Humanidades digitales y la escuela 2.0

During the last decades the growth and development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have led us to a new social paradigm that reflects a deep change not only in an individual but also in a social behavioural pattern. All these changes define the so-called knowledge and information society. This social evolution has had different textual states and types as its main core and instrument of transformation therefore scholars and specialists in the field of Humanities have not missed the opportunity of studying recent phenomena, which have come from the current setting given by new technologies. Researchers in Humanities have had to reconsider their own traditional working method based on printed text in order to analyse how nowadays we search for data, select them, analyse them and the ways we create and spread new information and knowledge. Having in mind this scenario where humanist works, the concept of Digital Humanities has arisen conditioned by the existence of cyberspace, digital text, hypertext, on-line text, implementation of new ways of communication, global access to information and various elements which build a common methodology for all humanistic disciplines. Most of these changes have affected the educational system and education as an academic and humanistic discipline.

Autoavaliação das competências de informação em estudantes universitários

Nas últimas décadas foram feitos grandes esforços para definir, conhecer e avaliar quais são as competências informativas que os estudantes universitários necessitam para poder progredir na sua aprendizagem e na sua inserção no mercado laboral. Apesar do argumento de que os avanços tecnológicos facilitaram o acesso à informação, existe uma preocupação constante, porque os estudantes universitários não possuem competências suficientes para gerir e usar a informação: gerem quantidades enormes de informação através da Internet, mas não sabem o que fazer com ela, como avaliá-la, de que modo devem usá-la ou aproveitá-la de forma estratégica e ética. O questionário IL-HUMASS sobre literacia da informação foi concebido e desenhado com o objetivo de avaliar competências de informação e para ser aplicado à população de estudantes, professores e profissionais da informação dos diversos níveis na área das Ciências Sociais e Humanas nas universidades espanholas e portuguesas. Contém 26 itens agrupados em quatro categorias (pesquisa, avaliação, processamento e comunicação e difusão da informação) e em três dimensões de autoavaliação (importância, autoavaliação e fonte favorita de aprendizagem). A avaliação das qualidades psicométricas do IL-HUMASS para Português foi feita numa amostra de 1.077 estudantes universitários portugueses. A análise fatorial exploratória do questionário indicou um ajustamento aceitável, apoiando a estrutura original composta por quatro categorias para cada dimensão. O IL-HUMASS apresentou características psicométricas aceitáveis de consistência interna e validade de constructo. As características psicométricas do IL-HUMASS validam a sua utilização no nosso país em estudos que requeiram a avaliação de múltiplos indicadores, apresentando-se como particularmente útil para avaliar e diagnosticar competências em literacia da informação. Conclui-se com um diagnóstico do nível de competências de informação dos estudantes universitários, destacando algumas forças e debilidades, assim como uma proposta de intervenção subjacente nas oportunidades de melhoria e de necessidades de aprendizagem.

Autoavaliação das competências de informação em estudantes universitários – IL-HUMASS: estudo quantitativo (Parte II)

Nas últimas décadas foram feitos grandes esforços para definir, conhecer e avaliar quais são as competências informativas que os estudantes universitários necessitam para poder progredir na sua aprendizagem e na sua inserção no mercado laboral. Apesar do argumento de que os avanços tecnológicos facilitaram o acesso à informação, existe uma preocupação constante, porque os estudantes universitários não possuem competências suficientes para gerir e usar a informação: gerem quantidades enormes de informação através da Internet, mas não sabem o que fazer com ela, como avaliá-la, de que modo devem usá-la ou aproveitá-la de forma estratégica e ética. O questionário IL-HUMASS sobre literacia da informação foi concebido e desenhado com o objetivo de avaliar competências de informação e para ser aplicado à população de estudantes, professores e profissionais da informação dos diversos níveis na área das Ciências Sociais e Humanas nas universidades espanholas e portuguesas. Contém 26 itens agrupados em quatro categorias (pesquisa, avaliação, processamento e comunicação e difusão da informação) e em três dimensões de autoavaliação (importância, autoavaliação e fonte favorita aprendizagem). A avaliação das qualidades psicométricas do IL-HUMASS para Português foi feita numa amostra de 1.077 estudantes universitários portugueses. A análise fatorial exploratória do questionário indicou um ajustamento aceitável, apoiando a estrutura original composta por quatro categorias para cada dimensão. O IL-HUMASS apresentou características psicométricas aceitáveis de consistência interna e validade de constructo. As características psicométricas do IL-HUMASS validam a sua utilização no nosso país em estudos que requeiram a avaliação de múltiplos indicadores, apresentando-se como particularmente útil para avaliar e diagnosticar competências em literacia da informação. Conclui-se com um diagnóstico do nível de competências de informação dos estudantes universitários, destacando algumas forças e debilidades, assim como uma proposta de intervenção subjacente nas oportunidades de melhoria e de necessidades de aprendizagem.

