894 resultados para Chewing side preference


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The red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) was first recorded in Brazil in 2003 and since then has caused serious damage in Eucalyptus forests. The damage is mainly due to defoliation, sooty mold and dieback, thus requiring the development of efficient management strategies. The settling and ovipositional preference of G. brimblecombei by species and clones of Eucalyptus were evaluated in free- and no-choice tests. Preliminary tests were done to determine the density of psyllid couples that produced the greatest densities of eggs, leaf position selection for oviposition, and whether oviposition was affected by preimaginal conditioning. Apical leaves were used more frequently for oviposition by the psyllid, and the number of eggs decreased from the apex to the base. The densities of 10 and 15 psyllid couples per seedling produced the highest oviposition. There was no evidence of preimaginal conditioning. In the free-choice test, E. grandis, E. urophylla, VM-1, I-144, C-219 and H-13 were less attractive to G. brimblecombei adults, with H-13, E. grandis and E. urophylla having the least oviposition. In the no-choice test, E. urophylla, GG-100 and E. grandis also demonstrated a lower oviposition, but E. camaldulensis and 3025 were highly susceptible. The low preference for the genotypes E. grandis and E. urophylla suggests the occurrence of a non-preference type resistance against the red gum lerp psyllid. Our results can be utilized for the development of management programs for G. brimblecombei in Eucalyptus forests. © 2012 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.

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Results on two-particle angular correlations for charged particles emitted in pPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV are presented. The analysis uses two million collisions collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The correlations are studied over a broad range of pseudorapidity, η, and full azimuth, φ, as a function of charged particle multiplicity and particle transverse momentum, pT. In high-multiplicity events, a long-range (2<|δη|<4), near-side (δφ≈0) structure emerges in the two-particle δη-δφ correlation functions. This is the first observation of such correlations in proton-nucleus collisions, resembling the ridge-like correlations seen in high-multiplicity pp collisions at s=7 TeV and in AA collisions over a broad range of center-of-mass energies. The correlation strength exhibits a pronounced maximum in the range of pT=1-1.5 GeV/c and an approximately linear increase with charged particle multiplicity for high-multiplicity events. These observations are qualitatively similar to those in pp collisions when selecting the same observed particle multiplicity, while the overall strength of the correlations is significantly larger in pPb collisions. © 2012 CERN.

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The development of agricultural activities coincides with the increased use of pesticides to control pests, which can also be harmful to nontarget insects such as bees. Thus, the goal of this work was assess the toxic effects of thiamethoxam on newly emerged worker bees of Apis mellifera (africanized honeybee-AHB). Initially, we determined that the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of thiamethoxam was 4.28 ng a.i./μL of diet. To determine the lethal time 50 (LT50), a survival assay was conducted using diets containing sublethal doses of thiamethoxam equal to 1/10 and 1/100 of the LC50. The group of bees exposed to 1/10 of the LC50 had a 41.2% reduction of lifespan. When AHB samples were analyzed by morphological technique we found the presence of condensed cells in the mushroom bodies and optical lobes in exposed honeybees. Through Xylidine Ponceau technique, we found cells which stained more intensely in groups exposed to thiamethoxam. The digestive and regenerative cells of the midgut from exposed bees also showed morphological and histochemical alterations, like cytoplasm vacuolization, increased apocrine secretion and increased cell elimination. Thus, intoxication with a sublethal doses of thiamethoxam can cause impairment in the brain and midgut of AHB and contribute to the honeybee lifespan reduction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Modelling polymers with side chains is always a challenge once the degrees of freedom are very high. In this study, we present a successful methodology to model poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) and poly[3-hexylthiophene] (P3HT) in solutions, taking into account the influence of side chains on the polymer conformation. Molecular dynamics and semi-empirical quantum mechanical methods were used for structure optimisation and evaluation of optical properties. The methodology allows to describe structural and optical characteristics of the polymers in a satisfactory way, as well as to evaluate some usual simplifications adopted for modelling these systems. Effective conjugation lengths of 8-14.6 and 21 monomers were obtained for MEH-PPV and P3HT, respectively, in accordance with experimental findings. In addition, anti/syn conformations of these polymers could be predicted based on intrinsic interactions of the lateral branches. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

