Die jüdischen Religionsphilosophen des Mittelalters oder Uebersetzungen der seit dem zehnten Jahrhundert verfaßten jüdischen Religionsphilosophien

mitgetheilt von Julius Fürst

Judenthum und Christenthum im Zeitalter der apokryphischen und neutestamentlichen Literatur

von Heinr. Holtzmann

Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels

von J. Wellhausen

Jüden Spiegel, zur Meßkram gemeiner Thalmudischer Jüdenschafft : Allen, vnnd Jeden Hohen, vnd Nidern Stands Obrigkeiten vor eine Prob: Allen, vnd jeden Amptsverwaltern, Richtern, vnd Rähten vor eine Handhab: Allen, vnd jeden ... vor ein Exempel vnd Spiegel, dargestellet

Recensente Vespasiano Rechtano [d.i. Johann Baptist Caesar]

Israelitische und jüdische Geschichte

von J. Wellhausen

Italian Hebrew Literature

by Sabato Morais. Ed. by Julius H. Greenstone. With a foreword by Henry Morais

Das Buch Jesaia : nach dem Forschungssystem Rabbiner Samson Raphael Hirschs

übers. und erläutert von Julius Hirsch

Birkhat ḥanukah : eine Melodie der Chanukkab'rocho

von Friesländer

2 deutsche Lieder : für gemischten Chor ; zum Gebrauche beim öffentlichen Gottesdienste während der Seelenfeier ; op. 15 & 16

componirt von Osias Hochglück. Gedicht von Julius Sturm

Das Buch der Weisheit des Jesus Sirach (Josua ben Sira) in seinem Verhältniss zur den salomonischen Sprüchen und seiner historischen Bedeutung

Halle-Wittenberg, Univ., Diss., 1883

Is dosing of therapeutic immunoglobulins optimal? A review of a three-decade long debate in europe.

The consumption of immunoglobulins (Ig) is increasing due to better recognition of antibody deficiencies, an aging population, and new indications. This review aims to examine the various dosing regimens and research developments in the established and in some of the relevant off-label indications in Europe. The background to the current regulatory settings in Europe is provided as a backdrop for the latest developments in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies and in immunomodulatory indications. In these heterogeneous areas, clinical trials encompassing different routes of administration, varying intervals, and infusion rates are paving the way toward more individualized therapy regimens. In primary antibody deficiencies, adjustments in dosing and intervals will depend on the clinical presentation, effective IgG trough levels and IgG metabolism. Ideally, individual pharmacokinetic profiles in conjunction with the clinical phenotype could lead to highly tailored treatment. In practice, incremental dosage increases are necessary to titrate the optimal dose for more severely ill patients. Higher intravenous doses in these patients also have beneficial immunomodulatory effects beyond mere IgG replacement. Better understanding of the pharmacokinetics of Ig therapy is leading to a move away from simplistic "per kg" dosing. Defective antibody production is common in many secondary immunodeficiencies irrespective of whether the causative factor was lymphoid malignancies (established indications), certain autoimmune disorders, immunosuppressive agents, or biologics. This antibody failure, as shown by test immunization, may be amenable to treatment with replacement Ig therapy. In certain immunomodulatory settings [e.g., idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)], selection of patients for Ig therapy may be enhanced by relevant biomarkers in order to exclude non-responders and thus obtain higher response rates. In this review, the developments in dosing of therapeutic immunoglobulins have been limited to high and some medium priority indications such as ITP, Kawasaki' disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, myasthenia gravis, multifocal motor neuropathy, fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, fetal hemolytic anemia, and dermatological diseases.