Expanding our Constitutional Horizons: A Comprehensive Study of Quasi-Constitutionality in Canada

A number of laws in Canada which uphold rights are referred to as quasi-constitutional by the courts in recognition of their special importance. Quasi-constitutional statutes are enacted through the regular legislative process, although they are being interpreted and applied in a fashion which has become remarkably similar to constitutional law, and are therefore having an important affect over other legislation. Quasi-constitutionality has surprisingly received limited scholarly attention, and very few serious attempts at explaining its significance have been made. This dissertation undertakes a comprehensive study of quasi-constitutionality which considers its theoretical basis, its interpretation and legal significance, as well as its similarities to comparable forms of law in other Commonwealth jurisdictions. Part I examines the theoretical basis of quasi-constitutionality and its relationship to the Constitution. As a statutory and common law form of fundamental law, quasi-constitutionality is shown to signify an association with the Canadian Constitution and the foundational principles that underpin it. Part II proceeds to consider the special rules of interpretation applied to quasi-constitutional legislation, the basis of this interpretative approach, and the connection between the interpretation of similar provisions in quasi-constitutional legislation and the Constitution. As a statutory form of fundamental law, quasi-constitutional legislation is given a broad, liberal and purposive interpretation which significantly expands the rights which they protect. The theoretical basis of this approach is found in both the fundamental nature of the rights upheld by quasi-constitutional legislation as well as legislative intent. Part III explores how quasi-constitutional statutes affect the interpretation of regular legislation and how they are used for the purposes of judicial review. Quasi-constitutional legislation has a significant influence over regular statutes in the interpretative exercise, which in some instances results in conflicting statutes being declared inoperable. The basis of this form of judicial review is demonstrated to be rooted in statutory interpretation, and as such it provides an interesting model of rights protection and judicial review that is not conflated to constitutional and judicial supremacy.

Constructs in Knowledge Organization Systems: Rhythm in Time, Intention, and Form

In the context of the International Society for Knowledge Organization, we often consider knowledge organization systems to comprise catalogues, thesauri, and bibliothecal classification schemes – schemes for library arrangement. In recent years we have added ontologies and folksonomies to our sphere of study. In all of these cases it seems we are concerned with improving access to information. We want a good system.And much of the literature from the late 19th into the late 20th century took that as their goal – to analyze the world of knowledge and the structures of representing it as its objects of study; again, with the ethos for creating a good system. In most cases this meant we had to be correct in our assertions about the universe of knowledge and the relationships that obtain between its constituent parts. As a result much of the literature of knowledge organization is prescriptive – instructing designers and professionals how to build or use the schemes correctly – that is to maximize redundant success in accessing information.In 2005, there was a turn in some of the knowledge organization literature. It has been called the descriptive turn. This is in relation to the otherwise prescriptive efforts of researchers in KO. And it is the descriptive turn that makes me think of context, languages, and cultures in knowledge organization–the theme of this year’s conference.Work in the descriptive turn questions the basic assumptions about what we want to do when we create, implement, maintain, and evaluate knowledge organization systems. Following on these assumptions researchers have examined a wider range of systems and question the motivations behind system design. Online websites that allow users to curate their own collections are one such addition, for example Pinterest (cf., Feinberg, 2011). However, researchers have also looked back at other lineages of organizing to compare forms and functions. For example, encyclopedias, catalogues raisonnés, archival description, and winter counts designed and used by Native Americans.In this case of online curated collections, Melanie Feinberg has started to examine the craft of curation, as she calls it. In this line of research purpose, voice, and rhetorical stance surface as design considerations. For example, in the case of the Pinterest, users are able and encouraged to create boards. The process of putting together these boards is an act of curation in contemporary terminology. It is describing this craft that comes from the descriptive turn in KO.In the second case, when researchers in the descriptive turn look back at older and varied examples of knowledge organization systems, we are looking for a full inventory of intent and inspiration for future design. Encyclopedias, catalogues raisonnés, archival description, and works of knowledge organization in other cultures provide a rich world for the descriptive turn. And researchers have availed themselves of this.

