一种用于软件过程建模的适应性Agent协商

大多软件过程模型是预定义的.在变化的应用环境中,需要由相应人员进行适应性调整.提出一种用于软件过程建模的适应性多边协商模型——AMNM-PA,其采用Agent封装软件过程中所涉及的个体,包含组织、团队、个人等,通过Agent间的协商动态、适应地建立针对给定软件项目的软件过程模型.AMNM-PA基于非静态有限阶段Markov决策过程,采用模型无关的Q学习算法选取协商策略,因此能够支持动态、非预知环境下的适应性协商,从而满足软件过程建模对环境的适应性需求.AMNM-PA已经实施于软件过程管理系统——SoftPM.

一种适应性多边软件过程Agent协商模型研究

软件过程建模是指对软件过程建立模型，并且对模型建立和模型执行提供自动化支持。软件过程建模技术为软件过程的描述、表示、执行、分析、跟踪、变更以及改进提供了方法和工具，从而为软件组织实现软件开发过程的管理和改进提供了有力的支持，对于保证软件组织的软件产品质量，提高开发效率具有重要的理论和实践价值。 软件过程的一个重要特征是极大地依赖于软件开发人员，当软件过程面临各种变化时，正是作为软件过程的主体——软件开发人员的及时反应和应对，使得软件过程能够灵活适应各种软件开发的实际和变化状况；忽视软件开发人员在软件过程中的核心作用，是目前大多软件过程建模方法不适用于软件企业实际应用的原因之一。Agent技术主要基于对人的观察，其已被认识到是软件过程建模领域的重要研究方向之一。然而，相关研究工作并没有很好地体现人在软件过程中的核心作用，其根本原因在于其所采用或关注的是单Agent技术，而非多Agent系统技术。以互联为背景的多Agent系统能够很好地刻画人类的社会性，因此，对于当前以全球性、分布式多点等为主要特点的软件过程而言，采用多Agent系统技术，关注软件过程中所涉及的实体之间的协商、协作、竞争、承诺等特性是将Agent技术应用于软件过程的研究重点。 本文提出一种适应性多边软件过程Agent协商模型AMNM-PA。AMNM-PA基于软件开发者为软件过程中的核心要素并且软件过程为这些核心要素之间的相互协同关系的观点，将软件开发建模描述为代表软件开发者的自治的软件过程Agent（简称过程Agent）之间的协商；在协商中，过程Agent能够在变化的环境下针对各种不同实际应用，以及根据对环境的感知和所拥有的知识，适应、灵活地确立彼此间的协同关系，即建立软件过程。 本文在组织上采用了从模型要素及其相互关系定义、模型要素具体描述到模型实现及验证的逻辑结构。首先，本文给出AMNM-PA的模型定义，对过程Agent的协商所涉及的协商要素及其相互之间的关系进行描述。其次，本文详细描述协商要素中的决策过程，即过程Agent在协商中进行决策所依据的协商策略选择方法及各种可选协商策略；并以决策过程为基础，提出一种多边适应性协商算法，以此给出基于AMNM-PA的适应性多边协商过程的基本算法。随后，本文详细描述了另一协商要素——协商规则，其解决了协商过程的离线和在线灵活性问题，从而为软件过程建模的灵活性提供了解决方案。最后，本文实现了基于AMNM-PA的协商系统，并在该系统的支持下进行了实验研究，验证了AMNM-PA能够在变化的环境中适应性地建立面向实际软件项目的软件过程，并且该软件过程所包含的个体利益能够得到均衡、整体利益较高；同时很好地支持了软件过程建立和执行的灵活性。

软件过程Agent的知识生成方法研究

软件开发过程的不可见是软件项目失败的主要原因之一。为了提高软件开发过程的可见性，研究人员从软件开发过程的表示、软件开发知识的管理和软件开发数据的挖掘等方面提出了相应理论、方法和工具，这些理论、方法和工具对提高软件过程的可见性提供了一定的帮助，但却都有自己的局限性，难以全面覆盖提高软件开发过程可见性的要素。 为此，我们需要进一步融合软件过程建模、知识管理和数据挖掘等领域各自的研究成果，探索一种不但支持从过程资产库提取知识，而且支持对这些知识进行描述和管理，同时还能将这些知识直接用于建立符合组织能力的软件过程模型，并可以根据该软件过程模型生成符合组织中人的能力的软件开发项目计划的完整方法，为提高软件开发过程的可见性提供全面、有力的支持，从而有效保障软件开发的质量和效率。 本文给出一种根据组织的软件过程资产库生成软件过程Agent知识的方法，该方法生成的软件过程Agent知识可被用于建立一种基于组织实体能力的软件过程模型。基于该方法，本文实现了一个软件过程Agent自动生成工具，该工具可以根据指定的软件过程资产库自动生成软件过程Agent实例及其知识。同时本文在应用实例研究中进行了实验验证，证明了该方法的有效性。 本文研究是对基于组织实体能力的软件过程建模方法的扩展和补充。该方法和基于组织实体能力的软件过程建模方法的集成，可有效支持根据组织过程资产库生成组织的软件开发知识并将这些知识进行描述，使其能够被用于建立符合组织能力的软件开发模型，并最终根据特定目标生成符合组织实际能力软件开发项目计划。

