Radical Scavenging and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanol Extracts of Two Kinds of Formicary

对两种不同的蚂蚁窝进行甲醇提取,并对提取物进行了急性毒性、抗自由基,酚含量、还原能力和抗菌活性的检测。二苯基三硝基肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基的清除能力的检测表明:两种蚂蚁窝甲醇提取物都具有显著的自由基清除能力,并呈现出剂量依赖性,而且,在高浓度时(5~10mg·mL-1),它们的自由基清除能力甚至显著地高于二丁基羟基甲苯(butylated hydroxyl toluene,BHT)。酚的含量和还原能力分别用福林酚试剂和铁氰化钾还原反应来测定,统计分析显示两种蚂蚁窝的抗氧化能力和其酚含量、还原能力都存在着正相关。两种蚂蚁窝甲醇提取物都具有抗革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌的活性,但它们却对真菌没有作用。

A review on oil sardine 2. Preservation by canning, curing and smoking

Commercial canning of oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) in India is a relatively new procedure. Although 7 firms are engaged in canning this compares poorly with the abundance of the fish. There are often wide variations in the quality of the canned fish and important chemical and physical variations occur in the product once canned. A description of the canning process is given, and production figures compared to those of other countries. Production figures for 1965 to 1969 are given. These show that production increased from 1.2 to 1.5 million cans, but that there was a peak in 1967 when 3.2 million can s were produced. Exports of canned marine fish by country, and production of caned sardine by country from 1965 to 1970 are tabulated. The types of containers used and the feasibility of exporting canned fish are considered. Finally, the preparation of cured and smoked products is discussed briefly.

Assessment of pelagic primary and secondary production in Sefidrud River estuary

Sefid-Rood River Estuary (SRE) is the most important riverine ecosystem in the south Caspian Sea along the Iranian coast lines. The aim of this study was to examine spatial and temporal variability in Phytoplankton and Zooplankton abundance and diversity in SRE. Variability of Chlorophyll a and inorganic nutrient concentration were determined during a year (November 2004– October 2005) in five sampling stations. Primary and secondry production were determined during a year. Total chlorophyll a concentration during the investigation ranged between zero to 22.8 μgl-1 and the highest levels were consistently recorded during summer and the lowest during winter with a annual mean concentration 4.48 μgl-1. Nutrient concentration was seasonally related to river flow with annual mean concentration: NO2 0.05±0.2 mgl-1, NO3 1.13±0.57 mgl-1, NH4 0.51±0.66 mgl-1, total phosphate 0.13±0.1mgl-1 and SiO2 5.68±1.91 mgl-1. Bacillariophytes, Cyanophytes, Chlorophytes, Pyrophytes and Euglenophytes were the dominant phytoplankton groups in this shallow and turbid estuary. The diversity and abundance of phytoplankton had a seasonal pattern while Diatomas and Chrysophytes were dominant throughout the year but Cyanophytes observed only during the summer. Zooplankton community structure was dominated by copepods which 68% of the total zooplankton. In the winter and summer seasons two increased in the number of zooplankton community and usually toward the sea had occurred. Zooplankton also showed a significant spatial and temporal variation. The high turbidity and temperature prime characteristics of SRE seem to be determining factors acting directly on phytoplankton and zooplankton temporal variability and nutrient fluctuations. Everywhere in this estuary nutrients appeared to be in excess of algal requirement and did not influence a phytoplankton and zooplankton composition. Also there was a positive correlation between chlorophyll a and temperature and a negative one with DIN and TP. Primary production determined in this estuary by dark and light butter method and G.P.P. 38.27±34.12 mgcm-2h-1 and N,PP 201.6±289.9 mgcm-2d-1. secondry production determined 15/128 mgc/m3/year. Everywhere in this estuary nutrients appeared to be in excess to algal requirement and did not influence in Chl. a and primary production. The most important factor influence on Chl. a was water temperature.

重组人胰岛素样生长因子1对db/db小鼠血糖的影响

下载PDF阅读器目的:研究重组人胰岛素样生长因子1(rhIGF-1)对近似于人类2型糖尿病的db/db小鼠的降血糖作用.方法:正常饲养db/db及同品系的正常小鼠,定期监测血糖和血胰岛素水平.待db/db小鼠表现出明显的高血糖及高胰岛素血症后随机分为4组,每日皮下注射溶媒、胰岛素或不同剂量的rhlGF-1,共2周.首次给药后每30min测定血糖1次,观测不同干预方式的即时降糖效果.再于每次给药前测定血糖,观察2周内的变化趋势.结果:db/db小鼠饲养至8周龄时表现出明显的血糖升高及高胰岛素血症.所用剂量的胰岛素对db/db小鼠未表现出明显的降血糖作用;rhIGF-1特别是高剂量rhIGF-1即时及短期降糖效果均较明显,可有效保护db/db小鼠.结论:rhIGF-1对db/db小鼠有较好的降血糖作用,对伴有明显胰岛素抵抗的糖尿病患者具有临床应用前景.

