El desarrollo económico de las Islas Baleares en perspectiva comparada (1950-2000)

El objetivo de este estudio consiste en presentar de forma sumaria la evolución de aquella de las macromagnitudes que mejor sintetiza la actividad productiva de cualquier economía, el Producto Interior Bruto, y en analizar sus cambios durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX en las Islas Baleares. El trabajo se orienta a cuestionar si el modelo de crecimiento en que se ha apoyado el desarrollo económico contemporáneo de las islas presenta las ventajas sobresalientes desde el punto de vista del bienestar material de los ciudadanos que se suele afirmar, puesto que se trataría de “la comunidad autónoma con más alto nivel de renta por habitante de España”. El ejercicio se lleva a cabo exclusivamente a través de las conclusiones que se desprenden de las cuentas de la región según los conceptos convencionales de la contabilidad nacional y regional. Pese a la enorme trascendencia que el autor les reconoce, se dejarán de lado en este ensayo toda una serie de elementos básicos en el debate social como son los costes medioambientales o los daños, a veces irreparables, a un paisaje muy frágil, con el fin de simplificar y dar la máxima claridad a la argumentación. Se emplearán como referencias comparativas los casos de las restantes islas del Mediterráneo europeo occidental, insertas en los Estados francés e italiano: Córcega, Cerdeña y Sicilia.

Material Flow Accounting in Chile, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru (1980-2000)

In this paper we compare the resource flows of Chile, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru between 1980 and 2000. In this time span, the domestic extraction of materials increased in the four countries, mainly due to the mining sector in Chile and Peru, biomass and oil in Ecuador and construction minerals in Mexico. Imports and exports increased too, due to the increasing integration in the international markets, prompted by the liberalization policies undertaken by the four countries between the late 1970s and the late 1990s. The four countries had a negative physical trade balance for most of the period analyzed, meaning that their exports exceeded their imports in terms of weight. However, the increase of imports reduced the physical deficit in Chile, Mexico and Peru. Ecuador’s physical deficit was the highest and did not decrease in the period analyzed. Also, a diversification of exports away from bulk commodities could be observed in Chile and Mexico, and to a lesser extent in Peru, whereas in Ecuador the export sector remained mainly based on oil and biomass. More research is needed to explore the environmental effects of this phenomenon. Also, the indirect flows associated to the direct physical flows deserve to be subject to further analysis.

La Xina del segle XXI (2000-2007): El projecte de Hu Jintao d’una “societat harmònica” amb un “sistema de valors essencials socialista

L’objectiu de la recerca és, mitjançant l’anàlisi dels documents de treball elaborats en el període 2000-2007 pel Govern xinès, aïllar elements ideòlogics per poder respondre a la qüestió de si el pensament tradicional xinès és prou rellevant en les propostes polítiques i en l’activitat de la quarta generació de dirigents comunistes com perquè els principis confucians es puguin considerar peça essencial del pla integral del PCX de “construir el socialisme amb característiques xineses”, dins del qual, el compromís del president Hu Jintao de “construir una societat harmònica socialista” ha adquirit el rang més alt en la jerarquia de principis estratègics.

Socio-economic impact of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games

Paper presented at the 2001 seminar of the International Chair in Olympism (IOC-UAB). The seminar offers a general reflection, from the time of the bid onwards, of the 2000 Games experience in Sydney and Australia.

Keys to interpret the Games: Sydney 2000 Olympics

Document published by the CEO-UAB, corresponding to the results of the research undertaken by the author during the celebration of the Sydney 2000 Games.

Claves para interpretar los Juegos: Sydney 2000

Documento publicado como parte de la colección Working Papers incluyendo los resultados de la investigación llevada a cabo por el autor durante la celebración de los Juegos Olímpicos de Sydney 2000.

Reconstrucció de les temperatures superficials de l’aigua i de l’aire del Skagerrak (Escandinàvia) dels darrers 2000 anys

S’han utilitzat uns proxies nous per a estimar les temperatures superficials de l’aigua i de l’aire dels darrers 2000 anys de la zona de l’estret del Skagerrak per tal d’estudiar l’evolució del clima en aquesta zona i comparar-la amb la tendència del pal d’hoquei observada en diversos registres de l’hemisferi Nord. Els proxies utilitzats estan basats el els GDGTS i són el TEX86, que permet estimar la SST, el MAAT que permet estimar la temperatura mitjana anual de l’aire, el BIT que permet estimar la proporció de material terrestre en sediments marins o lacustres i el CBT que permet estimar el pH del sòl. Aquestes estimacions s’han comparat amb altres registres de la mateixa zona d’estudi. S’observa que el senyal de temperatura estimat pel TEX86 prové d’una zona en la columna d’aigua situada entre la zona fòtica i el fons marí. L’estimació del MAAT permet observar un òptim climàtic medieval, una petita edat del gel i un increment accentuat de les temperatures en els darrers 200 anys en la zona d’estudi. D’altra banda sembla que el MAAT estima la temperatura anual de l’aire a nivell regional, no local. L’estimació del BIT permet observar que la major part del testimoni sedimentari analitzat prové de material autòcton. S’observen dos pics al voltant de 445 DC i 1462 DC que podrien indicar episodis de pluges torrencials i/o canvis en la dinàmica de les corrents marines al Skagerrak. Finalment el pH estimat mitjançant el CBT sembla ser no representatiu dels sòls de Noruega, per tant aquesta forma d’estimar el pH podria ser no vàlida per als sediments marins.

