Gletscherarchäologie. Funde aus dem Eis [Radio-Interview]

Je mehr Gletscher zum Beispiel in den Alpen schmelzen, desto mehr Fundstücke kommen ans Licht. Charlotte Grieser im Gespräch mit Albert Hafner, Professor für prähistorische Archäologie an der Universität Bern.

Biotic homogenization can decrease landscape-scale forest multifunctionality

Many experiments have shown that local biodiversity loss impairs the ability of ecosystems to maintain multiple ecosystem functions at high levels (multifunctionality). In contrast, the role of biodiversity in driving ecosystem multifunctionality at landscape scales remains unresolved. We used a comprehensive pan-European dataset, including 16 ecosystem functions measured in 209 forest plots across six European countries, and performed simulations to investigate how local plot-scale richness of tree species (α-diversity) and their turnover between plots (β-diversity) are related to landscape-scale multifunctionality. After accounting for variation in environmental conditions, we found that relationships between α-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality varied from positive to negative depending on the multifunctionality metric used. In contrast, when significant, relationships between β-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality were always positive, because a high spatial turnover in species composition was closely related to a high spatial turnover in functions that were supported at high levels. Our findings have major implications for forest management and indicate that biotic homogenization can have previously unrecognized and negative consequences for large-scale ecosystem multifunctionality.

Jack-of-all-trades effects drive biodiversity–ecosystem multifunctionality relationships in European forests

There is considerable evidence that biodiversity promotes multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality), thus ensuring the delivery of ecosystem services important for human well-being. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood, especially in natural ecosystems. We develop a novel approach to partition biodiversity effects on multifunctionality into three mechanisms and apply this to European forest data. We show that throughout Europe, tree diversity is positively related with multifunctionality when moderate levels of functioning are required, but negatively when very high function levels are desired. For two well-known mechanisms, ‘complementarity’ and ‘selection’, we detect only minor effects on multifunctionality. Instead a third, so far overlooked mechanism, the ‘jack-of-all-trades’ effect, caused by the averaging of individual species effects on function, drives observed patterns. Simulations demonstrate that jack-of-all-trades effects occur whenever species effects on different functions are not perfectly correlated, meaning they may contribute to diversity–multifunctionality relationships in many of the world’s ecosystems.

Characterization of fetal antigen 1/delta-like 1 homologue expressing cells in the rat nigrostriatal system: effects of a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion.

Fetal antigen 1/delta-like 1 homologue (FA1/dlk1) belongs to the epidermal growth factor superfamily and is considered to be a non-canonical ligand for the Notch receptor. Interactions between Notch and its ligands are crucial for the development of various tissues. Moreover, FA1/dlk1 has been suggested as a potential supplementary marker of dopaminergic neurons. The present study aimed at investigating the distribution of FA1/dlk1-immunoreactive (-ir) cells in the early postnatal and adult midbrain as well as in the nigrostriatal system of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned hemiparkinsonian adult rats. FA1/dlk1-ir cells were predominantly distributed in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta (SNc) and in the ventral tegmental area. Interestingly, the expression of FA1/dlk1 significantly increased in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-ir cells during early postnatal development. Co-localization and tracing studies demonstrated that FA1/dlk1-ir cells in the SNc were nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, and unilateral 6-OHDA lesions resulted in loss of both FA1/dlk1-ir and TH-ir cells in the SNc. Surprisingly, increased numbers of FA1/dlk1-ir cells (by 70%) were detected in dopamine-depleted striata as compared to unlesioned controls. The higher number of FA1/dlk1-ir cells was likely not due to neurogenesis as colocalization studies for proliferation markers were negative. This suggests that FA1/dlk1 was up-regulated in intrinsic cells in response to the 6-OHDA-mediated loss of FA1/dlk1-expressing SNc dopaminergic neurons and/or due to the stab wound. Our findings hint to a significant role of FA1/dlk1 in the SNc during early postnatal development. The differential expression of FA1/dlk1 in the SNc and the striatum of dopamine-depleted rats could indicate a potential involvement of FA1/dlk1 in the cellular response to the degenerative processes.

Eine Glaubens-Tragikomödie

Charlotte Stein

Text as Resistance in Holocaust Literature: Struggles for Personhood in Wiesel, Levi, and Delbo

This thesis is an examination of the memoirs of three core Holocaust writers, Elie Wiesel (Night and Day), Primo Levi (If This is A Man), and Charlotte Delbo (Auschwitz and After), exploring the ways in which each of the three authors uses his or her memoir to simultaneously document and resist the dehumanizing influence of the concentration camp experience.

