Cultivo consorciado de aveia e ervilhaca: relação C/N da fitomassa e produtividade do milho em sucessão

A aveia e a ervilhaca são as principais culturas de cobertura de solo utilizadas durante o inverno na região sul do Brasil. O cultivo consorciado dessas duas espécies, estratégia ainda pouco utilizada, pode potencialmente resultar numa fitomassa com relação C/N mais equilibrada do que aquela proveniente das culturas solteiras, bem como proporcionar resíduos culturais que atuem, simultaneamente, na proteção do solo contra os agentes erosivos e no suprimento de N ao milho. Com o objetivo de avaliar esta hipótese, realizou-se este trabalho, durante o ano agrícola de 1992/93, em área do Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, num Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico (Hapludalf). Os tratamentos constaram de diferentes proporções de densidade de semeadura de ervilhaca comum (E) e aveia preta (A): T1: 100% E (80 kg ha-1de sementes); T2: 90% E (72 kg ha-1) + 10% A (8 kg ha-1); T3: 75% E (60 kg ha-1) + 25% A (20 kg ha-1); T4: 50% E (40 kg ha-1) + 50% A (40 kg ha-1); T5: 25% E (20 kg ha-1) + 75% A (60 kg ha-1) e T6: 100% A (80 kg ha-1). Além desses, foram utilizados dois tratamentos, nos quais o solo permaneceu em pousio durante o inverno: no primeiro tratamento, foram aplicados 75 kg ha-1 de N-uréia no milho (T7) e, no segundo, a cultura foi plantada sem adubação nitrogenada (T8). Em sucessão à ervilhaca como cultura solteira, com relação C/N de 13,5, a produtividade de grãos de milho chegou a 5,44 t ha-1, não diferindo do tratamento em pousio com aplicação de N-uréia. Todavia, a ervilhaca foi rapidamente decomposta e, seis meses após o seu manejo, apenas 19,5% da fitomassa inicial encontrava-se na superfície do solo. Com a inclusão da aveia em consórcio com a ervilhaca ocorreu um aumento gradativo na relação C/N da fitomassa, diminuindo o fornecimento de N ao milho e aumentando a persistência dos resíduos culturais. O consórcio que apresentou melhor equilíbrio entre produção de fitomassa, proteção do solo pelos resíduos culturais e fornecimento de N ao milho foi o que continha 10% de aveia + 90% de ervilhaca (relação C/N = 18,6).

A double-quadrature radiofrequency coil design for proton-decoupled carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in humans at 7T

Purpose Carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-MRS) is challenging because of the inherent low sensitivity of 13C detection and the need for radiofrequency transmission at the 1H frequency while receiving the 13C signal, the latter requiring electrical decoupling of the 13C and 1H radiofrequency channels. In this study, we added traps to the 13C coil to construct a quadrature-13C/quadrature-1H surface coil, with sufficient isolation between channels to allow simultaneous operation at both frequencies without compromise in coil performance. Methods Isolation between channels was evaluated on the bench by measuring all coupling parameters. The quadrature mode of the quadrature-13C coil was assessed using in vitro 23Na gradient echo images. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was measured on the glycogen and glucose resonances by 13C-MRS in vitro, compared with that obtained with a linear-13C/quadrature-1H coil, and validated by 13C-MRS in vivo in the human calf at 7T. Results Isolation between channels was better than â^'30 dB. The 23Na gradient echo images indicate a region where the field is strongly circularly polarized. The quadrature coil provided an SNR enhancement over a linear coil of 1.4, in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion It is feasible to construct a double-quadrature 13C-1H surface coil for proton decoupled sensitivity enhanced 13C-NMR spectroscopy in humans at 7T. Magn Reson Med, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Una lectura de la Llei 10/2001, de 13 de juliol, d'arxius i documents

S'analitza el procés d'elaboració de la nova Llei d'arxius destacant les principals modificacions que recull el text definitiu en relació al projecte. Es comenten també els punts més destacats de la Llei al voltant de tres eixos principals: la definició del Sistema d'Arxius de Catalunya, el sistema de gestió documental i l'accés als documents del patrimoni documental català.

