La imagen de Barbación en las "Res Gestae" de Amiano Marcelino1

Este artículo analiza uno de los personajes secundarios más relevantes de las Res Gestae (RG) de Amiano Marcelino, el magister peditum Barbación. El historiador presenta a Barbación como un ser infame: colaborador en la muerte de Galo, cobarde, arrogante y desleal con Juliano durante la campaña militar del 357, delator de falsedades ante Constancio, merecedor de una muerte indigna. Sin embargo, un estudio de conjunto de los pasajes de Res Gestae, tomando como apoyo metodológico las técnicas de argumentación aplicadas al retrato y el concepto de ‘argumentación implícita’ de Sabbah 1978 y los métodos de caracterización de personajes de Pauw 1977, corrige esta visión comúnmente aceptada y demuestra la parcialidad del historiador. Así mismo se pone de manifiesto que el personaje, como otros actantes secundarios en las RG, es una réplica del carácter de Constancio II.

Immanuel Kant, 1724-1804

Dr. Jacob Reineggs ... Allgemeine historisch-topographische beschreibung des Kaukasus.

Vol. 2 has subtitle: Nebst einer abhandlung des verfassers gegen die vermuthung, dass noch ueberbleibsel der alten Gothen in der Krim ... vorhanden seyn sollten ... und der biographischen skitze desselben, von J.D. Gerstenberg ... Hildesheim und St. Petersburg, Gerstenberg und Dittmar, 1797.

Os Fragmentos 19 e 20 dos Systementwürfe 1803/1804, de G.W.F. Hegel : introdução e tradução

O objetivo deste trabalho é traduzir e apresentar os fragmentos 19 e 20 dos Esboços de Sistema de Jena, escritos por Hegel entre 1803 e 1804. Primeiramente, farei uma rápida consideração do significado filosófico desses fragmentos, os quais tratam, desde a peculiar concepção hegeliana da consciência como espírito, da razão teórica e da razão prática como equivalentes, respectivamente, à linguagem e ao trabalho. Procuro sublinhar essa relevância filosófica a partir da interpretação habermasiana dos fragmentos, a qual lhes conferiu notoriedade como tentativa de reconstrução do materialismo histórico. A partir desta breve contextualização, apresenta-se, a seguir, uma tradução para o português dos mencionados fragmentos. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

Les tableaux homonymiques, principe d’unité du Cornet à dés de Max Jacob

Ce mémoire s’intéresse à la structure du recueil de poésie en prose Le Cornet à dés (1917) de Max Jacob. À la lecture de l’ensemble, on remarque qu’il est sans cesse question de choses ou d’évènements auxquels renvoient les diverses significations du mot tableau : œuvres picturales, descriptions imagées, cadres de fenêtre ou de porte, vieillards (vieux tableaux), tableaux vivants, subdivisions de pièces de théâtre ou encore tableaux d’école. Subdivisé en trois chapitres, ce travail s’attachera dans un premier temps au fait que tous ces homonymes sont traités, dans les poèmes, comme des peintures. Entre fixité et mouvement, les descriptions et les narrations rapprochent la littérature de l’art pictural, ce qui contribue à l’esthétique du doute caractéristique de l’œuvre de Max Jacob. Le deuxième chapitre s’intéresse aux procédés de reprise et à la manière dont ils permettent de faire des liens entre les poèmes. À partir des théories du mouvement et de la répétition, nous verrons comment les divers motifs forment, à la manière des dés, différentes combinaisons d’une pièce à l’autre. Inspiré par les peintres cubistes qui présentent simultanément tous les angles d’un même objet, l’auteur fait le tour du mot tableau. Dans le dernier chapitre, il ressort que la juxtaposition des poèmes donne accès à un surcroît de signification : certains éléments arbitraires comme des titres obscurs prennent soudainement sens. Une réflexion sur la lecture vient compléter ce travail puisque les nombreuses répétitions sont traitées dans la mémoire. Ce travail s’inscrit dans le champ des études sur le recueil et s’appuie principalement sur l’analyse de poèmes.

