Determinação do índice de estresse hídrico em cultura do feijoeiro com termômetro de infravermelho

In order to calculate the daily stress degree of a bean crop submitted to four water regime applications, cover crop and air daily measurements temperatures were accomplished by using a hand-held infrared thermometer. The treatments did not present crop water stress except the control (without irrigation). The highest yield was obtained by the treatment that received less irrigation frequency, and among the treatments that had the same number of irrigation. The largest yield was obtained with the one that received larger amount of applied water. The largest irrigation frequency did not result in larger productivity. The methodologies used for the irrigation planning were efficient for the replacement of soil water. The daily stress degree index was effective in determining crop water stress; and it was reliable presenting negative values in good water soil condition.

El acceso de las pequeñas y medianas empresas al financiamiento y el programa nacional de apoyo a la PYME del gobierno chileno: balance preliminar de una experiencia

Incluye Bibliografía

Balance estructural del gobierno central de Chile: análisis y propuestas

Incluye Bibliografía

El mercado de carbono en América Latina y el Caribe: balance y perspectivas

Incluye Bibliografía

Violencia en la pareja: tratamiento legal: evolución y balance = Violence within couples: legal treatment: review of progress and results

Incluye Bibliografía

Germinação e vigor de sementes de crambe sob estresse hídrico

This study aimed to evaluate crambe seeds germination and vigor under water stress conditions induced by polyethylene glycol solutions. The seeds were germinated on substrate moistened with polyethylene glycol solutions, using the osmotic potentials of 0 (control), -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.0, -1.2 and -1.4 MPa. The seeds germination was evaluated by normal seedlings and root emission percentages. Vigor was evaluated by germination average time, relative frequency, velocity and synchronization index. It was observed that more negative osmotic potential caused significant reduction in crambe seed germination and vigor, and no normal seedlings was observed at potentials below -0.6 MPa.

Flexibilización laboral en el Perú y reformas de la protección social asociadas: un balance tras 20 años

Incluye Bibliografía

Balance de la privatización de la industria petrolera en Argentina y su impacto sobre las inversiones y la competencia en los mercados minoristas de combustibles

Incluye Bibliografía

Sistemas nacionales de inversión pública en América Latina y el Caribe: balance de dos décadas: compendio general

Al terminar la década de 1990, el balance sobre la planificación económica y social es heterogéneo. Dependiendo de lo que entendamos por proceso o sistema de planificación en cada país, los resultados son dispares. Del balance se desprende, sin embargo, la necesidad de que el Estado cuente con una agencia o figura que le permita cumplir tareas básica e insustituibles de gestión, cualquiera que sea el estilo de desarrollo o reforma que se adopte. Se trata de recoger las experiencias, consolidar lo avanzado, enmendar lo que se considere inconveniente y adoptar los cambios necesarios. Estas tareas básicas serían: En primer lugar, un esfuerzo de prospectiva para incorporar previsión, coherencia, unidad y reducción de la incertidumbre. En segundo lugar, la coordinación intersectorial, con la consecuente compatibilización entre presupuesto y programas y la regulación de los mercados, a fin de darle dirección al proceso social y orientación coherente al cambio. En tercer lugar, el seguimiento y evaluación de planes, programas y proyectos como labor fundamental de un modelo de gestión pública orientado a resultados, y el establecimiento de un sistema de indicadores de desempeño. Esta publicación compila todos los trabajos y ponencias presentados por los países en el Seminario internacional sobre Los sistemas nacionales de inversión pública en América Latina y el Caribe, llevado a cabo en Santiago de Chile entre el 5 y 6 de noviembre de 2001. También se incluyen las memorias de dos seminarios similares realizados en Centroamérica."

Structural budget balance: methodology and estimation for the Chilean central government 1987-2001

Includes bibliography

Effects of acute normovolemic anemia on hemodynamic parameters and acid-base balance in dogs

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic and acid-base status of dogs subjected to acute normovolemic anemia. The dogs (n = 10) were evaluated 15 minutes and 24 hours after induction of anemia (hematocrit below 18) with blood withdrawal and simultaneously replacement of same volume of Ringer's lactate solution and hydroxyethyl starch-based solution in a 2:1 ratio. The cardiac output was measured by Doppler echocardiography and blood pressure by oscillometric device, and posteriorly hemodynamic parameters were calculated. The anemic groups had increase in cardiac index (P <.05) (3.82 ± 1.05 to 5.86 ± 1.49 and 5.81 ± 1.63 L/min m) and decreases (P <.05) in the indices of total peripheral resistance (6797.81 ± 3060.22 to 3220.14 ± 1275.02 and 3887.74 ± 1394.89 dinaseg/cm 5× m2) and oxygen delivery (7942.84 ± 3344.00 to 4021.68 ± 1627.00 and 4430.82 ± 1402.61 mL/min× m 2), respectively. There were no significant changes in pH, but PaO2 and SaO2 values were increased, and PaCO2 reduced in anemic dogs (P <.05). Therefore, acute normovolemic anemia can create significant hemodynamic changes and despite some hemogasometric changes, there were no changes in the acid-base status in dogs. Copyright © 2011 Tatiana Champion et al.

Balance y perspectiva de la inmigración latinoamericana a España

Incluye Bibliografía

La experiencia del CIRAD: balance del trabajo de dos décadas (1992-2011)

Incluye Bibliografía

Consumo hídrico da rúcula em cultivo hidropônico NFT utilizando Rejeitos de dessalinizador em Ibimirim-PE

O consumo de águas salinas pelas plantas na maioria dos casos afetam o rendimento das culturas em suas diversas fases prejudicando desenvolvimento e produção. O trabalho avaliou o consumo hídrico da rúcula (Eruca sativa) em sistema hidropônico NFT com águas salinas. Foram analisados seis níveis crescentes de salinidade da água (CEa), quais sejam: 0,2; 1,2; 2,2; 3,2; 4,2 e 5,2 (dS m-1) utilizaram-se duas fontes de sais: águas salobras (AS) e NaCl. Foi determinado o volume evapotranspirado por planta (VETc) no sistema durante o cultivo. O consumo hídrico nos primeiros dias após transplantio foi de 250 mL dia-1 aproximadamente para ambas as testemunhas e decresceram com o aumento da salinidade, a eficiência de utilização da água foi reduzida revelando uma resposta linear decrescente em função da salinidade ocorrendo uma resposta negativa das plantas que apresentaram uma redução na quantidade de folhas de 3,34%.