Cystatin C as a marker of early changes of renal function in Fabry nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: A sensitive, feasible and reproducible marker for renal function is necessary to evaluate the clinical efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in Fabry nephropathy. Serum creatinine has some limitations and cystatin C has been proposed, in other nephropathies, as a useful marker of renal function. The use of cystatin C as a marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was investigated in Fabry patients receiving ERT. METHODS: Renal function was evaluated with serum creatinine, serum cystatin C and estimated GFR (through Modification of Diet in Renal Disease [MDRD], Cockcroft-Gault [C&G] and Hoek formulae) in 21 Fabry patients receiving ERT with agalsidase alfa for 3 years and in 13 Fabry patients receiving agalsidase alfa for 4 years. RESULTS: During years of ERT while serum creatinine remained stable, cystatin C values showed a significant, increasing trend right from the first year of ERT. CONCLUSIONS: In Fabry disease, cystatin C is a sensitive and reliable marker of renal function, and it should be taken into account when evaluating GFR trends during ERT.

Glomerular filtration rate: measure creatinine and height rather than cystatin C!

AIM: Inulin clearance (Cin) is the gold standard for assessing glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Other methods are based on the plasma creatinine concentration (Pcreat), creatinine clearance (Ccreat), the Haycock-Schwartz formula and the plasma concentration of cystatin C (PcysC), a 13 kDa basic protein produced at a constant rate by all nucleated cells. The present prospective study was thus designed to evaluate the reliability of PcysC as a marker of GFR in comparison with that of Pcreat, Ccreat and the Haycock-Schwartz formula, using Cin as the gold standard. METHODS: Ninety-nine children (51 m/48 f), with a median age of 8.3 y (1.0-17.9) were studied. Using a cut-off for Cin of 100 ml/min per 1.73 m2, 54 children (54.5%) had impaired GFR. Those with normal GFR were comparable for age, height, weight and body mass index. RESULTS: Logistic regression, ROC analysis and linear regression all showed that Ccreat was the best parameter to discriminate between impaired and normal GFR, followed by the Haycock-Schwartz formula, PcysC, and finally Pcreat, each one being significantly more predictive than the next. CONCLUSION: GFR is better assessed by the Haycock-Schwartz formula than by PcysC or Pcreat alone. It is therefore concluded that when urine collection is not possible, simply measuring the child's Pcreat and height is the best, easiest and cheapest way to assess GFR.

Informe sobre la Jornada de presentació de la Llei 10/2001, de 13 de juliol, d'arxius i documents (Escola d'Administració Pública de Catalunya. Barcelona, 17 de gener de 2002)

El 17 de gener de 2002, l'Escola d'Administració Pública de Catalunya, el Servei d'Arxius de la Direcció General de Patrimoni Cultural de la Generalitat de Catalunya i l'Associació d'Arxivers de Catalunya (AAC) van organitzar una jornada de divulgació, reflexió i debat sobre la Llei 10/2002, de 13 de juliol, d'arxius i documents. L'objectiu de la Jornada era donar a conèixer als professionals dels arxius aquesta llei i es va centrar a analitzar-ne l'abast, la incidència i les implicacions més rellevants. Emmarcada en la línia de la formació interdepartamental de l'Escola d'Administració Pública de Catalunya, la Jornada tenia com a destinataris els arxivers de l'Administració de la Generalitat de Catalunya, de l'Administració local i d'altres institucions públiques.

Decrease in the prevalence of hepatitis B and a low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infections in the general population of the Seychelles.