Les tableaux homonymiques, principe d’unité du Cornet à dés de Max Jacob

Ce mémoire s’intéresse à la structure du recueil de poésie en prose Le Cornet à dés (1917) de Max Jacob. À la lecture de l’ensemble, on remarque qu’il est sans cesse question de choses ou d’évènements auxquels renvoient les diverses significations du mot tableau : œuvres picturales, descriptions imagées, cadres de fenêtre ou de porte, vieillards (vieux tableaux), tableaux vivants, subdivisions de pièces de théâtre ou encore tableaux d’école. Subdivisé en trois chapitres, ce travail s’attachera dans un premier temps au fait que tous ces homonymes sont traités, dans les poèmes, comme des peintures. Entre fixité et mouvement, les descriptions et les narrations rapprochent la littérature de l’art pictural, ce qui contribue à l’esthétique du doute caractéristique de l’œuvre de Max Jacob. Le deuxième chapitre s’intéresse aux procédés de reprise et à la manière dont ils permettent de faire des liens entre les poèmes. À partir des théories du mouvement et de la répétition, nous verrons comment les divers motifs forment, à la manière des dés, différentes combinaisons d’une pièce à l’autre. Inspiré par les peintres cubistes qui présentent simultanément tous les angles d’un même objet, l’auteur fait le tour du mot tableau. Dans le dernier chapitre, il ressort que la juxtaposition des poèmes donne accès à un surcroît de signification : certains éléments arbitraires comme des titres obscurs prennent soudainement sens. Une réflexion sur la lecture vient compléter ce travail puisque les nombreuses répétitions sont traitées dans la mémoire. Ce travail s’inscrit dans le champ des études sur le recueil et s’appuie principalement sur l’analyse de poèmes.

In Situ Observation of the Thermal Decomposition of Weddelite by Heating Stage Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy

The morphological and chemical changes occurring during the thermal decomposition of weddelite, CaC2O4·2H2O, have been followed in real time in a heating stage attached to an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope operating at a pressure of 2 Torr, with a heating rate of 10 °C/min and an equilibration time of approximately 10 min. The dehydration step around 120 °C and the loss of CO around 425 °C do not involve changes in morphology, but changes in the composition were observed. The final reaction of CaCO3 to CaO while evolving CO2 around 600 °C involved the formation of chains of very small oxide particles pseudomorphic to the original oxalate crystals. The change in chemical composition could only be observed after cooling the sample to 350 °C because of the effects of thermal radiation.

The Behavior of Hydroxyl Units of Synthetic Goethite and its Dehydroxylated Product Hematite

The behavior of the hydroxyl units of synthetic goethite and its dehydroxylated product hematite was characterized using a combination of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) during the thermal transformation over a temperature range of 180-270 degrees C. Hematite was detected at temperatures above 200 degrees C by XRD while goethite was not observed above 230 degrees C. Five intense OH vibrations at 3212-3194, 1687-1674, 1643-1640, 888-884 and 800-798 cm(-1), and a H2O vibration at 3450-3445 cm(-1) were observed for goethite. The intensity of hydroxyl stretching and bending vibrations decreased with the extent of dehydroxylation of goethite. Infrared absorption bands clearly show the phase transformation between goethite and hematite: in particular. the migration of excess hydroxyl units from goethite to hematite. Two bands at 536-533 and 454-452 cm(-1) are the low wavenumber vibrations of Fe-O in the hematite structure. Band component analysis data of FTIR spectra support the fact that the hydroxyl units mainly affect the a plane in goethite and the equivalent c plane in hematite.