Recours aux services de soutien formel par les parents immigrants d’un enfant en situation de handicap

Les parents immigrants d’un enfant en situation de handicap présentent davantage de sources de vulnérabilité que d’autres parents. Cette situation peut diminuer le temps disponible et altérer leur implication dans le programme de réadaptation de leur enfant. L’objectif de cette thèse doctorale est de déterminer les attentes et les besoins en services de soutien formel de ces parents, afin de leur proposer une aide adaptée à leurs conditions de vie, et ceci, au fur et à mesure que l’enfant grandit. D’abord, une étude de la portée des écrits scientifiques est menée dans le but de mieux cerner les connaissances existantes en lien avec le recours aux services de soutien par les parents immigrants (chapitre 1). Les vingt publications sélectionnées indiquent que l’aide pour trouver de l’information s’avère la plus requise, que ce soit au sujet de la condition de l’enfant, du fonctionnement sociosanitaire et éducatif du pays d’accueil, ou encore des services de soutien. En outre, la transmission de ces informations peut se compliquer en cas de non-maîtrise de la langue du pays d’accueil ou lorsque des interculturelles apparaissent entre les parents immigrants et les différents intervenants rencontrés. Quant au non-recours aux aides formelles, il semble principalement dû à l’inadéquation entre l’aide concrète et les attentes des parents, au soutien informel reçu, à la méconnaissance des opportunités d’obtenir des services d’aide destinés aux parents, ou encore à un épuisement non ressenti. Compte tenu du nombre restreint d’écrits scientifiques recensés, des entrevues semi-dirigées sont conduites auprès de 28 parents immigrants d’un enfant en situation de handicap dans la province du Québec (Canada) dans le cadre d’une recherche de plus grande envergure portant sur la communication avec les intervenants en petite enfance (chapitre 2). Le but de cette deuxième étude est de mieux saisir l’utilisation des services de soutien formel par les parents immigrants et les facteurs influençant leurs choix. Il faut préciser que les propos recueillis restent très centrés sur les services destinés à l’enfant. Le soutien pour recevoir des informations et l’accompagnement à la décision apparaissent comme les aides formelles les plus utilisées par les participants, suivies du soutien à l’éducation, de l’écoute active et de l’aide financière. Cinq facteurs semblent guider le recours au soutien formel qui est destiné aux parents, soit : (1) leur perception de la condition de leur enfant, (2) l’accès à l’information, (3) leurs stratégies et leur capacité d’agir, (4) l’implication du réseau informel, et (5) leur perception de leur besoin de services de soutien. Suite à ces résultats, de nouvelles entrevues semi-dirigées sont menées auprès de huit parents immigrants d’enfants d’âges différents à Montréal et à Québec. Cette démarche permet d’approfondir le thème du recours au soutien formel destiné aux parents, et ce, au fur et à mesure que l’enfant grandit (chapitre 3). Le guide d’entretien conçu pour cette étude met l’emphase sur les attentes et les besoins des parents immigrants afin d’atteindre un équilibre dans toutes les sphères de leur vie. Suite à une analyse thématique exploratoire du discours des parents et par l’application d’un modèle de stress et de coping, sept principales sources de stress sont mises en évidence : (1) le parcours migratoire, (2) la condition de l’enfant, (3) l’organisation sociosanitaire du pays d’accueil, (4) l’insertion professionnelle, (5) la relation de couple, (6) le réseau social, et (7) l’état de santé du parent. Afin de faire face à ces circonstances difficiles, les parents immigrants recourent principalement à de l’aide financière, du soutien pour obtenir des informations, de l’accompagnement à la décision, de l’aide en éducation et pour le transport. La satisfaction exprimée varie, notamment en raison des divergences entre les attentes et les services obtenus (soutien en éducation, écoute active, services de garde), ainsi qu’en termes de quantité d’aide reçue (soutien financier, informations, accompagnement à la décision). Un modèle théorique original est proposé afin d’illustrer le contexte parental en termes d’attentes, de besoins et de recours au soutien. Si certains moments de la vie de l’enfant peuvent entraîner un stress supplémentaire pour les parents (annonce du diagnostic, arrivée à l’école, transition à l’âge adulte), le parcours migratoire semble davantage expliquer le recours aux aides formelles.

