Voces Despliegues estéticos en la vida y obra de Mariana Varela

El presente texto es producto de la en­trevista y el diálogo, los cuales se han tor­nado en una herramienta importante en el acercamiento al artista y en una forma de la crítica para acceder a reflexiones que antes denegaba o le parecían sin importancia. La entrevista se ha convertido en una nueva forma de intermediación con el público, hecho que se ha considerado uno de los problemas fundamentales del arte contemporáneo, más aún, cuando algunos artistas desde principios de los años no­venta reinterpretan, reproducen y utilizan en sus proyectos lo que podríamos definir como productos culturales disponibles, y esto ha supuesto la inclusión en el ámbito del arte de formas anteriormente excluidas, ignoradas o simplemente despreciadas. Pero tal vez lo más importante es un maes­tro educador hablando de su experiencia en el aula o el taller.

“2 Mundos”, o corpo das palavras : dramaturgia do corpo com a Cia. Mariana Muniz de Dança e Teatro

O que pode vir a ser material dramatúrgico em dança? Onde o corpo se ancora para criá-lo? Como o artista faz o trânsito deste para a pesquisa de movimento? E, por fim, como cria a dramaturgia do corpo na cena? Para responder a estas questões norteadoras desta pesquisa busquei o solo fértil de investigação da Cia. Mariana Muniz de Dança e Teatro. Para a fundamentação, descrição e análise, foi eleito o processo de remontagem de “2 Mundos”, criação coreográfica que integrou à exposição fotográfica Trajetória(s) Mariana Muniz – quem, aliás, abriu a Mostra de Fomento à Dança de São Paulo (Brasil), em 2015, com a apresentação do mesmo. Assim, parti para o acompanhamento e observação dos ensaios da artista. Utilizei-me de anotações em um caderno de campo e vídeos. Discussões, trocas e diálogo com a mesma sobre seu caminho para a criação e, posterior, remontagem do espetáculo foram de singular importância para o direcionamento do meu olhar buscador. Sentimos, ao longo do processo, a necessidade de realizar uma entrevista que apontasse, assim, maiores detalhes sobre seu caminhar para este trabalho. Encontramos quatro “práticas” que serviram de treino corporal à artista: Gerda Alexander e a Eutonia, Rudolf Steiner e seu pensamento sobre a Antroposofia que criou a Euritmia; o T`ai Chi Chuan e o Yoga. Para Mariana Muniz “entrar no lugar da criação” requer ferramentas ora da dança ora do teatro ou, ainda, de ambas. Desta forma, Grotowski, referência indicada pela artista, permitiu um rico intercâmbio entre a dança e o teatro por uma dramaturga do corpo. “2 Mundos”, cujo registro em vídeo acompanha esta dissertação, é um convite ao universo da LIBRAS (Língua Brasileira de Sinais). Para surdos e ouvintes, neste espetáculo, a palavra ganha corpo e Mariana Muniz nos oferece com delicadeza sua diferença enquanto artista do movimento.

Frente a todos nuestros miedos: la única mujer rebelde es la que arde : Enríquez, Mariana (2016): Las cosas que perdimos en el fuego. Buenos Aires, Anagrama, pp. 199

Fil: Cabral, Celeste. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Juan de Mariana. Heredero de la escuela de Salamanca y precursor del liberalismo

Juan de Mariana (1536-1624) fue un autor español de la orden de los jesuitas que destacó por escribir el primer libro moderno de historia de España. Por encargo del rey Felipe II, publicó en latín Historia de rebus Hispaniae en 1592 y su propia traducción al español con el título Historia general de España en 1601. Esta investigación doctoral tiene como objetivo analizar sus principales obras de economía política De Rege et Regis Institutione (1599) y De Monetae Mutatione (1609), junto con su obra histórica, para contestar dos cuestiones importantes: si Juan de Mariana perteneció a la Escuela de Salamanca y, también, si podría considerarse un precursor del liberalismo que influyó en autores de los siglos XVII y XVIII. Con el objetivo de responder a la primera cuestión, la investigación propone dos agrupaciones posibles de los escolásticos tardíos españoles que permiten analizar en su conjunto las instituciones y los principios que defendieron. La primera clasificación agrupa a los autores en función de su vinculación a la Universidad de Salamanca y del uso del derecho de gentes (que es el derecho consuetudinario o “common law” inglés) y se denomina Escuela de Salamanca. Sin embargo, la segunda clasificación agrupa a los autores como un colectivo más amplio que fusiona la Escuela de Salamanca junto con los autores españoles sobre los que influyó y que, rápidamente, se extendió a todas las universidades españolas (Palencia, Valladolid, Alcalá de Henares, Valencia, Sevilla), vinculados por el uso genérico del derecho natural (como referirse a lo que “existe con independencia de la voluntad humana”); que emplearon en la identificaron de las instituciones y de los principios responsables del funcionamiento del orden de mercado o económico como, entre otros, los derechos de propiedad, los contratos privados, el comercio internacional, el principio de consentimiento, los principios tributarios, el precio del mercado, el origen del dinero y sus funciones, la necesidad de equilibrio en los presupuestos públicos, los impuestos bajos y el mínimo endeudamiento, el principio de la preferencia temporal, la tasa de interés de los préstamos, la importancia de las letras de crédito… Se han comparado las instituciones que defendió el padre Mariana con aquellas que argumentaron los autores de la Escuela de Salamanca, llegando a la conclusión de que no pertenece a la Escuela de Salamanca de Economía (ESE) porque no emplea el derecho de gentes y nunca estudió en la Universidad de Salamanca pero que, sin embargo, sí puede considerarse un heredero de la misma y que, de hecho, constituye uno de los máximos exponentes de un conjunto más amplio, denominado Escuela Española de Economía (EEE)...

