Measuring the Diversity and the Integration of Film Production in Mercosur: A Social Network Analysis

Based on an original and comprehensive database of all feature fiction films produced in Mercosur between 2004 and 2012, the paper analyses whether the Mercosur film industry has evolved towards an integrated and culturally more diverse market. It provides a summary of policy opportunities in terms of integration and diversity, emphasizing the limiter role played by regional policies. It then shows that although the Mercosur film industry remains rather disintegrated, it tends to become more integrated and culturally more diverse. From a methodological point of view, the combination of Social Network Analysis and the Stirling Model opens up interesting research tracks to analyse creative industries in terms of their market integration and their cultural diversity.

From labelling to social aid for immigrants in the 21st Century

Migration is as old as humanity, but since the 1990s migration flows in Western Europe have led to societies that are not just multicultural but so-called «super-diverse». As a result, Western towns now have very complex social structures, with amongst others large amounts of small immigrant communities that are in constant change. In this paper we argue that for social workers to be able to offer adequate professional help to non-native residents in town, they will need balanced view of ‘culture’ and of the role culture plays in social aid. Culture is never static, but is continually changing. By teaching social workers about how to look at cultural backgrounds of immigrant groups and about the limitations of then role that culture plays in communication, they will be better equipped to provide adequate aid and will contribute to making various groups grow towards each other and to avoid people thinking in terms of ‘out-group-homogeneity’. Nowadays, inclusion is a priority in social work that almost every social worker supports. Social workers should have an open attitude to allow them to approach every individual as a unique person. They will see the other person as the person they are, and not as a part of a specific cultural group. Knowledge about the others makes them see the cultural heterogeneity in every group. The social sector, though, must be aware not to fall into the trap of the ‘inclusion mania’! This will cause the social deprivation of a particular group to be forgotten. An inclusive policy requires an inclusive society. Otherwise, this could result in even more deprivation of other groups, already discriminated against. Emancipation of deprived people demands a certain target-group policymaking. Categorized aid will raise efficiency of working with immigrants and of acknowledging the cultural identity of the non-natives group. It will also create the possibility to work on fighting social deprivation, in which most immigrants can be found.

Return Migration in the Ecuadorian and Bolivian population: motivations, strategies and discourses

This article analyses the motivations for return migration among the Ecuadorians and Bolivians who, after living in Spain, returned to their countries of origin during the economic crisis that started in 2008. From the analysis of 22 interviews in-depth which took place in Ecuador and 38 in Bolivia to women, men and young people from migrant families, this decision-making process is shown to be embedded into a gendered dynamics of relationships. Particular detail is given to affective and economic elements that had an influence on the decision to return, as well as to the strategies deployed to project their readjustment back in origin. Males and females occupy differential positions within the family, work and social circle, their expectations being built in a gendered manner. Despite the fact migration has brought women greater economic power within the family group, their reintegration upon return redefines their role as main managers in the household and the dynamics that allow their social reproduction. Men, for their part, aspire to refresh their role as providers in spite of their frail labour position upon return. Social mobility for females is passed on through generations by a strong investment on education for their daughters and sons, while for males this mobility revolves around setting up family businesses and around their demonstrative abilities.

Understandings of transnational families in debates on Migration and development

International migration sets in motion a range of significant transnational processes that connect countries and people. How migration interacts with development and how policies might promote and enhance such interactions have, since the turn of the millennium, gained attention on the international agenda. The recognition that transnational practices connect migrants and their families across sending and receiving societies forms part of this debate. The ways in which policy debate employs and understands transnational family ties nevertheless remain underexplored. This article sets out to discern the understandings of the family in two (often intermingled) debates concerned with transnational interactions: The largely state and policydriven discourse on the potential benefits of migration on economic development, and the largely academic transnational family literature focusing on issues of care and the micro-politics of gender and generation. Emphasizing the relation between diverse migration-development dynamics and specific family positions, we ask whether an analytical point of departure in respective transnational motherhood, fatherhood or childhood is linked to emphasizing certain outcomes. We conclude by sketching important strands of inclusions and exclusions of family matters in policy discourse and suggest ways to better integrate a transnational family perspective in global migration-development policy.

¿Fue la crisis política del Occidente musulmán del siglo XIII debida a un cambio climático? Una aproximación histórica al fin del Periodo Cálido Medieval

Durante el siglo XIII se produjo una sucesión de revueltas que supuso la desaparición del Imperio almohade y su sustitución por poderes regionales en al-Andalus, el Magreb y el Magreb al-Aqsà. La historiografía ha presentado el surgimiento y pugna entre estos poderes como un fenómeno social, político e, incluso, cultural y religioso, con el que se ha podido explicar su aniquilación o marginalización. Este trabajo pretende contextualizar los hechos desde una perspectiva medioambiental, de forma que la desintegración del califato almohade, el surgimiento de aquellos poderes y la progresión de los reinos cristianos en la península ibérica puedan entenderse desde una visión global de cambio climático y una posible crisis agrícola.

