Energy based approach for the evaluation of damage under partial slip and gross sliding condition

Three possible contact conditions may prevail at a contact interface depending on the magnitude of normal and tangential loads, that is, stick condition, partial slip condition or gross sliding condition. Numerical techniques have been used to evaluate the stress field under partial slip and gross sliding condition. Cattaneo and Mindlin approach has been adapted to model partial slip condition. Shear strain energy density and normalized strain energy release rate have been evaluated at the surface and in the subsurface region. It is apparent from the present study that the shear strain energy density gives a fair prediction for the nucleation of damage, whereas the propagation of the crack is controlled by normalized strain energy release rate. Further, it has been observed that the intensity of damage strongly depends on coefficient of friction and contact conditions prevailing at the contact interface. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

New physics in e(+)e(-) -> Z(gamma) at the ILC with polarized beams: explorations beyond conventional anomalous triple gauge boson couplings

One of the most-studied signals for physics beyond the standard model in the production of gauge bosons in electron-positron collisions is due to the anomalous triple gauge boson couplings in the Z(gamma) final state. In this work, we study the implications of this at the ILC with polarized beams for signals that go beyond traditional anomalous triple neutral gauge boson couplings. Here we report a dimension-8 CP-conserving Z(gamma)Z vertex that has not found mention in the literature. We carry out a systematic study of the anomalous couplings in general terms and arrive at a classification. We then obtain linear-order distributions with and without CP violation. Furthermore, we place the study in the context of general BSM interactions represented by e(+)e(-)Z(gamma) contact interactions. We set up a correspondence between the triple gauge boson couplings and the four-point contact interactions. We also present sensitivities on these anomalous couplings, which will be achievable at the ILC with realistic polarization and luminosity.

On the stability of the L-p-norm of the Riemannian curvature tensor

We consider the Riemannian functional defined on the space of Riemannian metrics with unit volume on a closed smooth manifold M where R(g) and dv (g) denote the corresponding Riemannian curvature tensor and volume form and p a (0, a). First we prove that the Riemannian metrics with non-zero constant sectional curvature are strictly stable for for certain values of p. Then we conclude that they are strict local minimizers for for those values of p. Finally generalizing this result we prove that product of space forms of same type and dimension are strict local minimizer for for certain values of p.

Tailoring the interface of an immiscible polymer blend by a mutually miscible homopolymer grafted onto graphene oxide: outstanding mechanical properties

A unique strategy was adopted here to improve the compatibility between the components of an immiscible polymer blend and strengthen the interface. PMMA, a mutually miscible polymer to both PVDF and ABS, improved the compatibility between the phases by localizing at the blends interface. This was supported by the core-shell formation with PMMA as the shell and ABS as the core as observed from the SEM micrographs. This phenomenon was strongly contingent on the concentration of PMMA in the blends. This strategy was further extended to localize graphene oxide (GO) sheets at the blends interface by chemically coupling it to PMMA (PMMA-g-GO). A dramatic increment of ca. 84% in the Young's modulus and ca. 124% in the yield strength was observed in the presence of PMMA-g-GO with respect to the neat blends. A simultaneous increment in both the strength and the modulus was observed in the presence of PMMA-g-GO whereas, only addition of GO resulted in a moderate improvement in the yield strength. This study reveals that a mutually miscible polymer can render compatibility between the immiscible pair and can improve the stress transfer at the interface.

Why is the influence of soil macrofauna on soil structure only considered by soil ecologists?

These last twenty years have seen the development of an abundant literature on the influence of soil macrofauna on soil structure. Amongst these organisms, earthworms, termites and ants are considered to play a key role in regulating the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of soils. Due to these influential impacts, soil ecologists consider these soil macro-invertebrates as `soil engineers' and their diversity and abundance are nowadays considered as relevant bioindicators of soil quality by many scientists and policy makers. Despite this abundant literature, the soil engineering concept remains a `preach to the choir' and bioturbation only perceived as important for soil ecologists. We discussed in this article the main mechanisms by which soil engineers impact soil structure and proposed to classify soil engineers with respect to their capacity to produce biostructures and modify them. We underlined the lack of studies considering biostructure dynamics and presented recent techniques in this purpose. We discussed why soil engineering concept is mainly considered by soil ecologists and call for a better collaboration between soil ecologists and soil physicists. Finally, we summarized main challenges and questions that need to be answered to integrate soil engineers activities in soil structure studies. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Role of electrical resistance of electrodes in modeling of discharging and charging of flooded lead-acid batteries

