924 resultados para Building Simulation, Future Weather Data, Global Warming


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Um dos problemas ambientais mais discutidos atualmente no cenário mundial são o aquecimento global e suas implicações. Apesar de o efeito estufa ser um fenômeno natural, o aumento nas emissões de gases como o CO2 proveniente do processo de combustão, pode favorecer o seu agravamento. Seguindo essa vertente, existe o interesse na realização de pesquisas para minimizar a liberação deste gás na atmosfera. Este trabalho, tem por finalidade estudar o processo de absorção do dióxido de carbono pela fase aquosa do resíduo de bauxita (soda e íons dissolvidos em solução) em torre de aspersão e em torre de selas randômicas (ambas em escala piloto), bem como verificar a alteração do pH nesse processo de absorção para ambas as torres. Avaliar a alteração do pH e a capacidade de absorção do CO2 , considerando as seguintes variáveis: O tipo de torre de absorção, o uso do sobrenadante como meio absorvente e o uso da suspensão aquecida por resistências. Os resultados mostraram que a suspensão do resíduo de bauxita absorveu quantidade significativa de CO2 , tanto na torre de aspersão quanto na torre de selas. A taxa de absorção média ficou em torno de 8,42% para a torre de aspersão e 9,34% para a torre de selas. A capacidade de carbonatação da suspensão à 27%-p ficou em torno de 33,3 Kg CO2 por tonelada de resíduo e houve uma redução substancial da alcalinidade do resíduo através da reação com os efluentes gasosos, com uma diminuição média de 4,0 e 3,5 unidades de pH para a torre de selas e de aspersão respectivamente.

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A região amazônica tem sido submetida a contínuo desflorestamento e expansão do uso da terra, para a implantação de atividades como pecuária, exploração madeireira, agricultura, mineração e urbanização. A queima e a decomposição da biomassa da floresta liberam gases que contribuem para o efeito estufa, como o dióxido de carbono (CO2). Nesse contexto, surge o interesse em avaliar a dinâmica do efluxo de CO2 do solo na Amazônia, em especial em sistemas agroflorestais de palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis), visto o destaque da produção dessa cultura no estado do Pará, que teve uma razoável expansão, transformando o estado do Pará em um dos maiores plantadores e produtores do país. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a dinâmica do efluxo de CO2 do solo em sistemas agroflorestais onde a palma de óleo é a cultura principal, na escala temporal e os fatores bióticos e abióticos que influenciam diretamente neste processo. Foram quantificados os carbono da biomassa microbiana do solo, carbono total do solo, respiração microbiana do solo, raízes finas do solo e zona de influência das espécies; e os fatores abióticos: umidade e temperatura do solo, em dois sistemas agroflorestais de cultivo de palma de óleo, o sistema adubadeiras e o sistema biodiverso. As medições foram feitas nos períodos seco e no chuvoso. Os resultados mostraram que o maior efluxo de CO2 do solo ocorreu no período chuvoso, provavelmente devido à maior atividade microbiana nesse período influenciada por fatores climáticos aliados a fatores bióticos. O sistema biodiverso apresentou maior efluxo de CO2 do solo do que o sistema adubadeiras, provavelmente devido à maior atividade biológica no solo nesse sistema. O efluxo de CO2 do solo não mostrou correlação forte com as variáveis testadas. Pôde-se concluir que o efluxo de CO2 do solo sofreu influencia apenas da sazonalidade climática. O fato da área de plantio ser muito jovem pode ser um fator determinante para que não tenha sido encontrada relação mais forte da respiração do solo com as variáveis analisadas.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

