Oscillation flow induced by underwater supersonic gas jets

This paper describes an experimental study on the oscillation flow characteristics of submerged supersonic gas jets issued from Laval nozzles. The flow pattern during the jet development and the jet expansion feedback phenomenon are studied using a high-speed camera and a pressure measurement system. The experimental results indicate that along the downstream distance, the jet has three flow regimes: (1) momentum jet; (2) buoyant jet; (3) plume. In the region near the nozzle exit a so-called bulge phenomenon is found. Bulging of the jet occurs many times before the more violent jet expansion feedback occurs. During the feedback process, the jet diameter can become several times that of the original one depending on the jet Mach number. The frequencies of the jet bulging and the jet expansion feedback are measured.

Experimental Investigation of Performance of a Miniature Direct Methanol Fuel Cell in Short-Term Microgravity

Experimental study of a liquid fed direct methanol fuel cell has been conducted in different gravity environments. A small single cell with 5 cm x 5 cm active area has single serpentine channel on the graphite cathode polar plate and 11 parallel straight channels on the graphite anode flow bed. Cell voltage and current have been measured and two-phase flow in anode channels has been in situ visually observed. The experimental results indicate that the effect of gravity on power performance of the direct methanol fuel cell is large when the concentration polarization governs fuel cells operation. Gravitational effect becomes larger at higher current density. Increasing methanol feeding molarity is conducive to weaken the influence of gravity on performance of liquid fed direct methanol fuel cells. Increasing feeding flow rate of methanol solution from 6 to 15 ml/min could reduce the size of carbon dioxide bubbles, while the influence of gravity still exist. Transport phenomena inside direct methanol fuel cells in microgravity is also analyzed and discussed.

中国科学院力学研究所环境力学重点实验室研究工作进展

中国科学院力学研究所环境力学重点实验室(Key Laboratory of Environmental Mechanics, LEM)是力学研究所重点培育发展的实验室之一.中国科学院力学研究所最早在国内倡导环境力学研究,积极推动力学与环境科学的交叉与融合.早在1960年代就开始环境问题研究,1986年正式组建了环境流体力学研究组,1989年和1992年成立了环境流体力学和环境工程研究室. 1995年合并成立了环境科学与技术研究中心,2007年成立了环境力学中心.经过20余年的发展,人才队伍建设和科研能力建设都达到了较高水平,尤其在流域及海洋水环境、重大工程中的环境与灾害、大气与城市环境、工业节能减排和废弃物处理等方面,逐步形成学科优势,取得了丰硕科研成果,于2008年12月正式成立了环境力学重点实验室

低剂量~(12)C~(6+)离子辐照对小鼠胸腺、脾脏细胞周期及DNA损伤的影响

研究低剂量12C6+离子全身辐照对小鼠胸腺、脾脏细胞周期进程及DNA损伤的影响。以0、10、50、75、100和250mGy12C6+离子全身辐照小鼠,照射后6h处死小鼠,用流式细胞仪检测受辐照小鼠胸腺、脾脏细胞在各细胞周期的百分率,用彗星电泳技术检测受辐照小鼠胸腺脾脏细胞的拖尾率和拖尾长度。所有照射组G0/G1期胸腺细胞百分率明显低于对照组,(p<0.05),10～100mGy照射组S期胸腺细胞百分率显著高于对照组(p<0.01),所有照射组(G2/M)期胸腺细胞百分率明显高于对照组(p<0.05);所有照射组G0/G1期脾细胞百分率明显高于对照组(p<0.01),S期脾细胞百分率显著低于对照组(p<0.05)。彗星电泳结果显示低剂量12C6+离子辐照以剂量依赖的方式引起小鼠胸腺脾脏细胞DNA迁移长度及拖尾率的增加。低剂量的碳离子辐射可促进小鼠胸腺细胞DNA合成,对小鼠脾脏细胞产生抑制作用,使其发生G1期阻滞;同时对胸腺及脾脏细胞造成具有明显剂量效应关系的DNA损伤。

非对称大角度矩形切割磁铁杂散磁场的影响

切割磁铁是环型加速器常用的注入引出元件之一,其在非偏转方向上对束流的影响,直接关系到注入引出束流的轨道匹配。对大角度非对称矩形切割磁铁杂散磁场的影响进行了分析,指出其在非偏转方向上对束流有一定的偏转量,而且此偏转量是不可忽略的。另外,介绍了HIRFL-CSR主环注入切割磁铁对注入轨道匹配的影响,并提出了一种补偿方案,进行了初步的补偿。

~(140)Tb和~(141)Dy的β缓发质子衰变以及~(143)Dy的自旋宇称

利用40Ca+106Cd融合蒸发反应产生了近质子滴线核140Tb和141Dy,配合氦喷嘴带传输系统采用“质子-γ”符合方法观测了它们的β缓发质子衰变,其中包括半衰期、质子能谱和衰变到第二代子核不同低位态的分支比．通过统计理论拟合提取了140Tb和141Dy的基态自旋宇称分别为7±和9／2±．另一方面,用Woods-Saxon Strutinsky方法计算了这两种核限制组态的势能面,由此得到140Tb和141Dy的基态自旋宇称分别为7+和9／2-．此外用同一方法还计算了143Dy的核势能面,从中看出143Dy存在有自旋宇称为1／2+的基态和一个激发能为198keV的11／2-的同质异能态．该结果与2003年Eur．Phys．J． A16:347-351中的143Dy衰变实验数据相符．