Construcción de espacios de comunicación y memoria histórica de las víctimas del conflicto colombiano en el municipio de Bojayá. Una mirada a través de las expresiones musicales (2002-2014)

En Bojayá, Colombia, la música ha posibilitado la visualización, reparación y construcción de memoria histórica de las víctimas de la masacre de 2002 aprovechando dos elementos: La comunicación y el arte. La comunicación, el acceso a mecanismos informativos y de participación son elementos sobre los cuales se basa las estructuras democráticas contemporáneas; mientras que las expresiones artísticas se configuran como herramientas que posibilitan el acceso de la ciudadanía al escenario político. En un escenario con posibilidades limitadas, el arte aparece como una alternativa en un contexto donde las herramientas institucionales han resultado insuficientes. A partir del análisis de las expresiones musicales de los sobrevivientes y el uso de planteamientos de Jürgen Habermas, Juan Rueda, Elizabeth Jelin, entre otros, se analizan los procesos comunicativos de la música que dan lugar a la creación de memoria histórica.

Barreiras e facilitadores à prática do acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico nos serviços farmacêuticos hospitalares portugueses

Objectivos: Identificar e compreender as barreiras e os facilitadores à prática do Acompanhamento Farmacoterapêutico (AFT) nos serviços farmacêuticos hospitalares portugueses. Método: Estudo qualitativo mediante realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas a farmacêuticos hospitalares com e sem experiência no AFT e análise de conteúdo, retroactiva e temática. Resultados: Estrutura dos serviços farmacêuticos: barreiras (1) falta de tempo, organização das actividades orientadas para a logística, instabilidade dos recursos humanos, barreiras físicas à comunicação, relações em divergência; facilitadores (2) reestruturação, trabalho em equipa. Farmacêutico: (1) resistência à mudança, qualificação inadequada; (2) atitude positiva, legitimação, formação. Meio externo: (1) falta de apoio institucional, relacionamento com o doente, o médico e farmacêutico comunitário, ensino inadequado; (2) apoio institucional, procura do doente, cooperação com o médico e o farmacêutico comunitário, ensino adequado. Tecnologia: (1) acesso aos dados clínicos e a informação, método inadequado; (2) acesso à informação, método adequado, documentação, informatização, marketing, boas práticas. Conclusão: As entrevistas semi-estruturadas fornecerem uma visão ampla, detalhada e pragmática dos potenciais determinantes de uma prática generalizada do AFT nos serviços farmacêuticos hospitalares portugueses. /ABSTRACT: Objectives: To identify and understand the barriers and facilitators for the practice of Medication Therapy Management (MTM) in portuguese’s hospital pharmacy. Method: Qualitative study trough semi-structured interviews with MTM experienced and inexperienced hospital pharmacists followed by retroactive content and thematic analysis. Results: Structure of hospital pharmacy: barriers (1) lack of time, activities focused on logistics, instability of human resources, physical barriers to communication, divergent relationships; facilitators (2) restructuring, teamwork. Pharmacist: (1) resistance to change, inadequate skills, (2) positive attitude, legitimating, formation. Environment: (1) lack of institutional support, relationship with patient, physician and community pharmacist, inadequate teaching, (2) institutional support, patient's demand, cooperation with physician and community pharmacist, appropriate teaching. Technology: (1) lack of access to clinical data and information, inadequate method, (2) access to information, appropriate method, documentation, computerization, marketing, good pharmacy practices. Conclusion: The semi-structured interviews provide a broad, comprehensive and pragmatic view of potential determinants for wide practice of MTM in Portuguese’s hospital pharmacy.