广西华缨鱼属鱼类一新种记述

在整理华缨鱼属标本时发现，1993年9月在广西壮族自治区天峨县红水河水系地下河采集到的一批 标本为一个未经发表的新种，新种订名为大眼华缨鱼(＆加c瑚soc^eiz獬胧gnzDp^f^8h邯)。其下咽齿2行，可与 下咽齿3行的7种华缨鱼相区别，而与属内同样具2行下咽齿的贵州华缨鱼(s．肛妇b淝瑚括)、小口华缨鱼 (Js．m幻M幻，抛￡琳)和宽唇华缨鱼(5．z06缸t琳)亲缘关系较近。但：(1)新种胸鳍中点上方无黑斑，背鳍分枝 鳍条7，腹鳍分枝鳍条7，背鳍前鳞15—16，眼大，头长为眼径2．5—3．1倍，眼径为头宽44．7％一57．8％，吻 须后伸至前后鼻孔之间或眼前缘，口角须后伸至眼前缘至眼中之问或眼中至眼后缘之间，体长为尾柄高8．9一 lO．7倍，头长为吻长2．5—3．7倍，可与贵州华缨鱼(胸鳍中点上方有一明显黑斑，背鳍分枝鳍条8，腹鳍分枝 鳍条8，背鳍前鳞12—14，头长为眼径4．O一5．0倍，眼径为头宽16．6％一20．7％，吻须后伸不达后鼻孔后缘， 口角须后伸至眼前缘，体长为尾柄高7．2—8．2倍，头长为吻长1．9—2．2倍)相区别；(2)新种背鳍前鳞15— 16，侧线鳞39～40，侧线上鳞4．5—5．5，背鳍分枝鳍条7，鳃耙13，腹鳍末端伸达肛门，眼径为头宽44．7％一 57．8％，可与宽唇华缨鱼(背鳍前鳞22，侧线鳞42—45，侧线上鳞6．5，背鳍分枝鳍条8，鳃耙10，腹鳍末端 不达肛门，眼径为头宽23．3％一30．O％)相区别；(3)新种与同水系的小口华缨鱼在鳍条数、侧线鳞、体色、 斑纹等方面最为相似，但新种围尾柄鳞14／16，眼大，头长为眼径2．5—3．1倍，腹鳍末端伸达肛门，口角须后 伸至眼前缘至眼中之间或眼中至眼后缘之间，吻皮边缘深裂成小穗，背鳍起点距吻端较距尾鳍基为近，背鳍长 大于头长，体长为尾柄长4．8—5．9倍，头长为吻长2．5—3．7倍，尾柄长为尾柄高1．6—2．1倍，可与之(围尾 柄鳞12，眼小，头为眼径4．4—4．6倍，腹鳍末端不达肛门，口角须伸达眼下方，吻皮边缘不开裂或开裂不明 显，背鳍起点距吻端等于距尾鳍基，背鳍条约等于头长，体长为尾柄长6．1—6．4倍，头长为吻长2，1—2．4倍， 尾柄长为尾柄高1．4—1．5倍)相区别。

眼镜蛇毒因子消耗补体对大鼠移植心急性排斥反应的抑制作用

目的 研究中华眼镜蛇毒因子(CVF)消耗补体对大鼠心脏移植急性排斥反应的影响.方法 以近交系BN大鼠为供者,Lewis大鼠为受者,建立腹腔异位心脏移植模型.实验分为2组,每组8只.CVF组:心脏移植术前3 d、2 d时,经受者尾静脉注射CVF 50 μg/kg;术前12 h至移植心停跳时,经尾静脉注射CVF 20 μg/kg,每2 d注射1次.对照组:术前、术后不给予受者任何特殊处理.术后观察移植心的存活时间,测定术后第1、3、5和6d及移植心停跳时的血清总补体活性(CH50法)、移植心C3沉积及CD3+T细胞浸润情况,并观察移植心的病理变化.结果 CVF组和对照组的移植心存活时间分别为(11.69±0.72)d和(6.65±0.35)d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).CVF组移植心组织内C3沉积和CD3+T细胞浸润程度均较对照组同期明显减轻,病理损害程度也较对照组同期明显减轻.结论 CVF消耗补体对大鼠心脏移植急性排斥反应起到了明显的抑制作用,从而延长移植心存活时间.

滇南、滇东南黑冠长臂猿分布与数量

滇南、滇东南曾是黑冠长臂猿广泛分布的地区之一.为掌握该地区近年黑冠长臂猿分布及种群数量现状,从2003年7月～2004年12月,采用访问调查及利用鸣声定位法进行了实地调查.调查结果显示,在近40 000 km2的范围内,东黑冠长臂猿(Nomascus sp.cf.nasutus)在云南境内可能已消失;西黑冠长臂猿(N.concolor)亦仅发现4～7个种群,且孤立分布于3个地区(金平芭蕉河2群6只,金平西隆山1-2群,绿春黄连山1～3群,总计不超过25只),而在江城牛倮河自然保护区、马关古林箐自然保护区、麻栗坡老君山自然保护区及屏边大围山自然保护区可能已绝迹.滇南、滇东南黑冠长臂猿分布区缩小及种群数量剧减,主要与栖息地丧失及过度捕猎有关.