Brucite Microbialites in Living Coral Skeletons: Indicators of Extreme Microenvironments in Shallow-Marine Settings

Brucite [Mg(OH)2] microbialites occur in vacated interseptal spaces of living scleractinian coral colonies (Acropora, Pocillopora, Porites) from subtidal and intertidal settings in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and subtidal Montastraea from the Florida Keys, United States. Brucite encrusts microbial filaments of endobionts (i.e., fungi, green algae, cyanobacteria) growing under organic biofilms; the brucite distribution is patchy both within interseptal spaces and within coralla. Although brucite is undersaturated in seawater, its precipitation was apparently induced in the corals by lowered pCO2 and increased pH within microenvironments protected by microbial biofilms. The occurrence of brucite in shallow-marine settings highlights the importance of microenvironments in the formation and early diagenesis of marine carbonates. Significantly, the brucite precipitates discovered in microenvironments in these corals show that early diagenetic products do not necessarily reflect ambient seawater chemistry. Errors in environmental interpretation may arise where unidentified precipitates occur in microenvironments in skeletal carbonates that are subsequently utilized as geochemical seawater proxies.

Work at hand : an exploration of gesture in the context of work and everyday life to inform the design of gestural input devices

This research explores gestures used in the context of activities in the workplace and in everyday life in order to understand requirements and devise concepts for the design of gestural information applicances. A collaborative method of video interaction analysis devised to suit design explorations, the Video Card Game, was used to capture and analyse how gesture is used in the context of six different domains: the dentist's office; PDA and mobile phone use; the experimental biologist's laboratory; a city ferry service; a video cassette player repair shop; and a factory flowmeter assembly station. Findings are presented in the form of gestural themes, derived from the tradition of qualitative analysis but bearing some similarity to Alexandrian patterns. Implications for the design of gestural devices are discussed.

"Well, now I'm upset": Moral and social orders in the playground

There is much still to learn about how young children’s membership with peers shapes their constructions of moral and social obligations within everyday activities in the school playground. This paper investigates how a small group of girls, aged four to six years, account for their everyday social interactions in the playground. They were video-recorded as they participated in a pretend game of school. Several days later, a video-recorded excerpt of the interaction was shown to them and invited to comment on what was happening in the video. This conversation was audio-recorded. Drawing on a conversation analysis approach, this chapter shows that, despite their discontent and complaining about playing the game of school, the girls’ actions showed their continued orientation to the particular codes of the game, of ‘no going away’ and ‘no telling’. By making relevant these codes, jointly constructed by the girls during the interview, they managed each other’s continued participation within two arenas of action: the pretend, as a player in a pretend game of school; and the real, as a classroom member of a peer group. Through inferences to explicit and implicit codes of conduct, moral obligations were invoked as the girls attempted to socially exclude or build alliances with others, and enforce their own social position. As well, a shared history that the girls re-constructed has moral implications for present and future relationships. The girls oriented to the history as an interactional resource for accounting for their actions in the pretend game. This paper uncovers how children both participate in, and shape, their everyday social worlds through talk and interaction and the consequences a taken-for-granted activity such as playing school has for their moral and social positions in the peer group.

Acute compensatory eating following exercise is associated with implicit hedonic wanting for food

The efficacy of exercise to promote weight loss could potentially be undermined by its influence on explicit or implicit processes of liking and wanting for food which in turn alter food preference. The present study was designed to examine hedonic and homeostatic mechanisms involved in the acute effects of exercise on food intake. 24 healthy female subjects were recruited to take part in two counterbalanced activity sessions; 50 min of high intensity (70% max heart rate) exercise (Ex) or no exercise (NEx). Subjective appetite sensations, explicit and implicit hedonic processes, food preference and energy intake (EI) were measured immediately before and after each activity session and an ad libitum test meal. Two groups of subjects were identified in which exercise exerted different effects on compensatory EI and food preference. After exercise, compensators (C) increased their EI, rated the food to be more palatable, and demonstrated increased implicit wanting. Compensators also showed a preference for high-fat sweet food compared with non-compensators (NC), independent of the exercise intervention. Exercise-induced changes in the hedonic response to food could be an important consideration in the efficacy of using exercise as a means to lose weight. An enhanced implicit wanting for food after exercise may help to explain why some people overcompensate during acute eating episodes. Some individuals could be resistant to the beneficial effects of exercise due to a predisposition to compensate for exercise-induced energy expenditure as a result of implicit changes in food preferences.