Efficiency calibration of neutron detector array for beta decay of exotic nuclei

The research of the in-beam efficiency calibration of Neutron Detector Array of Peking University using N-17 and C-16 beams was introduced in this paper. The efficiency of neutron wall and ball are comparable to the foreign similar devices and neutrons can be detected from low to high energies in high efficiency.

Properties of alpha-decay to ground and excited states of heavy nuclei

Branching ratios and half-lives of alpha-decay to the ground-state rotational bands as well as the high-lying excited states of even-even nuclei have been calculated in the framework of the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM) and Royer's formula that we improved very recently. The calculation covers the isotopic chains from Ra to No in the mass regions 222 <= A <= 252 and 88 <= Z <= 102. The agreement between the calculated results and the experimental data indicates the reliability of investigating the properties of the unfavored alpha-decay with our method, especially the improved Royer's formula, which is very valuable for the analysis of experimental data. In addition, the dependence of half-lives on excitation energies of daughter nuclei has been investigated. It is shown that the influence on half-lives becomes stronger and stronger with the increase of the excitation energies.

Discovery of Highly Excited Long-Lived Isomers in Neutron-Rich Hafnium and Tantalum Isotopes through Direct Mass Measurements

A study of cooled Au-197 projectile-fragmentation products has been performed with a storage ring. This has enabled metastable nuclear excitations with energies up to 3 MeV, and half-lives extending to minutes or longer, to be identified in the neutron-rich nuclides Hf-183,Hf-184,Hf-186 and Ta-186,Ta-187. The results support the prediction of a strongly favored isomer region near neutron number 116.

Fine structure of alpha decay to rotational states of heavy nuclei

To gain a better insight into alpha-decay fine structure, we calculate the relative intensities of alpha decay to 2(+) and 4(+) rotational states in the framework of the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM) and improved Royer's formula. The calculated relative intensities of a decay to 2(+) states are in good agreement with the experimental data. For the relative intensities of alpha decay to 4(+) states, a good agreement with experimental data is achieved for Th and U isotopes. The formula we obtain is useful for the analysis of experimental data of alpha-decay fine structure. In addition, some predicted relative intensities which are still not measured are provided for future experiments.

PROPERTIES OF ALPHA DECAY TO ROTATIONAL BANDS OF HEAVY NUCLEI

In the framework of the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM) and improved Royer's formula, we investigate the branching ratios and half-lives of alpha-decay to the members of the ground-state rotational bands of heavy even-even Fm and No isotopes. The calculated results are in good agreement with the available experimental data and some useful predictions are provided for future experiments.

143Pm高自旋态和重丰中子新核素的合成及衰变性质研究

本论文从内容上可以分为两大部分：第一部分：对近球形核~(143)Pm高自旋态进行的在束γ研究。这一部分是本文的重点。利用能量为82和90 MeV的~(19)F束流，通过融合蒸发反应~(128)Te (~(19)F,4nγ) ~(143)Pm布局~(143)Pm的高自旋态。利用联合在束装置(JIBGE)的10套带BGO反康的HPGe探测器进行了标准在束γ谱学测量，包括γ射线的激发函数、γ单谱、γ-γ-t符合谱以及DCO测量。在已有工作的基础上，建立了~(143)Pm激发能高达10.5 MeV，自旋约为(61/2)h的高自旋态能级结构。观测到了28条新的跃迁能级和48条新的γ射线。对两个已知的同质异能态寿命进行了提取，并在8 MeV激发能附近进行了高自旋态同质异能态的搜索。以~(142)Nd，~(144)Sm为核实，用零级弱耦合模型对~(143)Pm的晕态能级结构进行了定量的解释。计算表明，直到激发能Ex = 6.77 MeV，自旋宇称J~π = (37/2~+)的晕态能级都可以用弱耦合模型进行很好的解释。但是，对于更高激发能的能级，组态情况要复杂的多，有出现N = 82中子闭壳打破的可能。同时，利用大基壳模型OXBASH程序对其能级结构进行了计算和讨论，其结果支持弱耦合模型的假设。第二部分：利用中能重离子的多核子转移反应，(~(186)W-2p + 2n)，(~(238)U-2p + 2n)对丰中子核~(186)Hf和~(238)Th进行了合成和鉴别。测量它们的半衰期分别为(2.6 ± 1.2) min和 (9.4 ± 2.0) min，与用质子一中子准粒子随机相近似方法的预言值是相符的。同时，对β延发裂变先驱核~(230)Ac进行了实验研究。观测到了它的两个裂变事件，得到~(230)Acβ延发裂变几率为(1.19 ± 0.85) * 10~(-8)。从而使~(230)Ac成为世界上第一种被确认了的基态β延发裂变先驱核。