Sistema de referenciação geográfica

Nos dias de hoje o acesso à informação por parte das empresas é vital para o bom desempenho das suas funções. As empresas de telecomunicações não fogem à regra, a sua posição no mercado está dependente das decisões que são tomadas com base na avaliação dessa informação. Para suportar os processos de apoio à decisão é coerente recorrer-se a Data Warehouses que permitem integrar informação de diversas fontes, verificando a sua qualidade, actualização e coerência, organizando-a para um fácil acesso e consulta de vários pontos de vista. Numa empresa de telecomunicações móvel, um Data Mart geográfico baseado na informação de tráfego da companhia que pode identificar as localizações preferenciais dos utilizadores na rede é muito importante porque fornece indicadores muito úteis para o departamento de marketing e negócio da empresa de maneira a que se saiba onde e como actuar para permitir que esta se desenvolva e ganhe vantagem no mercado. ABSTRACT: Today the access to information by enterprises is vital for the company’s performance. Telecommunications companies are no exception. Their position in the market is dependent on the decisions that are taken based on the evaluation of such information. To support the decision making process Data Warehouse is today an extremely useful tool; it integrates information from different sources, checking on its validity, quality and update, coherence, organizing it for an easy access and search from various perspectives. ln a mobile telecommunications company a geographical Data Mart-based traffic information that can identify the preferential locations of users on the network is very important It provides useful indicators to the Department of Marketing and Business there by allowing you to know where and how to act and boosting the development of the company.

Innovation Diffusion and Biostimulant knowledge in Moroccan agriculture

Our study focused on Morocco investigating the dissemination of PBs amongst farmers belonging to the first pillar of the GMP, located in the Fès-Meknès region. As well as to assess how innovation adoption is influenced by the network of relationships that various farmers are involved in. We adopted an “ego network” approach to identify the primary stakeholders responsible for the diffusion of PBs. We collected data through “face-to-face” interviews with 80 farmers in April and May 2021. The data were processed with the aim of: 1) analysing the total number of main and specific topics discussed between egos and egos’ alters regarding the variation of some egos attributes; 2) analysing egos’ network characteristics using E-Net software, and 3) identifying the significant variables that influence farmers to access knowledge, use and reuse of PBs a Binary Logistic Regression (LR) was applied. The first result disclosed that the main PBs topics discussed were technical positioning, the need to use PBs, knowledge of PBs, and organic PBs. We noted that farmers have specific features: they have a high school diploma and a bachelor's degree; they are specialised in fruits and cereals farming, and they are managers and members of a professional organisation. The second result showed results of SNA: 1) PBs seem to become generally a common argument for farmers who have already exchanged fertiliser information with their alters; 2) we disclosed a moderate heterogeneity in the networks, farmers have access to information mainly from acquaintances and professionals, and 3) we revealed that networks have a relatively low density and alters are not tightly connected to each other. Farmers have a brokerage position in the networks controlling the flow of information about the PBs. LR revealed that both the farmers’ attributes and the networks’ characteristics influence growers to know, use and reuse PBs.

Consumismo virtuoso? Il rapporto tra politica e consumi in Italia negli anni Settanta