Electrical resistance of both the electrodes of a lead-acid battery increases during discharge due to formation of lead sulfate, an insulator. Work of Metzendorf 1] shows that resistance increases sharply at about 65% conversion of active materials, and battery stops discharging once this critical conversion is reached. However, these aspects are not incorporated into existing mathematical models. Present work uses the results of Metzendorf 1], and develops a model that includes the effect of variable resistance. Further, it uses a reasonable expression to account for the decrease in active area during discharge instead of the empirical equations of previous work. The model's predictions are compared with observations of Cugnet et al. 2]. The model is as successful as the non-mechanistic models existing in literature. Inclusion of variation in resistance of electrodes in the model is important if one of the electrodes is a limiting reactant. If active materials are stoichiometrically balanced, resistance of electrodes can be very large at the end of discharge but has only a minor effect on charging of batteries. The model points to the significance of electrical conductivity of electrodes in the charging of deep discharged batteries. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Conformational Stability and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in 1,2-Ethanediol and 1,4-Butanediol

The gas-phase infrared spectra of 1,2-ED and 1,4-BD have been, recorded at three different temperatures using a multipass gas cell of 6 m optical path length. DFT calculation has also been carried out using 6-311++G** and aug-cc-pVDZ basis sets to look for the existence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding, in them from the red shift and infrared absorption intensity enhancement of the bonded O-H band compared to that of the free O-H hand. Equilibrium population analysis With 10 conformers of 1,2-ED and 1,4-BD at experimental temperatures were-carried out for the reconstruction of the Observed vibrational spectra at that temperature,using standard statistical relationships. The most abundant conformer at experimental temperatures, was identified. In 1,2-ED a red shift of 45 cm(-1) in the intramolecularly interacting O-H stretching vibrational band position and no significant intensity enhancement compared to that of-the free O-H have been observed. On the contrary, in one of the hydrogen bonded conformers of 1,4-BD, a 124 cm(-1) red shift in the O-H stretching frequency and 8.5 times-intensity enhancement for the ``bonded'' O-H compared to that of the ``free'' O-H is seen. On the basis of this comparative study, we have concluded that strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding exists in 1,4-BD. But there appears, to be weak intramolecular hydrogen bonding in 1,2-ED at temperatures of 303, 313, and 323 Km the gas phase We have found that most stable hydrogen-bonded conformers of 1,4-BD are less populated than some of the non-hydrogen-bonded conformers. Even for the 1,4-BD, the relative population of the g'GG'Gt conformer, which has a strong intramolecular,hydrogen bond, is less than what is predicted. Perhaps the intramolecular hydrogen bond plays a less Significant role in the relative stability,of the various Conformers than what has been predicted from calculations and prevails in the literature.

Performance of WRF-Chem over Indian region: Comparison with measurements

The aerosol mass concentrations over several Indian regions have been simulated using the online chemistry transport model, WRF-Chem, for two distinct seasons of 2011, representing the pre-monsoon (May) and post-monsoon (October) periods during the Indo-US joint experiment `Ganges Valley Aerosol Experiment (GVAX)'. The simulated values were compared with concurrent measurements. It is found that the model systematically underestimates near-surface BC mass concentrations as well as columnar Aerosol Optical Depths (AODs) from the measurements. Examining this in the light of the model-simulated meteorological parameters, we notice the model overestimates both planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and surface wind speeds, leading to deeper mixing and dispersion and hence lower surface concentrations of aerosols. Shortcoming in simulating rainfall pattern also has an impact through the scavenging effect. It also appears that the columnar AODs are influenced by the unrealistic emission scenarios in the model. Comparison with vertical profiles of BC obtained from aircraft-based measurements also shows a systematic underestimation by the model at all levels. It is seen that concentration of other aerosols, viz., dust and sea-salt are closely linked with meteorological conditions prevailing over the region. Dust is higher during pre-monsoon periods due to the prevalence of north-westerly winds that advect dust from deserts of west Asia into the Indo-Gangetic plain. Winds and rainfall influence sea-salt concentrations. Thus, the unrealistic simulation of wind and rainfall leads to model simulated dust and sea-salt also to deviate from the real values; which together with BC also causes underperformance of the model with regard to columnar AOD. It appears that for better simulations of aerosols over Indian region, the model needs an improvement in the simulation of the meteorology.

