Caracterización de la impedancia de superficie para el cálculo del acoplo mutuo en un cilindro circular conductor cubierto por una dieléctrico multicapa

A novel formulation for the surface impedance characterization is introduced for the canonical problem of surface fields on a perfect electric conductor (PEC) circular cylinder with a dielectric coating due to a electric current source using the Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD) with an Impedance Boundary Condition (IBC). The approach is based on a TE/TM assumption of the surface fields from the original problem. Where this surface impedance fails, an optimization is performed to minimize the error in the SD Green's function between the original problem and the equivalent one with the IBC. This new approach requires small changes in the available UTD based solution with IBC to include the geodesic ray angle and length dependence in the surface impedance formulas. This asymptotic method, accurate for large separations between source and observer points, in combination with spectral domain (SD) Green's functions for multidielectric coatings leads to a new hybrid SD-UTD with IBC to calculate mutual coupling among microstrip patches on a multilayer dielectric-coated PEC circular cylinder. Results are compared with the eigenfunction solution in SD, where a very good agreement is met.

Tether radiation in Juno-type and circular-equatorial Jovian orbits

Wave radiation by a conductor carrying a steady current in both a polar, highly eccentric, low perijove orbit, as in NASA's planned Juno mission, and an equatorial low Jovian orbit (LJO) mission below the intense radiation belts, is considered. Both missions will need electric power generation for scientific instruments and communication systems. Tethers generate power more efficiently than solar panels or radioisotope power systems (RPS). The radiation impedance is required to determine the current in the overall tether circuit. In a cold plasma model, radiation occurs mainly in the Alfven and fast magnetosonic modes, exhibiting a large refraction index. The radiation impedance of insulated tethers is determined for both modes and either mission. Unlike the Earth ionospheric case, the low-density, highly magnetized Jovian plasma makes the electron gyrofrequency much larger than the plasma frequency; this substantially modifies the power spectrum for either mode by increasing the Alfven velocity. Finally, an estimation of the radiation impedance of bare tethers is considered. In LJO, a spacecraft orbiting in a slow downward spiral under the radiation belts would allow determining magnetic field structure and atmospheric composition for understanding the formation, evolution, and structure of Jupiter. Additionally, if the cathodic contactor is switched off, a tether floats electrically, allowing e-beam emission that generate auroras. On/off switching produces bias/current pulses and signal emission, which might be used for Jovian plasma diagnostics.

A new UTD for the electromagnetic plane wave scattering by a canonical circular cylinder with an impedance boundary condition

A UTD solution is developed for describing the scattering by a circular cylinder with an impedance boundary condition (IBC), when it is illuminated by an obliquely incident electromagnetic (EM) plane wave. The solution to this canonical problem will be crucial for the construction of a more general UTD solution valid for an arbitrary smooth convex surface with an IBC, when it is illuminated by an arbitrary EM ray optical field. The canonical solution is uniformly valid across the surface shadow boundary that is tangent to the surface at grazing incidence. This canonical solution contains cross polarized terms in the scattered fields, which arise from a coupling of the TEz and TMz waves at the impedance boundary on the cylinder. Here, z is the cylinder axis. Numerical results show very good accuracy for the simpler and efficient UTD solution, when compared to exact but very slowly convergent eigenfunction solution.

Surface impedance for scattered field on a dielectric-coated circular cylinder

In the scattering analysis of a circular cylindrical structure, the impedance boundary condition (IBC) can approximate and simplify the perfect electric conductor (PEC) boundary condition. The circular cylinder problem can be solved with modal methods but they require a large number of terms when the cylinder radius is large in terms of the wave length. The uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) [1] is commonly used to overcome this issue. The two-dimensional problem of scattering on a circular cylinder covered by a dielectric layer has been analyzed by [2]–[5], but their solutions either do not consider oblique incidence, fail on the transition region or use a constant surface impedance.