Attraverso l’analisi di riviste femminili, d’attualità e di intrattenimento, fonti raccolte in archivi d’impresa (Eni e Fiat) e fonti legate al mondo pubblicitario, questa tesi vuole indagare il rapporto tra politica e consumo in Italia durante gli anni Settanta. L’analisi è partita dallo studio della crisi petrolifera del 1973, le politiche di austerità e le loro conseguenze sui costumi e i consumi, per poi estendere lo sguardo fino agli anni Ottanta, il decennio definito della “svolta edonistica”. L’analisi delle fonti ha fatto emergere come la sfera del consumo fosse un campo di confronto politico per diverse componenti della società italiana, che appoggiarono o misero in discussione, con modalità e gradi di radicalità differenti, le valutazioni sull’accesso ai consumi proprie della classe politica. I casi studio hanno fatto emergere come sui temi dell’educazione al consumo e l’accesso all’informazione ci sia stato un confronto risultato in una formalizzazione istituzionale, diventata dominante, dell’azione e dei diritti di consumatori e consumatrici. Analizzare questi meccanismi ci permette di complicare la lettura evitando una polarizzazione che veda il consumatore o come totalmente passivo e senza autonomia di pensiero o come investito di un’eccessiva possibilità di azione e di una idealizzata carica progressista. Nel corso degli anni Settanta, infatti, le visioni e prospettive sulla sfera del consumo erano molteplici e complesse e si intrecciavano con l’attualità politica, sia per quel che riguardava gli scandali e le polemiche legate alla élite politica ed economica, sia per quel che concerneva dibattiti come quello sul ruolo della donna nella società e sulla questione ambientale. L’analisi di alcune di queste narrazioni sia problematizza il rapporto tra democrazia e benessere, sia mostra alcune tappe del percorso che ha portato alle definizioni odierne di consumo e consumatore, che sono ancora oggi centrali nel rapporto tra sfera politica e sfera del consumo.

A general proposal to multilingual information access based on syntactic-semantic patterns

In the last few years, there has been a wide development in the research on textual information systems. The goal is to improve these systems in order to allow an easy localization, treatment and access to the information stored in digital format (Digital Databases, Documental Databases, and so on). There are lots of applications focused on information access (for example, Web-search systems like Google or Altavista). However, these applications have problems when they must access to cross-language information, or when they need to show information in a language different from the one of the query. This paper explores the use of syntactic-sematic patterns as a method to access to multilingual information, and revise, in the case of Information Retrieval, where it is possible and useful to employ patterns when it comes to the multilingual and interactive aspects. On the one hand, the multilingual aspects that are going to be studied are the ones related to the access to documents in different languages from the one of the query, as well as the automatic translation of the document, i.e. a machine translation system based on patterns. On the other hand, this paper is going to go deep into the interactive aspects related to the reformulation of a query based on the syntactic-semantic pattern of the request.

Access and use of european information: a comparative analysis

This paper presents some results of a survey on access to European information among a group of 234 users of 55 European Documentation Centres (EDCs), from 21 European Union (EU) Member-States. The findings of the questionnaire made to 88 EDCs' managers, from 26 EU Member-States, will also be analyse. Two different points of view regarding issues related to reasons to access European information, the valued aspects during that access and the use of European databases will be compare.

Accessing Legal Information in Catalonia. Open Acces to Legislation and Case Law

The article outlines free online legal resources to conduct research on Catalan and Spanish legislation and case-law. Most of these resources are primary sources made public by government bodies. The list shows how the Spanish and Catalan governments, in their attempt to promote equal access to legislation and case-law, cover the different jurisdictions. The text also mentions some resources to conduct historical legal research about legislation and case law, and some free legal private websites.

Information retention during competitive interactions : siblings need to constantly repeat vocal displays

Memory is essential to adjust behaviour according to past experience. In societies where animals interact on numerous occasions, memory of previous social interactions may help optimise investment in competition. How long information about the resource holding potential and motivation to compete of conspecifics is retained depends on how fast the value of this information fades, but also on the cost and benefit of retaining information. Information retention has never been investigated in the context of interactions prevailing within the family and more specifically sibling competition. In the absence of parents, barn owl (Tyto alba) nestlings vocally compete for priority of access to the next indivisible food item brought by a parent. The finding that owlets eavesdrop on vocal interactions between siblings to adjust investment in vocalization once competing with them suggests that they memorize siblings' vocal interactions. Playback experiments showed that owlets take into account the past siblings' vocal performance that signals hunger for at least 15 min, but only if the performance was witnessed during a sufficiently long period of time (30 min). Moreover, using natural vocal exchanges in another set of individuals, we showed that sibling signalling was no more taken into account after a few minutes. This suggests that young barn owls need to continuously display their motivation to trigger siblings' withdrawal from the current competition. Repeating a vocal display may ensure its honesty. Studying the extent to which individuals retain past information is important to understand how individuals adjust their competitive investment over resources.