Comparison of numerical models for vibro-acoustic analysis of structural panels in low modal density range engaging air layers

During launch, satellite and their equipment are subjected to loads of random nature and with a wide frequency range. Their vibro-acoustic response is an important issue to be analysed, for example for folded solar arrays and antennas. The main issue at low modal density is the modelling combinations engaging air layers, structures and external fluid. Depending on the modal density different methodologies, as FEM, BEM and SEA should be considered. This work focuses on the analysis of different combinations of the methodologies previously stated used in order to characterise the vibro-acoustic response of two rectangular sandwich structure panels isolated and engaging an air layer between them under a diffuse acoustic field. Focusing on the modelling of air layers, different models are proposed. To illustrate the phenomenology described and studied, experimental results from an acoustic test on an ARA-MKIII solar array in folded configuration are presented along with numerical results.

Man-pack antenna at X-band

In this paper a low cost man-pack antenna for satellite communications at X band is presented. The antenna has dual circular polarization in Tx and Rx.

On the design of a planar phased array radar antenna architecture for space debris situational awareness

The Space Situational Awareness (SSA) program from the European Space Agency (ESA) protects Europe's citizens and their satellite-based services by detecting space hazards. ESA Ground Systems (GS) division is currently designing a phased array radar composed of thousands of radiating elements for future stages of the SSA program [1]. The radar shall guarantee the detection of most of the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space debris, providing a general map of space junk. While range accuracy is mainly dictated by the radar waveform, the detection and tracking of small objects in LEO regimes is highly dependent on the angular accuracy achieved by the smart phased array antenna, demonstrating the important of the performance of this architecture.

GEODA-SARAS: Multi-Phased array planar antenna for satellite communications

Nowadays, earth stations have as a common feature the use of large reflector antenna for downloading data from satellites. Large reflectors have impairments such as mechanical complexity, low flexibility and high cost. Thus, the feasibility of other antenna technologies must be evaluated, such as conformal adaptive antennas based on multiple planar active arrays. In the scenery under study, the capability to track several satellites simultaneously, higher flexibility, lower production and maintenance cost, modularity and a more efficient use of the spectrum; are the most important advantage to boost up active antenna arrays over large dishes.

Surface impedance for scattered field on a dielectric-coated circular cylinder

In the scattering analysis of a circular cylindrical structure, the impedance boundary condition (IBC) can approximate and simplify the perfect electric conductor (PEC) boundary condition. The circular cylinder problem can be solved with modal methods but they require a large number of terms when the cylinder radius is large in terms of the wave length. The uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) [1] is commonly used to overcome this issue. The two-dimensional problem of scattering on a circular cylinder covered by a dielectric layer has been analyzed by [2]–[5], but their solutions either do not consider oblique incidence, fail on the transition region or use a constant surface impedance.

Surface impedance for electromagnetic fields over a dielectric-coated circular cylinder

For small or medium size conformal array antennas in terms of the wave length, modal solutions in spectral domain for mutual coupling analysis are convenient for canonical shapes such as circular cylinder [1] or sphere [2], but as the antenna dimensions increase a large number of terms are necessary. For large structures the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) is commonly used to solve this problem for canonical and arbitrarily convex shaped perfect electric conductor (PEC) surfaces [3]. A UTD solution for mutual coupling on an impedance cylinder has been introduced in [4], [5] but using a constant surface impedance.

A reflection suppression technique for far field antenna measurements

This paper presents a reflection suppression technique for far field antenna measurements. The technique is based on a source reconstruction over a surface greater than the antenna itself. To be able to perform the reflection construction the next steps are required: the complete far field antenna pattern is obtained through interpolation of the acquired cuts, the currents are obtained through a holographic technique, the field out of the antenna area is filtered, and the pattern is reconstructed. The algorithm is used with measurements in the LEHA-UPM antenna measurement facilities and in the outdoor far field facility of LIT INPE in Brazil.

Deployment of an all-in-one millimetre-wave anechoic chamber

This paper describes the new anechoic chamber available at The University of Kent, UK. This facility includes a spherical near/far field, planar near field, cylindrical near field and a compact range. The facility allows measurement from 600 MHz up to 110 MHz. The spherical, planar and cylindrical ranges covers up to 40 GHz and the compact range is available from 50 GHz up to 110 MHz. Immediate plans are to use the new facility to measure body-centric antennas and sensing nodes together with near field sampling of finite sized Frequency Selective Surfaces.

Comparison of different MIMO antenna arrays and user's effect on their performances

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have entailed a great enhancement in wireless communications performances. The use of multiple antennas at each side of the radio link has been included in recent drafts and standards such as WLAN, WIMAX, or DVB-T2. The MIMO performances depend on the antenna array characteristics and thus several aspects have to be taken into account to design MIMO antennas. In the literature, many articles can be found in terms of capacity or antenna design, but in this article, different types of antenna arrays for MIMO systems are measured in a reverberation chamber with and without a phantom as a user's head. As a result, the MIMO performances are degraded by the user in terms of efficiency, diversity gain, and capacity. Omnidirectional antennas such as monopoles with high radiation efficiency offer the highest performance for a rich scattering nonline of sight indoor environment.

