Molecular basis for changes in behavioral state in ant social behaviors.

A hallmark of behavior is that animals respond to environmental change by switching from one behavioral state to another. However, information on the molecular underpinnings of these behavioral shifts and how they are mediated by the environment is lacking. The ant Pheidole pallidula with its morphologically and behaviorally distinct major and minor workers is an ideal system to investigate behavioral shifts. The physically larger majors are predisposed to defend the ant nest, whereas the smaller minors are the foragers. Despite this predisposition, majors are able to shift to foraging according to the needs of the colony. We show that the ant foraging (ppfor) gene, which encodes a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), mediates this shift. Majors have higher brain PKG activities than minors, and the spatial distribution of the PPFOR protein differs in these workers. Specifically, majors express the PPFOR protein in 5 cells in the anterior face of the ant brain, whereas minors do not. Environmental manipulations show that PKG is lower in the presence of a foraging stimulus and higher when defense is required. Finally, pharmacological activation of PKG increases defense and reduces foraging behavior. Thus, PKG signaling plays a critical role in P. pallidula behavioral shifts.

Relatório Estatístico 2009 Ministério de Saúde

A informação estatística que compõe este relatório é o resultado da recolha activa e da transmissão de dados produzidos pelas Delegacias de Saúde, pelos Serviço de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Programa Nacional de Saúde Reprodutiva e Programa Nacional de Luta contra a Tuberculose da Direcção Geral da Saúde, Hospitais Dr. Agostinho Neto e Dr. Baptista de Sousa, Hospitais Regionais de Santa Catarina, São Filipe e Ribeira Grande e Direcção Geral de Farmácia (DGF). Os dados de mortalidade e de outros recursos para a saúde são recolhidos e tratados pelo Serviço de Estatística do GEPC/MS. Várias informações foram incluídas em seis capítulos. O primeiro que apresenta dados demográficos com informações seleccionadas produzidas pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE). No segundo, as informações de Mortalidade do Serviço de Estatística do GEPC são apresentadas por local de residência e não por local do óbito. Para o capítulo do Programa de Saúde Reprodutiva - Cobertura de Serviços de Saúde apresentam-se resultados globais do inquérito de cobertura vacinal realizado pelo Ministério da Saúde em Abril de 2010. O capítulo quarto é semelhante aos relatórios anteriores que é composto com as informações da capacidade instalada da Rede Hospitalar do país e funcionamento. O quinto capítulo apresenta os recursos humanos disponíveis, a infra-estrutura de saúde, a assistência farmacêutica e os gastos com medicamentos e sua distribuição, seguido do capítulo que apresenta a série histórica dos Indicadores do Milénio para o Desenvolvimento. Para finalizar o anexo traz notas explicativas para as tabelas, gráficos, assim como a descrição dos principais indicadores. Tanto no capítulo da morbilidade como no do funcionamento de serviços foram incluídas informações provenientes do banco de dados sobre evacuações referentes a 2009. Sempre que foi possível apresentaram-se séries evolutivas referentes aos últimos dez anos. Espera-se que esse relatório seja útil para os responsáveis da saúde e comunidade sobre as decisões a serem tomadas. A leitura e análise das informações reportadas em tabelas e gráficos fornecem subsídios motivadores para acompanhar a Política Nacional de Saúde, a implementação do PNDS e o entendimento de que dados padronizados e ágeis também salvam vidas.

Iowa Law Enforcement Academy Annual Report, 2005

FY 2005 Annual Report Per Director Westfall

Iowa Civil Rights Commission Annual Reports FY 2009

ICRC works to promote safe, just, and inclusive communities. Safe and inclusive communities are free from discrimination and free from loss of dignity and humanity. Civil rights enforcement helps ensure society receives full benefits of a diverse and inclusive workforce and reduces economic losses from discrimination. To prevent problems and provide a more welcoming economic climate, our agency educates business and industry on civil rights laws and diversity concerns.

Iowa Law Enforcement Academy, Agency Performance Plan, 2007

Annual Report

Audit report on the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy for the year ended June 30, 2006

Iowa Law Enforcement Academy FY2007 Annual Report

FY2007 Annual Report

SPOC Collective Bargaining Agreement 2007-2009, July 2007

This Agreement made and entered into this 1st day of July 2007 at Des Moines, Iowa, pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 20 of the Iowa Code, by and between the State of Iowa (hereinafter referred to as the Employer) and the State Police Officers Council, and its appropriate affiliated sub-organizations (hereinafter referred to as the Council), as representatives of employees employed by the State of Iowa, as set forth specifically in the Recognition Clause.

AFSCME Collective Bargaining Agreement 2007-2009, July 2007

This Agreement made and entered into this 1st day of July 2007, at Des Moines, Iowa, pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 20 of the Code of Iowa, by and between the State of Iowa (hereinafter referred to as the Employer) and the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees, Iowa Public Employees Council 61, AFL-CIO (hereinafter referred to as the Union), and its appropriate affiliated locals, as representatives of employees employed by the State of Iowa, as set forth specifically in Appendix A.

Interbank liquidity crunch and the firm credit crunch: Evidence from the 2007-2009 crisis

We study the credit supply effects of the unexpected freeze of the Europeaninterbank market, using exhaustive Portuguese loan-level data. We find thatbanks that rely more on interbank borrowing before the crisis decrease theircredit supply more during the crisis. The credit supply reduction is stronger forfirms that are smaller, with weaker banking relationships. Small firms cannotcompensate the credit crunch with other sources of debt. Furthermore, theimpact of illiquidity on the credit crunch is stronger for less solvent banks.Finally, there are no overall positive effects of central bank liquidity, but higherhoarding of liquidity.