从14MeV中子辐照过的锇靶中分离钨

用14MeV中子轰击天然锇靶,取道~(192)Os(n,α)反应生成~(189)W。利用改进的锇蒸馏装置蒸馏OsO_4,完成锇与反应产物的分离;通过四苯砷铼沉淀除去铼。使用HPGe探测器测量了分离的钨样品的γ射线谱,该γ射线谱显示钨样品中杂质元素的去污是令人满意的。

量子噪音与量子Langevin方程

介绍了量子噪音和量子Langevin方程 ,并与经典噪音和经典Langevin方程进行了比较 .量子噪音来源于两种途径 ,第一种与经典噪音相似 ,第二种则起源于Heisengberg测不准原理 .同时 ,也简略给出了量子Langevin方程的推导

BRST quantization and canonical Ward identity of the supersymmetric electromagnetic interaction system

According to the method of path integral quantization for the canonical constrained system in Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin scheme, the supersymmetric electromagnetic interaction system was quantized. Both the Hamiltonian of the supersymmetric electromagnetic interaction system in phase space and the quantization procedure were simplified. The BRST generator was constructed, and the BRST transformations of supersymmetric fields were gotten; the effective action was calculated, and the generating functional for the Green function was achieved; also, the gauge generator was constructed, and the gauge transformation of the system was obtained. Finally, the Ward-Takahashi identities based on the canonical Noether theorem were calculated, and two relations between proper vertices and propagators were obtained.

The neutron/proton ratio of squeezed-out nucleons and the high density behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy

Within a transport model it is shown that the neutron/proton ratio of squeezed-out nucleons perpendicular to the reaction plane, especially at high transverse momenta, in heavy-ion reactions induced by high energy neutron-rich nuclei can be a useful tool for studying the high density behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy.

beta-delayed proton decays of Tb-140 and Dy-140 as well as the spin and parity of Dy-143

Tb-140 and Dy-141 were produced via fusion evaporation in the reaction Ca-40+Cd-106. Their beta-delayed proton decays were studied by means of "p-gamma" coincidence in combination with a He-jet tape transport system, including half-lives, proton energy spectra, gamma-transitions following the proton emissions, and the branching ratios to the low-lying states in the grand-daughter nuclei. The ground-state spins and parities of Tb-140 and Dy-141 were extracted as 7(+/-) and 9/2(+/-), respectively, by fitting the experimental data with a statistical model calculation. The configuration-constrained nuclear potential energy surfaces (NPES) of Tb-140 and Dy-141 were calculated by using the Woods-Saxon Strutinsky method, which indicate the ground-state spins and parities of Tb-140 and Dy-147 to be 7(+) and 9/2(-), respectively. In addition, the configuration-constrained NPES of Dy-143 was also calculated by using the same method. From the NPES a 1/2(+) ground state and a 11/2(-) isomer with the excitation energy of 198keV were found. The calculated results are consistent with our experimental data on the decay of Dy-143 reported in Eur. Phys. J., 2003, A16: 347-351.

beta-delayed proton decays and spin assignments for Tb-140, Dy-141 and Dy-143

The proton-rich isotopes Tb-140 and Dy-141 were produced via the fusion evaporation reaction Ca-40+ Cd-106. Their beta-delayed proton decays were studied by p-gamma coincidence in combination with a He-jet tape transport system, and half-lives, proton energy spectra, gamma-transitions following the proton emission, as well as beta-delayed proton branching ratios to the low-lying states in the grand-daughter nuclei were determined. Comparing the experimental data with statistical model calculations, the ground-state spins of Tb-140 and Dy-141 were found to be consistent with 7 and 9/2, respectively. The configuration-constrained nuclear potential energy surfaces (NPES) of Tb-140 and Dy-141 were calculated using the Woods-Saxon-Strutinsky method, which suggest the ground-state spins and parities of Tb-140 and Dy-141 to be 7(+) and 9/2(-), respectively. In addition, the configuration-constrained NPES of Dy-143 were calculated, which predict a 1/2(+) ground state and a 11/2(-) isomer with excitation energy of 198 keV. These findings are consistent with our previous experimental data on Dy-143 reported in Eur. Phys. J. A 16, 347 (2003).

超重谱仪充气段及其初步调试

论文介绍了超重充气谱仪的基本原理及此类装置的国际现状，在此基础上，对中国科学院近代物理研究所超重谱仪充气段的基本情况进行了描述。本工作采用离线和在线的方法对超重谱仪充气段进行了调试。在离线实验中，通过改变α源及探测装置的位置，确定了谱仪的接收度，得到了谱仪对不同能量及发散度的α粒子的传输效率，测试了充气对谱仪传输效率的影响，并对靶厚与传输效率间的关系进行了模拟研究。根据离线实验的结果，对谱仪进行了合理的改进。在线实验利用重离子束流轰击薄靶并观测靶反冲核的方法，确认了束流监测装置的最佳探测器和最佳安装位置，测试了谱仪对一些靶反冲核的传输效率。通过初步调试，测试了该超重谱仪充气段的一些基本性能，测量了谱仪的一些相关参数，为其投入今后的物理实验研究提供了必要的经验和参考