A serological survey of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections was carried out on a random sex- and age-stratified sample of 1006 individuals aged 25-64 years in the Seychelles islands. Anti-HBc and anti-HCV antibodies were detected using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), followed by a Western blot assay in the case of a positive result for anti-HCV. The age-adjusted seroprevalence of anti-HBc antibodies was 8.0% (95% CI: 6.5-9.9%) and the percentage prevalence among males/females increased from 7.0/3.1 to 19.1/13.4 in the age groups 25-34 to 55-64 years, respectively. Two men and three women were positive for anti-HCV antibodies, with an age-adjusted seroprevalence of 0.34% (95% CI: 0.1-0.8%). Two out of these five subjects who were positive for anti-HCV also had anti-HBc antibodies. The seroprevalence of anti-HBc was significantly higher in unskilled workers, persons with low education, and heavy drinkers. The age-specific seroprevalence of anti-HBc in this population-based survey, which was conducted in 1994, was approximately three times lower than in a previous patient-based survey carried out in 1979. Although there are methodological differences between the two surveys, it is likely that the substantial decrease in anti-HBc prevalence during the last 15 years may be due to significant socioeconomic development and the systematic screening of blood donors since 1981. Because hepatitis C virus infections are serious and the cost of treatment is high, the fact that the prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies is at present low should not be an argument for not screening blood donors for anti-HCV and eliminating those who are positive.

NMR and LC-MSn characterisation of two minor saponins from Ilex paraguariensis.

Two minor saponins obtained from the methanolic extract of the leaves of Ilex paraguariensis have been characterised by 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, API-MS and chemical hydrolysis as oleanolic acid-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)-(28-->1)- beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (guaiacin B) and oleanolic acid-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-->2))-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)-(28-->1)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (nudicaucin C). Both are isomeric forms of the known matesaponins 1 (MSP 1) and 2 (MSP 2) and differ only by the nature of the aglycone: they have oleanolic acid instead of ursolic acid, as found in the matesaponins. These minor saponins have not been fully separated from their major isomers MSP 1 and 2 and were characterised by in-mixture NMR analysis, LC-MS and LC-MSn experiments.

La vie privée d'autrefois : arts et métiers, modes, moeurs, usages des Parisiens, du XIIe au XVIIIe siècle. 13 / d'après des documents originaux ou inédits par Alfred Franklin,...

Comprend : Séjour de Paris, c'est-à-dire instructions fidèles pour les voiageurs de condition, comment ils se doivent conduire, s'ils veulent faire un bon usage de leur tems et argent durant leur séjour à Paris / par le Sr J. C. Nemeitz

Systematic trends in self-consistent calculations of linear quantum wires

Systematic trends in the properties of a linear split-gate heterojunction are studied by solving iteratively the Poisson and Schrödinger equations for different gate potentials and temperatures. A two-dimensional approximation is presented that is much simpler in the numerical implementation and that accurately reproduces all significant trends. In deriving this approximation, we provide a rigorous and quantitative basis for the formulation of models that assumes a two-dimensional character for the electron gas at the junction.

Density-functional calculations of magnetoplasmons in quantum rings

We have studied the structure and dipole charge-density response of nanorings as a function of the magnetic field using local-spin-density-functional theory. Two small rings consisting of 12 and 22 electrons confined by a positively charged background are used to represent the cases of narrow and wide rings. The results are qualitatively compared with experimental data existing on microrings and on antidots. A smaller ring containing five electrons is also analyzed to allow for a closer comparison with a recent experiment on a two-electron quantum ring.

Reliure de : M. Annaei Lucani pharsalia, sive de bello civili Caesaris et Pompeii lib. X. Ex emendatione V.C. Hug : Grotii.

[La guerre civile (latin). 1626]

Helium in polygonal nanopores at zero temperature: Density functional theory calculations

We investigate adsorption of helium in nanoscopic polygonal pores at zero temperature using a finite-range density functional theory. The adsorption potential is computed by means of a technique denoted as the elementary source method. We analyze a rhombic pore with Cs walls, where we show the existence of multiple interfacial configurations at some linear densities, which correspond to metastable states. Shape transitions and hysterectic loops appear in patterns which are richer and more complex than in a cylindrical tube with the same transverse area.