Prophylactic mastectomy and oophorectomy for women at risk of breast and ovarian cancer: Incorporating preferences in a decision analysis

The discoveries of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have made it possible for women of families with hereditary breast/ovarian cancer to determine if they carry cancer-predisposing genetic mutations. Women with germline mutations have significantly higher probabilities of developing both cancers than the general population. Since the presence of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation does not guarantee future cancer development, the appropriate course of action remains uncertain for these women. Prophylactic mastectomy and oophorectomy remain controversial since the underlying premise for surgical intervention is based more upon reduction in the estimated risk of cancer than on actual evidence of clinical benefit. Issues that are incorporated in a woman's decision making process include quality of life without breasts, ovaries, attitudes toward possible surgical morbidity as well as a remaining risk of future development of breast/ovarian cancer despite prophylactic surgery. The incorporation of patient preferences into decision analysis models can determine the quality-adjusted survival of different prophylactic approaches to breast/ovarian cancer prevention. Monte Carlo simulation was conducted on 4 separate decision models representing prophylactic oophorectomy, prophylactic mastectomy, prophylactic oophorectomy/mastectomy and screening. The use of 3 separate preference assessment methods across different populations of women allows researchers to determine how quality adjusted survival varies according to clinical strategy, method of preference assessment and the population from which preferences are assessed. ^

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 11 - Korrespondenzen u.a. mit Edward M. David (p. I 6, 1-183)

1 Brief von Fritz Dannenbaum an Max Horkheimer, 26.11.1935; 2 Briefe zwischen F. Darnbacher und Max Horkheimer, 24.01.1936, 22.01.1936; 3 Briefe zwischen dem Dartmouth College Hanover N.H. und Max Horkheimer, 1939-1941. 06.05.1939; 14 Briefe zwischen Edward M. David und Max Horkheimer, 1941-1942; 1 Brief von der Day Cornell University, Ithaca N.Y. an Max Horkheimer, 24.02.1939; 2 Briefe zwischen Margaret Deaner und Max Horkheimer, 01.04.1935, 04.04.1935; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Hanna Deinhard, 05.01.1949; 1 Brief von Deiters an Max Horkheimer, 26.11.1935; 2 Briefe zwischen Laura Demick und Max Horkheimer, 22.12.1941, 29.12.1941; 2 Briefe zwischen Grace Dertz und Max Horkheimer, 18.10.1934, 11.10.1934; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Dekan, 20.06.1940; 1 Brief von Max Dessoir an Max Horkheimer, 29.08.1937; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Deutschland / deutsches Reich Minister für Wissenschaft, Kunst und Volksbildung, Berli, 21.04.1933; 4 Briefe zwischen John Dewey und Max Horkheimer, 1940-1941, 20.02.1941; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Walter Strauss, 20.02.1941; 3 Briefe zwischen Frederic Dewhurst und Max Horkheimer, 1939, 08.02.1939; 5 Briefe zwischen dem Soziograph Jul Diederich und Max Horkheimer, 1934-1938; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Hugo Sinzheimer, 20.10.1934; 15 Briefe zwischen William Dieterle, Charlotte Dieterle und Max Horkheimer, 1940-1944; 1 Brief von der Dillmann-Oberschule Stuttgart an Max Horkheimer, 13.12.1949; 1 Brief vonMax Horkheimer an W. R. Dittmar, 10.02.1938; 2 Briefe zwischen Sofie Doernberg, Paul Doernberg und Margot von Mendelssohn, 1942, 06.04.1942; 4 Briefe zwischen Willy Dörter und Max Horkheimer, 1936-1937, 20.02.1936; 1 Brief von Georg Glaser anMax Horkheimer; 3 Briefe zwischen Hans Venedey und Max Horkheimer, 22.01.1938, 1938; 28 Briefe sowie Zeitungsausschnitte zwischen Juliette Favez und Max Horkheimer, 1934-1938; 1 Brief von Juliette Favez ann karl Dörter, 02.10.1934; 2 Briefe von Max Horkheimer an Hans Klaus Brill, Januar 1938; 3 Briefe zwischen Karl Dörter und Max Horkheimer, 1934-1937, 12.10.1934; 4 Briefe zwischen Andrés Sternheim und Max Horkheimer, 1937, 16.06.1937; 1 Brief von Else Klee an Max Horkheimer, 13.06.1935;

Practisches Kochbuch

hrsg. von Charlotte Amalie Lönne

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', Spez 29 - Miniatur Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer

Auf der Rückseite von Arthur Schopenhauers Hand: "Pater meus, circa quadragesimum vitae annum.A.S.";

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 691 - Mitteilung zur finanziellen Unterstützung ihrer jüngsten Schwester Juliane Dorothea Trosiener

u.a.: Begräbnis der Mutter; Bankhaus Muhl;

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 796 - Rechtfertigung wegen erhobener Vorwürfe

u.a. Verkauf von Immobilienbesitz beim Bankhaus Muhl; Familienstreitigkeiten;

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 402 - Reisetagebuch 1

Originaltitel: "Journal einer Reise von Hamburg nach Carlsbad und von dort nach Prag; Rückreise nach Hamburg"

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 403 - Reisetagebuch 2

Gwinner, Wilhelm: Arthur Schopenhauer aus persönlichem Umgang dargestellt : ein Blick auf sein Leben, seinen Charakter und seine Werke / kritisch durchgesehen und mit einem Anhang neu herausgegeben von Charlotte von Gwinner. - Leipzig : Brockhaus, 1922. - S. 311-312

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 404 - Reisetagebuch 3

Gwinner, Wilhelm: Arthur Schopenhauer aus persönlichem Umgang dargestellt : ein Blick auf sein Leben, seinen Charakter und seine Werke / kritisch durchgesehen und mit einem Anhang neu herausgegeben von Charlotte von Gwinner. - Leipzig : Brockhaus, 1922. - S. 158-254