BOI 2.0: disseny d'una implementació de JPEG 2000

JPEG 2000 és un estàndard de compressió d'imatges que utilitza tècniques estat de l’art basades en la transformada wavelet. Els principals avantatges són la millor compressió, la possibilitat d’operar amb dades comprimides i que es pot comprimir amb i sense pèrdua amb el mateix mètode. BOI és la implementació de JPEG 2000 del Grup de Compressió Interactiva d’Imatges del departament d’Enginyeria de la Informació i les Comunicacions, pensada per entendre, criticar i millorar les tecnologies de JPEG 2000. La nova versió intenta arribar a tots els extrems de l’estàndard on la versió anterior no va arribar.

Of Coalition and Speed: Passage and Duration of Statutes in Uruguay's Parliament, 1985-2000

We report preliminary findings from analysis of a database under construction. The paper explores the legislative process in search for some of the alleged consequences of cabinet coalitions in a presidential system. Coalition effects should be less evident in the success of executive initiatives: strategic behavior hampers this intuitive measure of performance. Better measures, because less subject to strategic considerations, are the odds of passage of legislators' bills and the time proposals take to be approved. Thus measured, coalition effects are discernible. Analysis of the universe of proposals processed in the fragmented Uruguayan Parliament between 1985 and 2000 reveals that coalition, observed about half the period, swells success rates of coalition members by 60% on average (and by as much as 150% for those close to the president). Event history analysis shows that coalitions cut the wait for an executive bill by 3 months, 1/6th the average wait. The reverse effect is felt on the duration of legislators' bills.

Genuine savings and future well-being in Germany, 1850-2000

Genuine Savings (GS), also known as ‘net adjusted savings’, is a composite indicator of the sustainability of economic development. Genuine Savings reflects year-on-year changes in the total wealth or capital of a country, including net investment in produced capita, investment in human capital, depletion of natural resources, and damage caused by pollution. A negative Genuine Savings rate suggests that the stock of national wealth is declining and that future utility must be less than current utility, indicating that economic development is non-sustainable (Hamilton and Clemens, 1999). We make use of data over a 150 year period to examine the relationship between Genuine Savings and a number of indicators of well-being over time, and compare the relative changes in human, produced, and components of natural capital over the period. Overall, we find that the magnitude of genuine savings is positively related to changes in future consumption, with some evidence of a cointegrating relationship. However, the relationships between genuine savings and infant mortality or average heights are less clear.

The Emperor Has New Clothes: Empirical Tests of Mainstream Theories of Economic Growth

Modern macroeconomic theory utilises optimal control techniques to model the maximisation of individual well-being using a lifetime utility function. Agents face choices over current and future consumption (with resultant implied savings decisions) seeking to maximise the present value of current plus future well-being. However, such inter-temporal welfare-maximising assumptions remain empirically untested. In the work presented here we test whether welfare was in (historical) fact maximised in the US between 1870-2000 and find empirical support for the optimising basis of growth theory, but only once a comprehensive view of what constitutes a country’s wealth or capital is taken into account.

Firm survival, uncertainty and financial frictions: Is there a financial uncertainty accelerator?

Using a large panel of unquoted UK over the period 2000-09, we examine the impact of firm-specific uncertainty on corporate failures. In this context we also distinguish between firms which are likely to be more or less dependant on bank finance as well as public and non-public companies. Our results document a significant effect of uncertainty on firm survival. This link is found to be more potent during the recent financial crisis compared with tranquil periods. We also uncover significant firm-level heterogeneity since the survival chance of bank-dependent and non-public firms are most affected by changes in uncertainty, especially during the recent global financial crisis.

Firm survival, uncertainty and financial frictions: Is there a financial uncertainty accelerator?

Using a large panel of unquoted UK firms over the period 2000-09, we examine the impact of firm-specific uncertainty on corporate failures. In this context we also distinguish between firms which are likely to be more or less dependent on bank finance as well as public and non-public companies. Our results document a significant effect of uncertainty on firm survival. This link is found to be more potent during the recent financial crisis compared with tranquil periods. We also uncover significant firm-level heterogeneity since the survival chances of bank-dependent and non-public firms are most affected by changes in uncertainty, especially during the recent global financial crisis.