Surface impedance for electromagnetic fields over a dielectric-coated circular cylinder

For small or medium size conformal array antennas in terms of the wave length, modal solutions in spectral domain for mutual coupling analysis are convenient for canonical shapes such as circular cylinder [1] or sphere [2], but as the antenna dimensions increase a large number of terms are necessary. For large structures the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) is commonly used to solve this problem for canonical and arbitrarily convex shaped perfect electric conductor (PEC) surfaces [3]. A UTD solution for mutual coupling on an impedance cylinder has been introduced in [4], [5] but using a constant surface impedance.

Grain size gradient length scale in ballistic properties optimization of functionally graded nanocrystalline steel plates

The last few years have highlighted the existence of two relevant length scales in the quest to ultrahigh-strength polycrystalline metals. Whereas the microstructural length scale – e.g. grain or twin size – has mainly be linked to the well-established Hall–Petch relationship, the sample length scale – e.g. nanopillar size – has also proven to be at least as relevant, especially in microscale structures. In this letter, a series of ballistic tests on functionally graded nanocrystalline plates are used as a basis for the justification of a “grain size gradient length scale” as an additional ballistic properties optimization parameter.

Finite elastic deformations of transversely isotropic circular cylindrical tubes

We consider the finite radially symmetric deformation of a circular cylindrical tube of a homogeneous transversely isotropic elastic material subject to axial stretch, radial deformation and torsion, supported by axial load, internal pressure and end moment. Two different directions of transverse isotropy are considered: the radial direction and an arbitrary direction in planes normal locally to the radial direction, the only directions for which the considered deformation is admissible in general. In the absence of body forces, formulas are obtained for the internal pressure, and the resultant axial load and torsional moment on the ends of the tube in respect of a general strain-energy function. For a specific material model of transversely isotropic elasticity, and material and geometrical parameters, numerical results are used to illustrate the dependence of the pressure, (reduced) axial load and moment on the radial stretch and a measure of the torsional deformation for a fixed value of the axial stretch.

A generalized method for flat plates impact detection and location

In the last years, many analyses from acoustic signal processing have been used for different applications. In most cases, these sensor systems are based on the determination of times of flight for signals from every transducer. This paper presents a flat plate generalization method for impact detection and location over linear links or bars-based structures. The use of three piezoelectric sensors allow to achieve the position and impact time while the use of additional sensors lets cover a larger area of detection and avoid wrong timing difference measurements. An experimental setup and some experimental results are briefly presented.

Instruccion circular que han de observar los Cavalleros Corregidores de las Cabezas de partido de este Reyno en la averiguacion exacta de los estragos... donde se huviere padecido la calamidad de la langosta, desde Julio de este año 1756... que ha comunicado el señor Conde de Valparaiso

Tít. tomado del principio del texto

Análisis de puentes de planta circular por el método de la lámina plegada

El comportamiento de los puentes de planta circular y sección transversal muy aligerada presenta un problema complejo, en cuanto a la distribución de esfuerzos(interacción, flexión-torsión, distorsión, reparto de esfuerzos entre las distintas almas, etc.). Para poder realizar un correcto estudio del mismo es necesario disponer de un método de cálculo que analice globalmente el comportamiento de la estructura. El método de la Lámina Plegada constituye una herramienta de trabajo eficaz y de fácil utilización, válida para estructuras de sección transversal constante. En este artículo se presenta una ampliación del método de la Lámina Plegada a este tipo estructural, así como un estudio paramétrico del comportamiento de un puente de sección cajón monocelular.

Losa ortótropa circular

Se presenta aquí un análisis elástico de la losa curva, apoyada en dos bordes radiales y con condiciones de sustentación muy generales en sus bordes curvos, y que pueden englobarse en la condición de existencia de vigas. La construcción moderna de autopistas con puentes que deben adaptarse a las necesidades de su trazado ha traido la aparición de puentes irregulares en planta y alzado, que exigen para su cálculo métodos numéricos.Este tipo estructural se caracteriza por su planta circular, y su análisis, en general, no puede ser asimilado al puente rectangular cuyo estudio analítico es más conocido.