Desafios Para A Implementação Do Processo De Projeto Colaborativo: Análise Do Fator Humano

The ineffectiveness of current design processes has been well studied and has resulted in widespread calls for the evolution and development of new management processes. Perhaps one problem is that with the advent of BIM we are moving from one stage to another without necessarily having resolved all the issues. CAD design technology, if well handled, could have significantly raised the level of quality and efficiency of current processes, but in practice this was not fully realized. Therefore, technology alone can´t solve all the problems and the advent of BIM could result in a similar bottleneck. For a precise definition of the problem to be solved we should start by understanding what are the main current bottlenecks that have yet to be overcome by either new technologies or management processes, and the impact of human behavior related issues despite the advent of new technologies. The fragmented and dispersed nature of the AEC sector and the huge number of small organizations that comprise it would probably be a major limiting factor. Several authors have addressed this issue and more recently IDDS has been defined as the highest level of achievement. However, what is written on IDDS shows an extremely ideal situation on a state to be achieved; it shows a holistic utopian proposition with the intent to create the research agenda to move towards that state. Key to IDDS is the framing of a new management model which should address the problems associated with key aspects: technology, processes, policies and people. One of the primary areas to be further studied is the process of collaborative work and understanding, together with the development of proposals to overcome the many cultural barriers that currently exist and impede the advance of new management methods. The purpose of this paper is to define and delimit problems to be solved so that it is possible to implement a new management model for a collaborative design process.

Anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity of pentadactylin isolated from Leptodactylus labyrinthicus on melanoma cells

Nowadays, the emergence of resistance to the current available chemotherapeutic drugs by cancer cells makes the development of new agents imperative. The skin secretion of amphibians is a natural rich source of antimicrobial peptides (AMP), and researchers have shown that some of these wide spectrum molecules are also toxic to cancer cells. The aim of this study was to verify a putative anticancer activity of the AMP pentadactylin isolated for the first time from the skin secretion of the frog Leptodactylus labyrinthicus and also to study its cytotoxic mechanism to the murine melanoma cell line B16F10. The results have shown that pentadactylin reduces the cell viability of B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It was also cytotoxic to normal human fibroblast cells; nevertheless, pentadactylin was more potent in the first case. The studies of action mechanism revealed that pentadactylin causes cell morphology alterations (e.g., round shape and shrinkage morphology), membrane disruption, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest at the S phase, and alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting that B16F10 cells die by apoptosis. The exact mechanism that causes reduction of cell viability and cytotoxicity after treatment with pentadactylin is still unknown. In conclusion, as cancer cells become resilient to death, it is worthwhile the discovery of new drugs such as pentadactylin that induces apoptosis.

The crude skin secretion of the pepper frog leptodactylus labyrinthicus is rich in metallo and serine peptidases

Peptidases are ubiquitous enzymes involved in diverse biological processes. Fragments from bioactive peptides have been found in skin secretions from frogs, and their presence suggests processing by peptidases. Thus, the aim of this work was to characterize the peptidase activity present in the skin secretion of Leptodactylus labyrinthicus. Zymography revealed the presence of three bands of gelatinase activity of approximately 60 kDa, 66 kDa, and 80 kDa, which the first two were calcium-dependent. These three bands were inhibited either by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phenathroline; thus, they were characterized as metallopeptidases. Furthermore, the proteolytic enzymes identified were active only at pH 6.0–10.0, and their activity increased in the presence of CHAPS or NaCl. Experiments with fluorogenic substrates incubated with skin secretions identified aminopeptidase activity, with cleavage after leucine, proline, and alanine residues. This activity was directly proportional to the protein concentration, and it was inhibited in the presence of metallo and serine peptidase inhibitors. Besides, the optimal pH for substrate cleavage was determined to be 7.0–8.0. The results of the in gel activity assay showed that all substrates were hydrolyzed by a 45 kDa peptidase. Gly-Pro-AMC was also cleaved by a peptidase greater than 97 kDa. The data suggest the presence of dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs) and metallopeptidases; however, further research is necessary. In conclusion, our work will help to elucidate the implication of these enzymatic activities in the processing of the bioactive peptides present in frog venom, expanding the knowledge of amphibian biology.