CO_2和O_3体积分数升高对银杏希尔反应活力和叶绿体ATP酶活性的影响

近年来,随着温室气体体积分数不断上升,研究CO2和O3体积分数升高对植物的影响已取得一定进展,但二者对植物的复合作用及生理研究不够深入。文章利用开顶式气室研究了大气CO2和O3体积分数升高对银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)光合特性的影响。结果表明,在整个生长季内,与对照相比,在大气CO2体积分数为700×10-6条件下,银杏叶片净光合速率显著增加(P<0.05),希尔反应活力增大,Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase活性增强,光合产物可溶性糖和淀粉含量增多;而在O3体积分数为80×10-9的情况下,银杏叶片净光合速率下降,希尔反应活力减小,Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase活性减弱,光合产物可溶性糖和淀粉含量减少;在CO2和O3复合作用(700×10-6+80×10-9)条件下,银杏叶片净光合速率、希尔反应活力、可溶性糖和淀粉均有所增加,且淀粉含量增加极显著(P<0.01),而Ca2+-ATPase活性先增强后减弱,Mg2+-ATPase活性先减弱后增强。说明CO2可缓解O3对银杏的负效应,而O3亦对CO2的正效应有削弱作用。

Low-temperature heat capacities and derived thermodynamic functions of cyclohexane

The low-temperature heat capacities of cyclohexane were measured in the temperature range from 78 to 350 K by means of an automatic adiabatic calorimeter equipped with a new sample container adapted to measure heat capacities of liquids. The sample container was described in detail. The performance of this calorimetric apparatus was evaluated by heat capacity measurements on water. The deviations of experimental heat capacities from the corresponding smoothed values lie within +/-0.3%, while the inaccuracy is within +/-0.4%, compared with the reference data in the whole experimental temperature range. Two kinds of phase transitions were found at 186.065 and 279.684 K corresponding solid-solid and solid-liquid phase transitions, respectively. The entropy and enthalpy of the phase transition, as well as the thermodynamic functions {H-(T)- H-298.15 K} and {S-(T)-S-298.15 K}, were derived from the heat capacity data. The mass fraction purity of cyclohexane sample used in the present calorimetric study was determined to be 99.9965% by fraction melting approach.

长白山阔叶红松林太阳辐射分光谱特征

根据对林冠上方和林下太阳辐射的观测及气象站资料,分析了长白山阔叶红松林太阳辐射分光谱特征.结果表明,长白山阔叶红松林区太阳总辐射、直接辐射、散射辐射的光合有效辐射系数有一定的日变化和年变化,年平均值分别为046、043、056.阔叶红松林中不同树种的单叶对于太阳总辐射的反射率、透射率、吸收率的平均值分别为270%、234%、496%.单叶的分光谱反射、透射和吸收的特点是,单叶对紫外辐射几乎全部吸收;对光合有效辐射的吸收也很大(718%),透射很小(96%),有一定的反射(186%);对近红外辐射、反射率和透射率接近吸收率小些(269%).林冠分光谱辐射特点是,可见光和紫外辐射主要被林冠吸收(939%、941%),有少量反射和透过;林冠对近红外辐射的吸收较大(592%),有一定的反射(263%),透过较少(144%).