Una expresión simplificada de la matriz de rigidez de la barra prismática de directriz circular

En el cálculo de estructuras de barras, es frecuente la aparición de elementos estructurales de directriz curva. Se suelen simular estas situaciones, mediante la introducción de nudos intermedios "extra" y sustitución de los trozos de arco que resultan por barras rectas prismáticas. De este modo, mediante un único programa de cálculo matricial en desplazamientos de barras rectas y prismáticas, se pueden tratar estructuras de barras más generales (variación de la sección, directriz curva, etc.). Los inconvenientes que aparecen en este tratamiento estructural son obvios: Incremento del coste de cálculo al aumentar el número de nudos y aproximación en los resultados producida por la sustitución de la directriz curva de la barra por una poligonal inscrita. Este último aspecto implica, por una parte, la necesidad de introducir las cargas actuantes en las barras, de modo consistente a los nudos extra (en general isostáticamente) y por otra, la especial atención que debe tenerse en el proceso de interpretación de los resultados. Los anteriores inconvenientes pueden evitarse fácilmente, mediante la determinación de la matriz de rigidez y el vector solución inicial (empotramiento total en sus dos extremos) de la barra curva, ya que el método de cálculo matricial en desplazamientos, una vez conocidos estos dos conjuntos de datos, permite su tratamiento de un modo automático, sin distinción del tipo de geometría de la directriz. Es decir, un programa de cálculo-por computador de estructuras de barras, basado en el método del equilibrio de los despÍazamientos, permite, con un esfuerzo adicional de programación insignificante, la inclusión de cualquier tipo de barras curvas.

Teoría elemental de vigas alabeadas. Aplicación a la viga balcón circular

El presente trabajo corresponde a una aplicación de los métodos matemáticos de resolución de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias al cálculo elemental de vigas alabeadas. Representa un estudio que comenzó hace varios años el primer autor y que ahora, en colaboración con el profesor González de Cangas, encuentra su término final en esta publicación de la Cátedra de Análisis de las Estructuras de la E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos de Santander. El objetivo de estas notas es fundamentalmente ilustrativo, por lo que únicamente se ha considerado una teoría elemental lineal y elástica de las vigas alabeadas, en donde se extiende la validez de la hipótesis de Navier, así como la no consideración de las deformaciones de cortante y alabeo. Se aplica esta teoría general a un caso simple, la viga balcón circular, en donde se presentan las expresiones de la matriz de rigidez y de las reacciones de empotramiento rígido, bajo dos tipos de carga: puntual arbitraria y uniformemente repartida en toda la luz. La extensión a otros tipos estructurales (viga helicoidal, vigas distorsionadas, etc.) es directa. Esperamos que este trabajo represente una ayuda en el planteamiento y resolución de éstos y otros casos estructurales simples.

A comparative analysis between FEM and Boundary Methods in bending of Plates

Two different methods of analysis of plate bending, FEM and BM are discussed in this paper. The plate behaviour is assumed to be represented by using the linear thin plate theory where the Poisson-Kirchoff assumption holds. The BM based in a weighted mean square error technique produced good results for the problem of plate bending. The computational effort demanded in the BM is smaller than the one needed in a FEM analysis for the same level of accuracy. The general application of the FEM cannot be matched by the BM. Particularly, different types of geometry (plates of arbitrary geometry) need a similar but not identical treatment in the BM. However, this loss of generality is counterbalanced by the computational efficiency gained in the BM in the solution achievement

Post-fracture behavior of laminated plates after human impact test

For safety barriers the load bearing capacity of the glass when subjected to the soft body impact should be verified. The soft body pendulum test became a testing standard to classify safety glass plates. The classification of the safety glass do not consider the structural behavior when one sheet of a laminated glass is broken; in situations when the replacement of the plate could not be very urgent, structural behavior should be evaluated. The main objective of this paper is to present the structural behavior o laminated glass plates, though modal test and human impact test, including the post fracture behavior for the laminated cases. A god reproducibility and repeatability is obtained. Two main aspects of the structural behavior can be observed: the increment of the rupture load for laminated plates after the failure of the first sheet, and some similarities with a tempered monolithic behavior of equivalent thickness.