Translation Induction on Indian Language Corpora Using Translingual Themes from Other Languages

Identifying translations from comparable corpora is a well-known problem with several applications, e.g. dictionary creation in resource-scarce languages. Scarcity of high quality corpora, especially in Indian languages, makes this problem hard, e.g. state-of-the-art techniques achieve a mean reciprocal rank (MRR) of 0.66 for English-Italian, and a mere 0.187 for Telugu-Kannada. There exist comparable corpora in many Indian languages with other ``auxiliary'' languages. We observe that translations have many topically related words in common in the auxiliary language. To model this, we define the notion of a translingual theme, a set of topically related words from auxiliary language corpora, and present a probabilistic framework for translation induction. Extensive experiments on 35 comparable corpora using English and French as auxiliary languages show that this approach can yield dramatic improvements in performance (e.g. MRR improves by 124% to 0.419 for Telugu-Kannada). A user study on WikiTSu, a system for cross-lingual Wikipedia title suggestion that uses our approach, shows a 20% improvement in the quality of titles suggested.

Neoarchean arc magmatism followed by high-temperature, high-pressure metamorphism in the Nilgiri Block, southern India

The Nilgiri Block, southern India is an exhumed lower crust formed through arc magmatic processes in the Neoarchean. The main lithologies in this terrane include charnockites, gneisses, volcanic tuff, metasediments, banded iron formation and mafic-ultramafic bodies. Mafic-ultramafic rocks are present towards the northern and central part of the Nilgiri Block. We examine the evolution of these mafic granulites/metagabbros by phase diagram modeling and U-Pb sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) dating. They consist of a garnet-clinopyroxene-plagioclase-hornblende-ilmenite +/- orthopyroxene +/- rutile assemblage. Garnet and clinopyroxene form major constituents with labradorite and orthopyroxene as the main mineral inclusions. Labradorite, identified using Raman analysis, shows typical peaks at 508 cm(-1), 479 cm(-1), 287 cm(-1) and 177 cm(-1). It is stable along with orthopyroxene towards the low-pressure high-temperature region of the granulite fades (M1 stage). Subsequently, orthopyroxene reacted with plagioclase to form the peak garnet + clinopyroxene + rutile assemblage (M2 stage). The final stage is represented by amphibolite facies-hornblende and plagioclase-rim around the garnet-clinopyroxene assemblage (M3 stage). Phase diagram modeling shows that these mafic granulites followed an anticlockwise P-T-t path during their evolution. The initial high-temperature metamorphism (M1 stage) was at 850-900 degrees C and similar to 9 kbar followed by high-pressure granulite fades metamorphism (M2 stage) at 850-900 degrees C and 14-15 kbar. U-Pb isotope studies of zircons using SHRIMP revealed late Neoarchean to early paleoproterozoic ages of crystallization and metamorphism respectively. The age data shows that these mafic granulites have undergone arc magmatism at ca. 25392 +/- 3 Ma and high-temperature, high-pressure metamorphism at ca. 2458.9 +/- 8.6 Ma. Thus our results suggests a late Neoarchean arc magmatism followed by early paleoproterozoic high-temperature, high-pressure granulite facies metamorphism due to the crustal thickening and suturing of the Nilgiri Block onto the Dharwar Craton. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

YIn0.9Mn0.1O3-ZnO nano-pigment exhibiting intense blue color with impressive solar reflectance