O método fenomenológico na pesquisa sobre empreeendedorismo no Brasil

A maioria das pesquisas sobre o empreendedorismo tem sido realizada segundo a perspectiva positivista. Verifica-se, no entanto, tendência para sua investigação sob outros enfoques. Assim, elaborou-se o presente estudo, que tem como objetivos: 1) Discutir a aplicabilidade do método fenomenológico no estudo do empreendedorismo; 2) Analisar o “estado da arte” da investigação acerca do empreendedorismo sob esse enfoque. Trata-se de um ensaio fundamentado em contribuições teóricas e em relatos de pesquisas empíricas de cunho fenomenológico sobre empreendedorismo no Brasil. O método fenomenológico apresenta grande potencial para o estudo do empreendedorismo, pois permite que a ação empreendedora seja conhecida sob o ponto de vista do próprio empreendedor. Contudo, ainda é reduzido o número de pesquisas sobre empreendedorismo com a aplicação desse método. Recomenda-se aos pesquisadores que atentem para o potencial desse método para a compreensão do fenômeno empreendedor e que se disponham a investigá-lo sob a perspectiva dos próprios empreendedores.

Programa de orientación vocacional laboral para personas con discapacidad de la fundación de adaptación laboral- IDEAL

El fin de este trabajo de investigación es optimizar el programa de Orientación Vocacional de la Fundación IDEAL dirigido a los beneficiarios en condición de discapacidad con el fin de favorecer un desempeño satisfactorio en la labor productiva del taller institucional y en el cotidiano de sus vidas para una futura reinserción laboral.

Max Liedtke / Horant Schulz: Knabenchor – Last, Glück, Lebenschance? Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel des Windsbacher Knabenchors. Augsburg: Wißner-Verlag 2012 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Max Liedtke / Horant Schulz: Knabenchor – Last, Glück, Lebenschance? Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel des Windsbacher Knabenchors, Augsburg: Wißner-Verlag 2012 (156 S.; ISBN 978-3-89639-845-1)

Immersions of almost parallizable

An almost parallelizable n-manifold M can be immersed in Euclidean q-space if 2q>3n.

Establecimiento de una panadería artesanal en la comunidad de Chichicaste, municipio de Somoto, departamento de Madríz 2016-2020

El presente informe contiene los resultados del trabajo que se llevó a cabo en la comunidad El Chichicaste, Somoto-Madriz, desarrollado por 2 jóvenes estudiantes de la Lic. En Agronegocios de la UNA en alianza con la ONG RALEIGH, el plan se proyecta a cinco años y tiene como principal objetivo el establecimiento de una panadería en la comunidad, ofreciéndoles a los clientes Pan: simple, Pan pico y polvorón, la venta se realizara a pulperías locales, la demanda de pan es creciente, la metodología se enfatiza en tres fases según el reglamento académico de la UNA, primera fase: selección del modelo de negocio (CANVAS) para elaborar un plan de negocio, segunda fase: la realización de protocolo y la fase final es el diseño del documento, Para la ejecución de la investigación se seleccionó una muestra por conveniencia extrayendo de un universo de: 1,000 habitantes, una población de 10 propietarios de pulperías considerados como parte de la demanda potencial, la estructura del plan de negocio es la siguiente: Naturaleza de negocio aquí se describe las características del negocio cuyo nombre presenta panadería DELI-PAN y significa delicia de pan a su vez cuenta con un logotipo (figura) y lema, misión y visión, un análisis FODA en otros. El plan de Marketing hace referencia al estudio de mercado dando como resultado la presentación en bolsa de 5 libras que contiene 12 piezas a un precio de C$ 10 córdobas. La panadería DELI-PAN cuenta con proyecciones de ventas que abarca del periodo 2016-2020, el plan de producción contiene: un plan semanal para la elaboración de pan, diagrama de procedimiento, así mismo se lleva un registro de proveedores y se alcanzará una producción de 19,845 bolsas de pan para el primer año de operaciones, la estructura organizacional es una estructura simple y lineal. En relación al plan financiero la inversión inicial es de C$ 72,340.00, alcanza un retorno (TIR del 28%), y el valor actual neto (VAN) equivale a: C$7,012.00 y el análisis.

Mixed-layer salinity budget in the tropical Indian Ocean: seasonal cycle based only on observations

The mixed-layer salinity (MLS) budget in the tropical Indian Ocean is estimated from a combination of satellite products and in situ observations over the 2004-2012 period, to investigate the mechanisms controlling the seasonal MLS variability. In contrast with previous studies in the tropical Indian Ocean, our results reveal that the coverage, resolution, and quality of available observations are now sufficient to approach a closed monthly climatology seasonal salt budget. In the South-central Arabian Sea and South-western Tropical Indian Ocean (SCAS and STIO, respectively), where seasonal variability of the MLS is pronounced, the monthly MLS tendency terms are well captured by the diagnostic. In the SCAS region, in agreement with previous results, the seasonal cycle of the MLS is mainly due to meridional advection driven by the monsoon winds. In the STIO, contrasting previous results indicating the control of the meridional advection over the seasonal MLS budget, our results reveal the leading role of the freshwater flux due to precipitation.