Leaving family behind: Understanding the irregular migration of unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors - A qualitative study

This qualitative study investigated the drivers and determinants of irregular maritime migration among 17 protection visa holders who arrived in Australia as unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with eight non-government service providers working with unaccompanied minors in the Greater Brisbane area.

Unpredictability, invisibility and vulnerability: Unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors’ journeys to Australia

This qualitative study investigated the refugee journey of 17 males who arrived in Australia as unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors between 2009 and 2013, and were granted protection visas. The paper focuses on the four conceptual challenges of refugee journeys, as identified recently by BenEzer and Zetter: temporal characteristics; drivers and destinations; the process/content of the journey; and the characteristics of the wayfarers. The findings indicate that their mental journey has not yet ended and transcends the physical departure-arrival voyage. Although the primary drivers for the refugee journey were protection reasons, their desire to find a “better life” free from violence and exclusion also played an important role. The irregular character of the journey made it highly unpredictable, exposed these minors to extreme levels of vulnerability and the need to remain invisible, prompted short lived friendships with other asylum seekers, and created a pervasive feeling of mistrust towards smugglers and other people they met along the way. The study has highlighted the need for interventions to protect unaccompanied minors during their refugee journey.

Tree mortality and deadwood dynamics in late-successional boreal forests

Here I aimed at quantifying the main components of deadwood dynamics, i.e. tree mortality, deadwood pools, and their decomposition, in late-successional boreal forests. I focused on standing dead trees in three stand types dominated by Picea mariana and Abies balsamea in eastern Canada, and on standing and down dead trees in Picea abies-dominated stands in three areas in Northern Europe. Dead and living trees were measured on five sample plots of 1.6-ha size in each study area and stand type. Stem disks from dead trees were sampled to determine wood density and year of death, using dendrochronological methods. The results were applied to reconstruct past tree mortality and to model deadwood decay class dynamics. Site productivity, stand developmental stage, and the occurrence of episodic tree mortality influenced deadwood volume and quality. In all study areas tree mortality was continuous, leading to continuity in deadwood decay stage distribution. Episodic tree mortality due to either autogenic or allogenic causes influenced deadwood volume and quality in all but one study area. However, regardless of productivity and disturbance history deadwood was abundant, accounting for 20 53% of total wood volume in European study areas, and 15 27% of total standing volume in eastern Canada. Deadwood was a persistent structural component, since its expected residence time in early- and midstages of decay was 18 yr even in the area with the most rapid decomposition. The results indicated that in the absence of episodic tree mortality, stands may eventually develop to a steady state, in which deadwood volume fluctuates around an equilibrium state. However, in many forests deadwood is naturally variable, due to recurrent moderate-severity disturbances. This variability, the continuous tree mortality, and variation in rates of wood decomposition determine the dynamics and availability of deadwood as a habitat and carbon storage medium in boreal coniferous forest ecosystems.

Feasibility of a stepped wedge cluster RCT and concurrent observational sub-study to evaluate the effects of modified ward night lighting on inpatient fall rates and sleep quality: A protocol for a pilot trial

Background: Falls among hospitalised patients impose a considerable burden on health systems globally and prevention is a priority. Some patient-level interventions have been effective in reducing falls, but others have not. An alternative and promising approach to reducing inpatient falls is through the modification of the hospital physical environment and the night lighting of hospital wards is a leading candidate for investigation. In this pilot trial, we will determine the feasibility of conducting a main trial to evaluate the effects of modified night lighting on inpatient ward level fall rates. We will test also the feasibility of collecting novel forms of patient level data through a concurrent observational sub-study. Methods/design: A stepped wedge, cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted in six inpatient wards over 14 months in a metropolitan teaching hospital in Brisbane (Australia). The intervention will consist of supplementary night lighting installed across all patient rooms within study wards. The planned placement of luminaires, configurations and spectral characteristics are based on prior published research and pre-trial testing and modification. We will collect data on rates of falls on study wards (falls per 1000 patient days), the proportion of patients who fall once or more, and average length of stay. We will recruit two patients per ward per month to a concurrent observational sub-study aimed at understanding potential impacts on a range of patient sleep and mobility behaviour. The effect on the environment will be monitored with sensors to detect variation in light levels and night-time room activity. We will also collect data on possible patient-level confounders including demographics, pre-admission sleep quality, reported vision, hearing impairment and functional status. Discussion: This pragmatic pilot trial will assess the feasibility of conducting a main trial to investigate the effects of modified night lighting on inpatient fall rates using several new methods previously untested in the context of environmental modifications and patient safety. Pilot data collected through both parts of the trial will be utilised to inform sample size calculations, trial design and final data collection methods for a subsequent main trial.