Surface velocity and ice discharge of the ice cap on King George Island, Antarctica

Glaciers on King George Island, Antarctica, have shown retreat and surface lowering in recent decades, concurrent with increasing air temperatures. A large portion of the glacier perimeter is ocean-terminating, suggesting possible large mass losses due to calving and submarine melting. Here we estimate the ice discharge into the ocean for the King George Island ice cap. L-band synthetic aperture radar images covering the time-span January 2008 to January 2011 over King George Island are processed using an intensity-tracking algorithm to obtain surface velocity measurements. Pixel offsets from 40 pairs of radar images are analysed and inverted to estimate a weighted average surface velocity field. Ice thicknesses are derived from simple principles of ice flow mechanics using the computed surface velocity fields and in situ thickness data. The maximum ice surface speeds reach mayor que 225 m/yr, and the total ice discharge for the analysed flux gates of King George Island is estimated to be 0.720+/-0.428 Gt/yr, corresponding to a specific mass loss of 0.64+/-0.38 m w.e./yr over the area of the entire ice cap (1127 km2).

New device for continuous-wave THz emission: large area emitter

We discuss two different approaches to overcome the power limitations of CW THz generation imposed to conventional photomixers. The increase in power achievable by using arrays of AEs is studied. Then ?large area emitters? are proposed as an alternate approach to overcome the power limitations. In this antenna-free new scheme of photomixing, the THz radiation originates directly from the acceleration of photo-induced charge carriers generated within a large semiconductor area. The quasi-continuous distribution of emitting elements corresponds to a high-density array and results in particularly favorable radiation profiles.

Antena plana Banda Ku en tecnología SIW

This document contains the different parts of a plain antenna which is able to establish a satellite communication. This antenna has been designed in Ku Band. Nowadays this band is specially used by satellite communications and shows numerous advantages, for instance the antennas have small size therefore these antennas are cheaper. The SIW technology is a fundamental part of this project from start to end, because this technology has a lot of applications and leads in this field. Not only have been simulated all the elements of this antenna but also have been built to compare both simulations and measurements.

Analysis and suppression of reflections in far-field antenna measurement ranges

This paper presents the analysis of the reflections in two kind of spherical far field ranges: one if the classical acquisition where the AUT is rotated and the second one corresponds to the systems where the AUT is fixed and the antenna probe is rotated. In large far field systems this is not possible, but this can be used to the measurement of small antennas, for instance, with the SATIMO StarGate system. In both cases, it is assumed that only one frequency is acquired and the results should be improved cut by cut, in order not to lose the advantages or far field measurements. Finally, some practical results are studied using measurements of one antenna in the outdoor far field facility of LIT INPE in Brazil.

Influencia de un fluido en las características dinámicas de placas circulares y casicirculares