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Maxillary defects resulting from cancer, trauma, and congenital malformation affect the chewing efficiency and retention of dentures in these patients. The use of implant-retained palatal obturator dentures has improved the self-esteem and quality of life of several subjects. We evaluate the stress distribution of implant-retained palatal obturator dentures with different attachment systems by using the photoelastic analysis images. Two photoelastic models of the maxilla with oral-sinus-nasal communication were fabricated. One model received three implants on the left side of the alveolar ridge (incisive, canine, and first molar regions) and the other did not receive implants. Afterwards, a conventional palatal obturator denture (control) and two implant-retained palatal obturator dentures with different attachment systems (O-ring; bar-clip) were constructed. Models were placed in a circular polariscope and a 100-N axial load was applied in three different regions (incisive, canine, and first molar regions) by using a universal testing machine. The results were photographed and analyzed qualitatively using a software (Adobe Photoshop). The bar-clip system exhibited the highest stress concentration followed by the O-ring system and conventional denture (control). Images generated by the photoelastic method help in the oral rehabilitator planning. © 2013 SPIE.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

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Em testes de bisecção de linhas horizontais, os indivíduos normais tendem a partilhá-las à esquerda do verdadeiro ponto zero, fenômeno este denominado de pseudonegligência. As investigações clínicas revelaram que os mecanismos de controle sobre a alocação de atenção ao lado esquerdo do corpo foram profundamente afetados quando houve lesão localizada na parte inferior do lóbulo parietal no hemisfério direito do cérebro; e mais, a omissão de atenção à esquerda da linha média do corpo foi igualmente observada em certas modalidades motoras e táteis, não se limitando apenas ao sistema visual. Neste contexto, estudos evidenciam, ainda, que mudanças na preferência e proficiência manual ocorreram durante o processo de envelhecimento. Por exemplo, diversos estudos mostraram que, com o avanço da idade, a prevalência de canhotismo tende a diminuir; além do mais, em alguns estudos, a partir da idade de 55 anos, a direção de pseudonegligência foi distribuída à direita do ponto zero. Surgem, então, três hipóteses que buscam explicar a fonte das variações através das faixas etárias: A hipótese da degradação diferencial dos hemisférios cerebrais; a hipótese de perda bilateral; e a hipótese de assimetria invariante. Neste estudo, uma amostra de 61 indivíduos foi selecionada, sendo composta de destros e canhotos, de ambos os sexos, em três faixas etárias: de 18 a 30 anos, de 35 a 55 anos e 60 anos e acima. Os indivíduos foram submetidos ao Inventário de Preferência Manual, ao Teste Tátil de Biseccionar Linhas (TTBL) e ao Teste Visual de Biseccionar Linhas (TVBL), com o objetivo de averiguar os efeitos da idade sobre a assimetria manual e hemiespacial através do desempenho dos mesmos. Os resultados, no TTBL, mostram que houve poucas diferenças significativas no desvio e as tendências que emergiram foram ou inconsistentes ou orientadas em direções contrárias às predições de Bowers & Heilman. Não foi identificada nenhuma divergência no grau e na direção do desempenho entre destros e canhotos. O modelo interdependente de ativação, não foi sustentado por estes achados, concluindo-se que a presente versão do TTBL não constitui uma medida válida da lateralidade desta função. Em contraste, no TVBL a pseudonegligência evidenciou-se consistentemente, sob condições específicas em todos os grupos. O modelo interdependente foi apoiado pela interação significativa existente entre as mãos e os hemicampos, em particular quando a mão esquerda partilhou as linhas no campo esquerdo e central. Não foi encontrada nenhuma divergência entre os canhotos e os destros (nas três faixas etárias), no nível e direção de desempenho no TVBL. Contudo, não existiu evidência empírica indicando que a degeneração precoce do hemisfério direito afetou a atenção visuoespacial no grupo de idosos. Por conseguinte, o modelo de assimetria invariante parece mais plausível.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)