The current study reports on the synthesis and characterization of a new inorganic nano-pigment with an intense blue color and high solar radiation reflective properties (70%). The nano-pigment YIn0.9Mn0.1O3-ZnO was synthesized by a sol-gel combustion method and characterized with the aid of X-Ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Magnetic susceptibility, Transmission electron microscopy, UV ndash;vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and CIE-1976 L*a*b* color measurements. The Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns of the developed nano-pigment disclosed the existence of YIn0.9Mn0.1O3 and ZnO in a 1:1 ratio with hexagonal crystal structures. For comparison, YIn0.9Mn0.1O3 was also synthesized by the sol gel combustion route and its optical properties compared with that of YIn0.9Mn0.1O3-ZnO. It is interesting to note that the developed YIn0.9Mn0.1O3-ZnO nano-pigmeht exhibits superior blue hue (b* = -40.55) and solar reflectance (R* = 70%) values as compared to the YIn0.9Mn0.1O3 nano-pigment (b* = -22.28, R* = 50%). Most importantly, the potential utility of the nano-pigment as a ``Cool Pigment'' was demonstrated by coating onto roofing materials like aluminum roofing sheets. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Virulent Salmonella enterica infections can be exacerbated by concomitant infection of the host with a live attenuated S. enterica vaccine via Toll-like receptor 4-dependent interleukin-10 production with the involvement of both TRIF and MyD88.

During systemic disease in mice, Salmonella enterica grows intracellularly within discrete foci of infection in the spleen and liver. In concomitant infections, foci containing different S. enterica strains are spatially separated. We have investigated whether functional interactions between bacterial populations within the same host can occur despite the known spatial separation of the foci and independence of growth of salmonellae residing in different foci. In this study we have demonstrated that bacterial numbers of virulent S. enterica serovar Typhimurium C5 strain in mouse tissues can be increased by the presence of the attenuated aroA S. Typhimurium SL3261 vaccine strain in the same tissue. Disease exacerbation does not require simultaneous coinjection of the attenuated bacteria. SL3261 can be administered up to 48 hr after or 24 hr before the administration of C5 and still determine higher tissue numbers of the virulent bacteria. This indicates that intravenous administration of a S. enterica vaccine strain could potentially exacerbate an established infection with wild-type bacteria. These data also suggest that the severity of an infection with a virulent S. enterica strain can be increased by the prior administration of a live attenuated vaccine strain if infection occurs within 48 hr of vaccination. Exacerbation of the growth of C5 requires Toll-like receptor 4-dependent interleukin-10 production with the involvement of both Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta and myeloid differentiation factor 88.

Evaluación final del Proyecto capacitación popular sobre el manejo del agroecosistema del trópico húmedo (PTH), Pancasan-Matagalpa, 1993-1996