La influencia de un fluido en las características dinámicas de estructuras se ha estudiado desde hace tiempo. Sin embargo muchos estudios se refieren a aplicaciones bajo el agua, como es el caso del sonar de un submarino por lo que el fluido circundante se considera líquido (sin efectos de compresibilidad). Más recientemente en aplicaciones acústicas y espaciales tales como antenas o paneles muy ligeros, ha sido estudiada la influencia en las características dinámicas de una estructura rodeada por un fluido de baja densidad. Por ejemplo se ha mostrado que el efecto del aire en el transmisor-reflector del Intelsat VI C-B con un diámetro de 3,2 metros y con un peso de sólo 34,7 kg disminuye la primera frecuencia en torno a un 20% con respecto a su valor en vacío. Por tanto es importante en el desarrollo de estas grandes y ligeras estructuras disponer de un método con el que estimar el efecto del fluido circundante sobre las frecuencias naturales de éstas. De esta manera se puede evitar el ensayo de la estructura en una cámara de vacío que para el caso de una gran antena o panel puede ser difícil y costoso. Se ha desarrollado un método de elementos de contorno (BEM) para la determinación del efecto del fluido en las características dinámicas de una placa circular. Una vez calculados analíticamente los modos de vibración de la placa en vacío, la matriz de masa añadida debido a la carga del fluido se determina por el método de elementos de contorno. Este método utiliza anillos circulares de manera que el número de elementos para obtener unos resultados precisos es muy bajo. Se utiliza un procedimiento de iteración para el cálculo de las frecuencias naturales del acoplamiento fluido-estructura para el caso de fluido compresible. Los resultados del método se comparan con datos experimentales y otros modelos teóricos mostrando la precisión y exactitud para distintas condiciones de contorno de la placa. Por otro lado, a veces la geometría de la placa no es circular sino casi-circular y se ha desarrollado un método de perturbaciones para determinar la influencia de un fluido incompresible en las características dinámicas de placas casi-circulares. El método se aplica a placas con forma elíptica y pequeña excentricidad. Por una parte se obtienen las frecuencias naturales y los modos de deformación de la placa vibrando en vacío. A continuación, se calculan los coeficientes adimensionales de masa virtual añadida (factores NAVMI). Se presentan los resultados de estos factores y el efecto del fluido en las frecuencias naturales. ABSTRACT The influence of the surrounding fluid on the dynamic characteristics of structures has been well known for many years. However most of these works were more concerned with underwater applications, such as the sonar of a submarine and therefore the surrounding fluid was considered a liquid (negligible compressibility effects). Recently for acoustical and spatial applications such as antennas or very light panels the influence on the dynamic characteristics of a structure surrounded by a fluid of low density has been studied. Thus it has been shown that the air effect for the Intelsat VI C-B transmit reflector with a diameter of 3,2 meters and weighting only 34,7 kg decreases the first modal frequency by 20% with respect to the value in vacuum. It is important then, in the development of these light and large structures to have a method that estimates the effect that the surrounding fluid will have on the natural frequencies of the structure. In this way it can be avoided to test the structure in a vacuum chamber which for a large antenna or panel can be difficult and expensive A BEM method for the determination of the effect of the surrounding fluid on the dynamic characteristics of a circular plate has been developed. After the modes of the plate in vacuum are calculated in an analytical form, the added mass matrix due to the fluid loading is determined by a boundary element method. This method uses circular rings so the number of elements to obtain an accurate result is very low. An iteration procedure for the computation of the natural frequencies of the couple fluid-structure system is presented for the case of the compressibility effect of air. Comparisons of the present method with various experimental data and other theories show the efficiency and accuracy of the method for any support condition of the plate. On the other hand, sometimes the geometry of the plate is not circular but almost-circular, so a perturbation method is developed to determine the influence of an incompressible fluid on the dynamic characteristics of almost-circular plates. The method is applied to plates of elliptical shape with low eccentricity. First, the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the plate vibrating in vacuum are obtained. Next, the nondimensional added virtual mass coefficients (NAVMI factors) are calculated. Results of this factors and the effect of the fluid on the natural frequencies are presented.

Antenas de bocina cónica corrugadas

En la era actual de la tecnología en la que nos encontramos se han experimentado una infinidad de avances. En concreto el interés por las comunicaciones por satélite y los, cada vez más exigentes, terminales móviles han provocado que se inicie líneas de investigación en el campo de las telecomunicaciones. En concreto el estudio de las Antenas de Bocina utilizadas como alimentadores en sistemas de satélite han generado gran interés por la comunidad académica y empresarial. En este Proyecto Fin de Carrera se realiza el estudio del Método de Análisis Modal, método por el cual podemos realizar el estudio del comportamiento de los campos en recintos cerrados y con discontinuidades. El tipo de discontinuidades que se estudia son geometrías cilíndricas en las que se practica un incremento abrupto en el radio de salida. El estudio para el caso inverso, es decir geometrías cilíndricas con radios de salida menores, también lo abordamos, es por esto que es posible la formación de corrugaciones. El proyecto es una continuación de otro anterior que se centra en la optimización de bocinas cónicas lisas. Aunque el método se puede aplicar a cualquier tipo de geometría en este proyecto lo aplicaremos sólo a geometrías cilíndricas dado que diseñaremos un alimentador de bocina cilíndrica con paredes corrugadas. Para el estudio y la implementación de las distintas formulaciones matemáticas haremos uso de la herramienta de cálculo MatLab, es así que podremos generar resultados como el diagrama de radiación de la antena diseñada. Dichos resultados serían contrastados con otro programa de análisis comercial. Se observaría que finalmente el método del análisis modal es una herramienta de cálculo robusta y consistente, que nos permite ahorrar tiempos de cálculo y nos presenta resultados similares a otras herramientas comerciales de análisis electromagnético. ABSTRACT. Technologies sector has made great progress . Specifically, in the area of the satellite communications and mobile communications . These have begun investigation lines in telecommunication areas. Particularly, the study about horn antennas use how feeders in satellite communications have generated high interest at University community and the space companies. The Final Project study is focused in the Method of Modal Analysis, this method allows to study the performance of Electromagnetic fields in closed places with discontinuities. This Project continues other project, where studied the optimization for smoothwall conical horns. In this work we will use this study for implemented a antenna cylindrical corrugated. For the study and implementation of special mathematical equations is necessary to use a calculus mathematical tool like MatLab, this software allows to draw the radiation pattern for antennas design. It should be emphasized that all results will be compare with others commercial softwares for Electromagnetic studies. Finally, we take a look at the method of modal analysis is a robust and consistent mathematical tool that save simulation time and show us similar results to other commercial softwares.