility Service Systems Commission for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on the Heart of Iowa Regional Transit Agency, Des Moines, Iowa, for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on the Heart of Iowa Regional Transit Agency, Des Moines, Iowa, for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on the Heart of Iowa Regional Transit Agency, Des Moines, Iowa, for the year ended June 30, 2004

Audit report on the Heart of Iowa Regional Transit Agency, Des Moines, Iowa, for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on the Heart of Iowa Regional Transit Agency, Des Moines, Iowa, for the year ended June 30, 2005

Audit report on the Heart of Iowa Regional Transit Agency, Des Moines, Iowa, for the year ended June 30, 2012

Is the impact of public investment neutral across the regional income distribution?: evidence from Mexico

This paper investigates the contribution of public investment to the reduction of regional inqualities, with a specific application to Mexico. We use quantile regressions to examine the impact of public investment on regional disparities according to the position of each region in the conditional distribution of regional income. Results confirm the hypothesis that regional inequalities can indeed be atrributed to the regional distribution of public investment, where the observed pattern shows that public investment mainly helped to reduce regional inequalities between the richest regions

Audit report on the Great River Regional Waste Authority for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on the Great River Regional Waste Authority for the year ended June 30, 2012

Regional integration and specialisation patterns in Spain

The aim of this paper is to analyse how economic integration in Europe has affected industrial geographical concentration in Spain and explain what the driving forces behind industry location are. Firstly, we construct regional specialisation and geographical concentration indices for Spanish 50 provinces and 30 industrial sectors in 1979, 1986 and 1992. Secondly, we carry out an econometric analysis of the determinants of geographical concentration of industries. Our main conclusion is that there is no evidence of increasing specialisation in Spain between 1979 and 1992 and that the most important determinant of Spain¿s economic geography is scale economies. Furthermore, traditional trade theory has no effects in explaining the pattern of industrial concentration

Trade policy and regional inequalities

This paper aims to analyse the effects of trade policies in the pattern of regional inequalities within a country. Inspired firstly, by the debate concerning the role of protectionist policies in the settlement of a pattern of striking regional inequalities in the Spanish industrialisation process and secondly, by current evidence of an increase in these inequalities following the entry of Spain in the EU (1986), we set a model that shows that trade liberalisation increases regional inequalities.