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Soil organic matter (SOM) constitutes an important reservoir of terrestrial carbon and can be considered an alternative for atmospheric carbon storage, contributing to global warming mitigation. Soil management can favor atmospheric carbon incorporation into SUM or its release from SOM to atmosphere. Thus, the evaluation of the humification degree (HD), which is an indication of the recalcitrance of SOM, can provide an estimation of the capacity of carbon sequestration by soils under various managements. The HD of SOM can be estimated by using various analytical techniques including fluorescence spectroscopy. In the present work, the potential of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to estimate the HD of SUM was evaluated for the first time. Intensities of emission lines of Al, Mg and Ca from LIBS spectra showing correlation with fluorescence emissions determined by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) reference technique were used to obtain a multivaried calibration model based on the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) method. The values predicted by the proposed model (A-LIBS) showed strong correlation with LIFS results with a Pearson's coefficient of 0.87. The HD of SUM obtained after normalizing A-LIBS by total carbon in the sample showed a strong correlation to that determined by LIFS (0.94), thus suggesting the great potential of LIBS for this novel application. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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The energy is considered one of the most important elements in the human´s life providing the survival as well as the well being. Nowadays, the technologies destined to generate power burn fossil fuels which pour gases (carbon dioxide among them) that contribute to the global warming phenomenon. Several research groups and universities have been studying different methods for generating power with low carbon dioxide emissions, including the possibility of burning zero-carbon fuels. In this text, it has been put attention to the Advanced Zero Emission Power Plants (AZEP) which separate the CO2 (from the gases involved in the power generation), compress it, dehydrate it and store it in appropriate reservoirs. The goal of this study was to find a possible solution to produce CO from CO2, activated by solar energy; the reaction between CO and steam generates a syngas comprised of H2 and CO2, which can be separated by chemical and/or physical processes. The text also contains a study concerning the compressed air energy storage power plant (CAES) and come up with its modification to C[CO2]ES. This power plant stores CO2 directing it to a reverse combustion process to produce CO which is headed to a syngas reactor to produce CO2 and H2. Hydrogen is separated and carried to the thermal cycle to generate power with low carbon emissions

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Smart grids are the focus of major study today because of the necessity of modernization in electrical systems and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions that increases global warming. Reaching the best deployment method, you must first of all know the current electrical system and how to use them for the benefit of this new technology. Preparing the action plan we should be aware of the main points of smart grids in each step of the electricity system - generation, transmission and distribution. Analyzed these topics, this work will focus on the first step in the implementation of the smart grids: the smart meters, tool which is already being implemented in Brazil. The main characteristics and applications of these devices, as well as their communication structure with the core distributors will be showed during the paper. Finally, we present a case study which will be discussed and analyzed based in the results obtained with the implementation of smart meters in the city of Vancouver, Canada, where we have a considerable savings already in the first year, with fully paying the initial investment and still have a profit

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One of the biggest environmental problems of today is the climate change. Experts affirm that this global warming is related to the greenhouse effect. Its causes are directly related to human activity, especially the use of fossil fuels. In this context, companies around the world are challenged to improve energy efficiency in order to reduce the environmental impact and work toward the so-called tripod of sustainable development that focuses on the social, economic and environmental aspects of a business strategy. The first step a company can make in this regard is to conduct an inventory of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The reduction of GHG emissions in a refinery can be achieved by replacing steam turbines with electric motors to drive big machines, this reduction is achieved by relieving the steam consumption for electric power available or purchased. An important aspect associated with the reduction of GHG emissions is the best performance of the Energy Intensity Index (ERI). The objective of this study was to analyze the feasibility of the blower motorization in the regenerative cycle of a fluidized catalytic cracking unit at a specific refinery. For development work, two methods were used, the initial screening and optimization scenarios with the help of software Butyl. The results indicate that after a certain cost of natural gas this substitution becomes favorable. In addition, there is a large reduction of CO2 emissions avoided by burning fuel

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The dairy sector has undergone considerable economic losses due to low fertility rates due to adverse effects of heat stress on reproduction of cows. Genetic selection for increased production, coupled with the expanding dairy to tropical areas of the planet, and global warming has further aggravated the problem of heat stress. The effects of heat stress are multifactorial and act directly or indirectly at various levels of reproductive tissues, resulting in low fertility of cows, which in practice, results in reduced reproductive efficiency in the property, reducing the producers’ profit. Some strategies related to breeding biotechnology such as fixed-time artificial insemination, embryo transfer and use of BST, can minimize these effects and improve the reproductive efficiency of the herd

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The use of biomass as an energy source has been increasing in Brazil, with emphasis on the use of wood biomass, such as bark, wood chips and sawdust, that after receiving the appropriate treatment can be used in burners for power generation. However, from this burning are emitted fine particles known as particulate matter and a wide range of toxic organic and inorganic components in the form of gases that contribute greatly to air pollution and global warming, affecting human health, the environment and climate. The objective of this project was the quantification of gaseous and particulate, using and evaluating the equipment DR4000 ( Dataram 4 ) sampling of particulates smaller than 2.5μm and EUROTRON ( Ecoline 4000 ) when sampling gaseous pollutants, emitted from the burning of biomass in real time in the firing burner to a chimney attached biomass . We note that there are no specific rules that establish emission limits for particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5μm that are most harmful to human health and the highest concentrations reached about 800000μg/m3, for smaller diameters. It is noticeable the need for sampling of pollutants especially in industries that use biomass to fuel that could be implanted emission control equipment