松花江浮游生物群落DNA指纹与物种组成比较研究

对2006年1月采自松花江红旗渡口到同江7个样点的浮游生物群落进行了RAPD指纹分析,进而探讨了河流生态系统浮游生物群落DNA指纹与物种组成之间的关系.筛选出的8条随机引物扩增的谱带全为多态性带,其中特有条带所占比例最大(30.2%);形态分类共检测到浮游生物66种,且没有检测到7个样点的共有种类;这些结果显示研究区域浮游生物群落相似性比较低,环境差异性较大.基于DNA指纹的聚类进一步表明,同江、红旗渡口和佳木斯的浮游生物群落较为相似而聚为一枝,哨口、肇源和哈尔滨为一枝,而松原成为单独的一枝.物种组成则将

中华鮡与前臀鮡的形态差异和物种有效性

采用主成分分析方法研究中华与前臀物种的有效性问题,并利用主成分分析结果中起主要作用的性状作差异性的统计分析,为分类性状的相关性提供了数学依据。结果表明:1)中华与前臀的主要鉴别特征在于前者之臀鳍起点至尾鳍基的距离小于至腹鳍起点的距离,后者反之;2)前者尾柄高大于前鼻孔至眼前缘距离后者反之;3)前者脂鳍基末端至尾鳍背侧起点的距离小于尾柄高,后者反之。据主成分分析及显著性t值检验结果。笔者观点与原文献作者观点完全一致,中华与前臀应是两个不同独立种。两物种形态上的差异主要表现在与游泳等行为有关的性状

武汉东湖沉积物氮磷形态垂向分布研究

以武汉东湖为研究对象,分析并比较了3个采样点柱状沉积物中各种形态氮、磷的垂向分布,并结合pH进行了研究.结果表明:东湖沉积物pH小于上覆水中pH并随沉积物深度增加呈下降趋势.总氮与总磷均为处于湖湾区的1号点最高,2号点湖心最低,3号点居中.氨氮和硝酸盐氮也表现为1号点远远大于2号点和3号点.随着近年治污力度的加大,1号点的氮磷水平呈下降趋势,但是3号点受面源污染影响,氮、磷水平上升很快,甚至在表层已经和1号点持平.磷虽然仍然是东湖最主要的限制性营养元素,但受硝化与反硝化作用及聚磷菌的影响,近20a来,东湖

池塘水华与底层磷营养状态的关系

比较了武汉东郊相邻池塘间隙水、上覆水与沉积物中磷形态、水相中与不同大小颗粒相联系的碱性磷酸酶活性 (APA)、溶解态与沉积物APA动力学参数及沉积物有机质的含量。铜绿微囊藻 (Microcystisaeruginosa)出现或繁盛的池塘上覆水中正磷酸盐 (O—P)或间隙水中不同形态磷的浓度较高 ,而底层水相不同形态磷浓度较低的池塘叶绿素的浓度亦低 ,且未见铜绿微囊藻 ,故水华与底层磷营养之间联系紧密。各塘沉积物磷主要以铁结合态形式存在 ,铜绿微囊藻繁盛的池塘沉积物中铁结合态磷含量较低 ,而有机质含量较高

Local structure of Mn in (La1-xHox) 2/3Ca1/3MnO3 studied by X-ray absorption fine structure

Results of X-ray absorption fine structure measurements in manganites (La1-xHox)2/3Ca1/3MnO3 with 0.15 < x < 0.50 are presented. When LaMnO3 is doped with a, divalent element such as Ca2+, substituting for La3+, holes are induced in the filled Mn d orbitais. This leads to a, strong ferromagnetic coupling between Mn sites. Ca ions in La1-xCa xMnO3 introduce a distortion of the crystal lattice and mixed valence Mn ions (Mn3+ and Mn4+). On the other hand, in manganites (La1-xHox)2/3Ca 1/3MnO3 the substitution of La for Ho causes a lattice distortion and induces a disorder, which reduces a magnetic interaction. The ferromagnetic transition temperature and conductivity decrease very quickly with increasing x. The magnetic and transport properties of compounds depend on the local atomic structure around Mn ions. The information on the bond lengths and Debye-Waller factor are obtained from the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data analysis. The charge state of Mn is determined from the position of the absorption edge in X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) data. XAFS results are in good agreement with magnetic characteristics of the studied materials.

草鱼、中华鳖IL-2活性影响因素的研究

结果显示 :当年草鱼种和中华鳖脾细胞培养上清液中能检测出IL 2活性 ,而且 1龄以上草鱼、中华鳖的IL 2活性高于当年孵化的草鱼和中华鳖。草鱼、中华鳖脾细胞在 2 5℃培养温度条件下 ,其上清液中IL 2活性最高 ,35℃次之 ,1 5℃最低。因此 ,草鱼、中华鳖IL 2活性在一定范围内是随着年龄增加而增强和依赖温度的。通过小鼠胸腺细胞增殖和对小鼠L92 9细胞杀伤率的实验表明 37℃比 2 5℃检测温度下所测的IL 2活性高 ,而中华鳖胸腺细胞增殖实验却显示 2 5℃检测温度下IL 2活性高于 37℃