Preanalytical mistakes in samples from primary care patients.

BACKGROUND Preanalytical mistakes (PAMs) in samples usually led to rejection upon arrival to the clinical laboratory. However, PAMs might not always be detected and result in clinical problems. Thus, PAMs should be minimized. We detected PAMs in samples from Primary Health Care Centres (PHCC) served by our central laboratory. Thus, the goal of this study was to describe the number and types of PAMs, and to suggest some strategies for improvement. METHODS The presence of PAMs, as sample rejection criteria, in samples submitted from PHCC to our laboratory during October and November 2007 was retrospectively analysed. RESULTS Overall, 3885 PAMs (7.4%) were detected from 52,669 samples for blood analyses. This included missed samples (n=1763; 45.4% of all PAMs, 3.3% of all samples), haemolysed samples (n=1408; 36.2% and 2.7%, respectively), coagulated samples (n=391; 10% and 0.7%, respectively), incorrect sample volume (n=110; 2.8% and 0.2%, respectively), and others (n=213; 5.5% and 0.4%, respectively). For urine samples (n=18,852), 1567 of the samples were missing (8.3%). CONCLUSIONS We found the proportion of PAMs in blood and urine samples to be 3-fold higher than that reported in the literature. Therefore, strategies for improvement directed towards the staff involved, as well as an exhaustive audit of preanalytical process are needed. To attain this goal, we first implemented a continued education programme, financed by our Regional Health Service and focused in Primary Care Nurses.

DESSINS ET CROQUIS de costumes pour les opéras représentés à Paris et à Versailles de 1739 à 1767.

Dessins de costumes pour l'Opéra (1739-1767)

Morale politique du grand Frédéric d'après sa correspondance

Comprend : [Correspondance]

[10 phot. de France: Montbéliard, Montoire (phot. Yvon-Abel, phot. à Loches), la Mer de glace près Chamonix (phot. ancienne maison Martinet, 172, rue de Rivoli, Paris), le lac Chambon (Puy-de-Dôme), La Rochelle (phot. D. Tallon Larente, phot. dans cette ville), un dolmen près de Lodève (Hérault) (phot. E. Cartailhac), environs de Chambéry (phot. J.L. Perrot, phot. à Chambéry), le Pont du Gard, la Maladetta et le Port de Vénasque (Haute-Garonne Aragon), Cirque de Gavarnie (Hautes-Pyrénées). Don E. Reclus en 1886]

Donateur : Reclus, Élisée (1830-1905)

In vivo metabolic profiling of glioma-initiating cells using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 14.1 Tesla.

In the last decade, evidence has emerged indicating that the growth of a vast majority of tumors including gliomas is sustained by a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell properties called cancer initiating cells. These cells are able to initiate and propagate tumors and constitute only a fraction of all tumor cells. In the present study, we showed that intracerebral injection of cultured glioma-initiating cells into nude mice produced fast growing tumors showing necrosis and gadolinium enhancement in MR images, whereas gliomas produced by injecting freshly purified glioma-initiating cells grew slowly and showed no necrosis and very little gadolinium enhancement. Using proton localized spectroscopy at 14.1 Tesla, decreasing trends of N-acetylaspartate, glutamate and glucose concentrations and an increasing trend of glycine concentration were observed near the injection site after injecting cultured glioma-initiating cells. In contrast to the spectra of tumors grown from fresh cells, those from cultured cells showed intense peaks of lipids, increased absolute concentrations of glycine and choline-containing compounds, and decreased concentrations of glutamine, taurine and total creatine, when compared with a contralateral non-tumor-bearing brain tissue. A decrease in concentrations of N-acetylaspartate and γ-aminobutyrate was found in both tumor phenotypes after solid tumor formation. Further investigation is needed to determine the cause of the dissimilarities between the tumors grown from cultured glioma-initiating cells and those from freshly purified glioma-initiating cells, both derived from human glioblastomas.

Indice d'aptitude général pour le WISC-IV: Normes francophones

La quatrième version de l'échelle d'intelligence de Wechsler pour enfants (WISC-IV) permet le calcul du QI Total et de quatre indices factoriels : compréhension verbale, raisonnement perceptif, vitesse de traitement et mémoire de travail. En 1998, Prifitera et al, ont préconisé le calcul de l'indice d'aptitude général (IAG) comme alternative au quotient intellectuel total (QIT), et cela à partir des scores de compréhension verbale et de raisonnement perceptif. La première étude présentée dans cet article a pour objectif d'établir les normes francophones pour le score IAG du WISC-IV, en utilisant une procédure d'approximation statistique. La deuxième étude vise à examiner la validité de ces normes, en les confrontant à des données recueillies sur un échantillon de 60 enfants. La corrélation entre QIT et IAG est de 0,91 et la différence relative moyenne de 0,18 point. Ces normes permettent d'utiliser le score IAG comme alternative au QIT dans certaines situations diagnostiques.