El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de Evaluar los resultados alcanzados por el Proyecto del Trópico Húmedo e:n la Zona de Pancasan del Departamento de Matagalpa quien fuera ejecutado por la Asociación Agrícola para el Desarrollo Agrícola Comunal (ADDAC) durante la segunda fase de ejecución del Proyecto, comprendida desde Septiembre de 1993 a Febrero de 1996, flnanciado por la Agencia Noruega para el Desarrollo (NORAD). La metodología empleada en el presente Estudio se basó en el tipo de Evaluación Ex­ post de la Dirección de Proyectos y Programación de Inversiones de las Naciones Unidas CEPAL y se resume en cuatro etapas: - Primera etapa Revisión de Información Escrita. - Segunda etapa Levantado de Datos de Campo. - Tercera etapa Procesamiento y Análisis de la Información de Campo. - Cuata y última etapa Elaboración y Presentacion del Informe Final. Los resultados alcanzados por el proyecto según el estudio, muestra que los ingresos percibidos por los productores participantes del Proyecto o Poblacion Meta (PM) se consideran que han aumentado en un 40% más con la incidencia del Proyecto Trópico Húmedo (PTH) con relación a los ingresos de los productores no participantes del Proyecto o Población No Meta (PNM). Este comportamiento refleja que los participantes del PTH han logrado mejorías sustanciales en la disponibilidad del recurso económico así como la creación de condiciones básicas para mejorar sus condiciones de vida. Además los procesos económicos dan lugar a una diferenciación económica entre los pobladores de la zona, pero por otro lado, establece un grado de interés y motivación para Integrarse de una manera activa como participantes del proyecto. En lo que se refiere a capacitación, se estima un 139% de sobrecumplimiento, según la planificación de eventos de capacitación, sobre todo en los años 1993 y 1994. Es importante destacar que este sobrecumplimiento de las capacitaciones tienen un producto y se refleja con la aplicación de las actividades del tipo agroforestal por parte de los participantes del proyecto y con la concepción creada en éstos sobre la preservación de los recursos naturales- Otro elemento Importante que pone de manifiesto el producto de las capacitaciones es el haber desarrollado capacidades en un buen grupo de productores estimados en 60 como futuros promotores de acciones de desarrollo. Por otro lado, han sido diversos los factores que determinaron una disminución en los rendimientos de los principales cultivos (maíz y frijol) entre ellos las variaciones climáticas y el mal manejo, sobre todo en la época de Apante de los productores de la PM con relación a los productores de la PNM. En el rubro Maíz los rendimientos del año 1995 disminuyeron en un 31% con relación a los del año de 1993, contrario a los rendimientos de la PNM que se incrementaron en un 2.1%. En el rubro frijol durante el mismo período, en las dos poblaciones en estudio, se redujo en un 35 y 34 % para la PM y la PNM respectivamente. Sin embargo, la tendencia de este comportamiento es revertirse, ya que los productores de la PNM realizan aplicaciones de agroquímicos para poder obtener estos resultados y los de la PM utilizan prácticas de Conservación de Suelo que a un corto plazo se reflejarán en un incremento de los rendimientos. El rubro pecuario mostró un comportamiento relativamente bajo con relación a los índices zootécnicos previstos, encontrándose mejores resultados en la PNM. Esto se atribuye fundamentalmente a la poca incidencia de las acciones que ha tenido el proyecto hacia este rubro justificado por el alto costo de Inversión que requiere tanto en material biológico como en Infraestructura. En las especies menores (cerdos y aves) no existen indicadores en los registros productivos ni en los resultados esperados por el proyecto. Esto puede valorarse como negativo y como debilidad manifiesta en el proceso de definición para la ampliación de las acciones del proyecto, de manera que no permite cuantificar ni cualificar el comportamiento de éstas ni el Impacto que pueden generar en los sistemas productivos de las unidades de producción. De tal manera que referirnos promedios de 2.66 cerdos por productor (de 13 productores), a diferencia de la PNM que 9 productores reportan un promedio de 1.33 unidades, a esto se agrega que ambas poblaciones reportan el suministro del mismo tipo de alimento (maíz, yuca, guineo, suero y sal). En aves se reportan productores de la PM con mayor número con relación a los de la PNM, con un promedio de 17 y 13 respectivamente. La alimentación suministrada por parte de la PM, se basa fundamentalmente en maíz y concentrados caseros (técnica promovida por el proyecto), este manejo aplicado a las aves por la PM tiene como resultado un aumento en la disponibilidad de alimento para la dieta familiar haciendo uso de los recursos locales de la unidad de producción, sucediendo lo contrario en los productores de la PNM, que para alimentar a las aves por lo general se destina el grano de maíz, compitiendo de esta manera, aves y familia por el alimento. Referente a la diversificación de la producción en la PM1 existe un fuerte predominio (del 32%) de 6 rubros establecidos en la finca y hay una tendencia (de un 21%) a incrementarse hasta 8 rubros como lo manifiestan las metas propuestas por el proyecto inicial. Un elemento importante que explica estos comportamientos la participación activa del personal técnico con los participantes del proyecto, ya que se establecen en un proceso de acción-reflexión-acción. Sucede lo contrario con los productores del grupo de la PNM que siendo 5 los rubros que mayor predominan en las fincas y con poca tendenda (16%) a incrementarse hasta 7 rubros por finca. En lo que adopción de tecnología se refiere, se manifiesta un número de productores (PM) que han adoptado de 3-4 prácticas por año y ha ido en aumento a lo largo de los tres años, desde el 11% en 1993 al 30% en 1995, y se establecen en los rubros de Maíz, Frijol y café. Mucho ha influido y de manera positiva en este proceso de adopción los niveles de comunicación desarrollados por los técnicos con los participantes del proyecto, sin embargo han sido diversos los factores que han influido de manera negativa en el proceso los cuales se reflejaron como: los resultados de las técnicas no son a corto plazo; hay mucha inversión de mano de obra; se hace uso de Insumas externos; hay una resistencia al uso de las tecnologías. La participación de la mujer de la PM en las actividades del proyecto es muy marcado, 124 jornales/año contra 62 jornales de la PNM, fundamentalmente en las actividades de carácter agropecuario, lo cual refleja una clara influencia del PTH en las mujeres de la comarca. A esto se le agrega el involucramiento en un 81% de las mujeres en al menos, un evento de capacitación del PTH a lo largo de tres años. Una evidencia de la diferencia en el comportamiento de las mujeres participantes en el Proyecto o PM es que al aplicar el Instrumento individual se evidencio una mayor fluidez, menor temor de expresión y un ambiente de mayor confianza, mientras que en la mayoría de las no participantes o PNM, se mostró mayor temor a expresar sus ideas y con muy poca alocución a las preguntas formuladas. La experiencia organizativa en la zona de Influencia del proyecto históricamente ha sido muy negativa, por la gran influencia política en dichas organizaciones. El proyecto influyó de una manera muy positiva en el aspecto de la organizacion campesina/ debido a la dinámica neutral de trabajo y en fundón de un bien colectivo, como es la preservación de los recursos naturales. Esto hace posible que en dinámicas de capacitación, surjan expresiones de participantes del proyecto sobre el beneficio de la organización, tales como "El pecado no está en la organización en sí, si no en la forma en cómo es concebida y coordinada"; es importante destacar que estas concepciones de los participantes, dan pautas para la valoración de que se han establecido las bases para desarrollar de una manera más efectiva las acciones impulsadas con un carácter sostenible. Considerando que los resultados obtenidos en el estudio muestran mejoras considerables y sustanciales en los aspectos socioeconómicos de las familias campesinas participantes del proyecto, es importante implementar una tercera fase de ejecución, de manera que se logre fortalecer y ampliar los componentes del proyecto, tomando en cuenta en la planificación una dotación de recursos humanos y económicos para garantizar la influencia a otras zonas aledañas a Pancasan.