Synthesis, characterization and chemical vapor deposition of transition metal di(tert-butyl)amido compounds

Although the transition metal chemistry of many dialkylamido ligands has been well studied, the chemistry of the bulky di(tert-butyl)amido ligand has been largely overlooked. The di(tert-butyl)amido ligand is well suited for synthesizing transition metal compounds with low coordination numbers; such compounds may exhibit interesting structural, physical, and chemical properties. Di(tert-butyl)amido complexes of transition metals are expected to exhibit high volatilities and low decomposition temperatures, thus making them well suited for the chemical vapor deposition of metals and metal nitrides. Treatment of MnBr₂(THF)₂, FeI₂, CoBr₂(DME), or NiBr₂(DME) with two equivalents of LiN(t-Bu)2 in benzene affords the two-coordinate complex M[N(t-Bu)₂]₂, where M is Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni. Crystallographic studies show that the M-N distances decrease across the series: 1.9365 (Mn), 1.8790 (Fe), 1.845 (Co), 1.798 Å (Ni). The N-M- N angles are very close to linear for Mn and Fe (179.30 and 179.45°, respectively), but bent for Co and Ni (159.2 and 160.90°, respectively). As expected, the d⁵ Mn complex has a magnetic moment of 5.53 μΒ that is very close to the spin only value. The EPR spectrum is nearly axial with a low E/D ratio of 0.014. The d⁶ Fe compound has a room temperature magnetic moment of 5.55 μΒ indicative of a large orbital angular momentum contribution. It does not exhibit a Jahn-Teller distortion despite the expected doubly degenerate ground state. Applied field Mössbauer spectroscopy shows that the effective internal hyperfine field is unusually large, Hint = 105 T. The magnetic moments of Co[N(t-Bu)₂]₂ and Ni[N(t-Bu)₂]₂ are 5.24 and 3.02 μΒ respectively. Both are EPR silent at 4.2 K. Treatment of TiCl₄ with three equivalents of LiN(t-Bu)2 in pentane affords the briding imido compound Ti₂[μ-N(t-Bu)]₂Cl₂[N(t-Bu)₂]₂ via a dealkylation reaction. Rotation around the bis(tert-butyl)amido groups is hindered, with activation parameters of ΔH‡ = 12.8 ± 0.6 kcal mol-1 and ΔS‡ = -8 ± 2 cal K-1 ·mol-1, as evidenced by variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. Treatment of TiCl₄ with two equivalents of HN(t-Bu)₂ affords Ti₂Cl₆[N(t-Bu)₂]₂. This complex shows a close-contact of 2.634(3) Å between Ti and the carbon atom of one of the CH₃ substituents on the tert-butyl groups. Theoretical considerations and detailed structural comparisons suggest this interaction is not agostic in nature, but rather is a consequence of interligand repulsions. Treatment of NiI₂(PPh3)₂ and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ with LiN(t-Bu)₂in benzene affords Ni[N(t-Bu)₂](PPh₃)I and Pd₃(μ₂-NBut₂)2(μ₂-PPh₂)Ph(PPh₃) respectively. The compound Ni[N(t-Bu)₂](PPh₃)I has distorted T-shape in geometry, whereas Pd₃(μ₂-NBut₂)₂(μ₂-PPh₂)Ph(PPh₃) contains a triangular palladium core. Manganese nitride films were grown from Mn[N(t-Bu)₂]₂ in the presence of anhydrous ammonia. The growth rate was several nanometers per minute even at the remarkably low temperature of 80⁰C. As grown, the films are carbon- and oxygen-free, and have a columnar morphology. The spacings between the columns become smaller and the films become smoother as the growth temperature is increased. The composition of the films is consistent with a stoichiometry of Mn₅N₂.

French good practice guidelines for management of the risk of low back pain among workers exposed to manual material handling: Hierarchical strategy of risk assessment of work situations

International audience

Adaptivity and a posteriori error control for bifurcation problems I: the Bratu problem

This article is concerned with the numerical detection of bifurcation points of nonlinear partial differential equations as some parameter of interest is varied. In particular, we study in detail the numerical approximation of the Bratu problem, based on exploiting the symmetric version of the interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin finite element method. A framework for a posteriori control of the discretization error in the computed critical parameter value is developed based upon the application of the dual weighted residual (DWR) approach. Numerical experiments are presented to highlight the practical performance of the proposed a posteriori error estimator.