Multi-agent的协作模型及其应用

本文从经济学和社会心理学角度出发 ,探讨了多种高级认知结构在社会活动中的作用 ,建立了多种高级认知结构的框架 ,研究了这些高级认知结构在多智能体代理系统环境中如何相互作用问题 ,并提出了三个系统模型来刻画这些相互作用。

Study on the multiple sites binding of human serum albumin and porphyrin by affinity capillary electrophoresis

Equations to describe the two sites binding between proteins and ligands were deduced. According to these equations, not only the binding constants, but also the mole fraction of proteins in different forms could be obtained. Using the published data on the interaction between human serum albumin (HSA) and three kinds of porphyrin (coproporphyrin (CP), uroporphyrin I (UP) and protoporphyrin (PP)), a further study on their binding was carried out. It was concluded that there may exist two binding sites with the binding constants at the first site. proved to be the preferential one, being 6.50 x 10(5) 1.94 x 10(6) and 8.94 x 10(5). respectively. In addition. it was also demonstrated that the two binding sites of HSA with CP and UP might be of different kinds, though those of HSA and PP were of the same kind but at different positions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Binding of metal ions with protein studied by a combined technique of microdialysis with liquid chromatography

A method has been developed for the determination of interactions of metal ions and protein by using microdialysis sampling technique combined with pre-column derivation and reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic (HPLC analysis. Cu(II), Zn(II) and human serum albumin (HSA) were chosen as model metal ions and protein, respectively. The mixed solutions of metal ions and HSA with different molar ratios buffered with 0.1 M Tris-HCl containing 0.1 M NaCl at pH 7.43 were sampled with a mirodialysis probe by keeping perfusion rate at 1 mul/min and the temperature at 37 degreesC. The free concentrations of metal ions in microdialysates were assayed by precolumn derivatization with meso-tetra(4-sulfophenyl)-porphyrin (TPPS4) followed ion-pair HPLC analysis. The recovery (R) of microdialysis sampling was measured in vitro under similar conditions as 65.74% for Cu(II), 70.45% for Zn(II) with R.S.D. below 3.2%. The primary binding constants and number of binding site estimated by the Scatchard plot analysis are 5.04 x 10(6) M-1 and 0.85 for Cu(II), and 9.87 x 10(6) M-1 and 1.10 for Zn(II), respectively. The competition of Cu(II) and Zn(II) at the second binding site on HSA was investigated, and it was observed that there is a second site on HSA to bind Cu(II) and Zn(II), the affinity of Cu(II) is stronger than that of Zn(II) to this second site of HSA. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Separation of enantiomers of drugs by capillary electrophoresis with permethyl-gamma-cyclodextrin as chiral solvating agent

High-throughput screening is a promising new approach in analytical chemistry. Within the framework of an extended screening program (The German-Chinese Drug Screening Program), the enantioseparation of 86 drugs was investigated by capillary zone electrophoresis in the presence of the chiral solvating agent (CSA) octakis-(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-gamma-cyclodextrin (TM-gamma-CD). By this means, 15 drugs could be separated into enantiomeric pairs. Approximate measures for the degree of interaction (migration retardation factor, R-m) and for the degree of enantiomer recognition (migration separation factors, alpha(m)) revealed intriguing patterns that were compared with those found for native gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD). Although there is a distinct influence of the analyte structure on the electrophoretic data, interpretation remains difficult. Most remarkably, permethylation of gamma-CD leads neither to a higher affinity nor to better chiral recognition, in contrast to the findings with alpha-CD.

Separation of drug enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis in the presence of neutral cyclodextrins

This is a selected review, highlighting our results obtained in an extended screening program ("The German-Chinese Drug Screening Program"), with a focus on a set of original data obtained with heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin(TM-beta-CD) as the chiral solvating agent (CSA). The enantioseparation of 86 drugs by capillary zone electrophoresis in the presence of this CSA was successful for 47 drugs. The migration separation factors (alpha(m)) and the migration retardation factors (R-m) were compared with those found for native beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD). The patterns thus obtained were also compared with those observed for hexakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-alpha-CD (TM-alpha-CD) and octakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-gamma-CD (TM-gamma-CD), respectively. From the statistical data, it can be concluded that there is a remarkable influence of the analyte structure on the electrophoretic data. A substructure 4H was found in the analyte structure that has a significant influence on the analytes' behaviour. Thus, analytes bearing the substructure 4H do not only have a strong affinity to the CDs but also a high rate of success of chiral separation in all systems reviewed. In light of this, the different ring sizes of native cyclodextrins (alpha-, beta- and gamma-CD) readily explain their behaviour towards a limited test set of chiral drugs. Sterical considerations point to the significance of side-on-binding versus inclusion in the cavity of the host. In addition to the findings from the screening program, numerous references to the Literature are given. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.