Efecto del cultivo intercalado del frijol comun (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sobre las comunidades de malezas, nematodos, crecimiento y rendimiento del café (Coffea arábica)

El trabajo fue realizado en el centro experimental del café del pacifico (C.E.C.P.), Jardín Botánico, Masatepe, durante las dos épocas de siembra para el frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L) y la cosecha anual del cate (Coffea arábica L) Enero . Diciembre 1993. Este ensayo se realizó con las variedades Dor- 364 para el frijol y Catuaí arnarillo para el café, éste con una edad de 6 años se estableció bajo un bloque completamente al azar (B.C.A) con Cuatro repeticiones. El trabajo se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de determinar el efecto del asocio del frijol sobre el comportamiento de las poblaciones de malezas, el comportamiento poblacional de los nematodos y sobre el rendimiento del café. La abundancia y dominancia de malezas. Se redujo en los tratamientos donde se sembró frijol. En ambas épocas se encontró Cynodon dactylon L; Cyperus rotundus L; Digitaria Sanguinalis L. :Melampodium diviracatum L y Pamcum Sp; Las poblaciones de los nematodos fueron variables en su comportamiento. En cuanto al crecimiento, el diámetro demostró diferencia. significativa, el mayor diámetro correspondió al tratamiento donde se sembró frijol en ambas épocas con 3.66 y al tratamiento de frijol en primera con 3.17. El rendimiento del café no presentó diferencias significativas los resultados obtenidos en grano uva ( grano maduro de café), fue mayor en el tratamiento de frijol en ambas épocas con 6 624.25 kg/ha. en grano oro el mayor rendimiento fue en los tratamientos donde siempre hubo frijol con 1 124.25 kg/ha, lo cual demuestra que el frijol no ejerce influencia negativa sobre el rendimiento del café.

Beamforming correction for dipole measurement using two-dimensional microphone arrays

In this paper, a beamforming correction for identifying dipole sources by means of phased microphone array measurements is presented and implemented numerically and experimentally. Conventional beamforming techniques, which are developed for monopole sources, can lead to significant errors when applied to reconstruct dipole sources. A previous correction technique to microphone signals is extended to account for both source location and source power for two-dimensional microphone arrays. The new dipole-beamforming algorithm is developed by modifying the basic source definition used for beamforming. This technique improves the previous signal correction method and yields a beamformer applicable to sources which are suspected to be dipole in nature. Numerical simulations are performed, which validate the capability of this beamformer to recover ideal dipole sources. The beamforming correction is applied to the identification of realistic aeolian-tone dipoles and shows an improvement of array performance on estimating dipole source powers. © 2008 Acoustical Society of America.