Effets du vieillissement sur les index électrophysiologiques de l’évaluation des relations spatiales en mémoire de travail visuelle

Le processus de vieillissement humain est un processus complexe qui varie grandement d’une personne à l’autre. Malgré l’ampleur des recherches faites sur le sujet, il reste encore beaucoup à explorer et à comprendre. Cette thèse propose trois expériences qui nous permettent d’améliorer notre compréhension des changements qui s’opèrent dans la mémoire de travail visuelle et l’attention visuospatiale avec la prise en âge. La première expérience propose d’examiner les changements dans les capacités de mémoire de travail visuelle entre des jeunes adultes, des adultes âgés sains et des personnes atteintes de trouble cognitif léger (TCL). De plus, grâce à un suivi fait avec les personnes ayant un TCL, nous avons pu examiner si des différences existaient au niveau comportemental entre les âgés qui ont déclinés vers un type de démence et ceux dont l’état est resté stable. Plusieurs techniques peuvent être utilisées pour étudier les effets du vieillissement sur le cerveau. Les tests neuropsychologiques et les tâches comportementales présentées dans la première expérience en sont un exemple. La neuroimagerie peut aussi s’avérer particulièrement utile. En effet, certaines mesures électrophysiologiques, aussi appelées potentiels reliés aux évènements (PRE), sont associées à des fonctions cognitives précises. Ces composantes nous permettent de suivre ces processus et d’observer les modulations causées par les caractéristiques des stimuli ou l’âge par exemple. C’est le cas de la N2pc (négativité 2 postérieure controlatérale) et de la SPCN (sustained posterior contralateral negativity), des composantes électrophysiologiques liées respectivement à l’attention visuospatiale et la mémoire de travail visuelle. On connait bien ces deux composantes ainsi que les facteurs qui les modulent, or elles sont peu utilisées pour les changements qui occurrent dans l’attention et la mémoire de travail visuelle dans le cadre du processus de vieillissement. Les deuxième et troisième expériences proposent d’utiliser une tâche de recherche visuelle (nombre d’items de couleur et identification d’une relation spatiale entre deux items de couleur) afin d’explorer les changements observables sur ces composantes électrophysiologiques. La deuxième expérience examine l’efficacité d’un paradigme à présentations multiples (‘multiple frame’) afin de mesurer la N2pc et la SPCN chez de jeunes adultes. La troisième expérience a pour but d’examiner les effets du vieillissement normal sur l’amplitude et la latence de la N2pc et la SPCN en utilisant le même type de tâche de recherche visuelle.

Promoting Open Access and Innovations : From Synergies to Le Centre de recherche interuniversitaire sur les humanités numériques

This article discusses the relationship between digital humanities and disciplinary boundaries in the last decade, primarily in the context of the national project Synergies. It offers first an overview of Synergies as a concrete example of the way technological change impacts the very notion of disciplines by trying to create a platform that was interdisciplinary by nature, then discusses the creation of a new Digital Humanities centre in Québec—Le Centre de recherche interuniversitaire sur les humanités numériques – and the ways it was conceived as encompassing a range of disciplinary approach.

Fluorescence characterization and gain studies on a dye-doped graded index polymer optical-fiber preform

Preparation of an appropriate optical-fiber preform is vital for the fabrication of graded-index polymer optical fibers (GIPOF), which are considered to be a good choice for providing inexpensive high bandwidth data links, for local area networks and telecommunication applications. Recent development of the interfacial gel polymerization technique has caused a dramatic reduction in the total attenuation in GIPOF, and this is one of the potential methods to prepare fiber preforms for the fabrication of dye-doped polymer-fiber amplifiers. In this paper, the preparation of a dye-doped graded-index poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) rod by the interfacial gel polymerization method using a PMMA tube is reported. An organic compound of high-refractive index, viz., diphenyl phthalate (DPP), was used to obtain a graded-index distribution, and Rhodamine B (Rh B), was used to dope the PMMA rod. The refractive index profile of the rod was measured using an interferometric technique and the index exponent was estimated. The single pass gain of the rod was measured at a pump wavelength of 532 nm. The extent of doping of the Rh B in the preform was studied by axially exciting a thin slice of the rod with white light and measuring the spatial variation of the fluorescence intensity across the sample.

Fabrication and Characterisation of Dye Doped Polymer Optical Fibres With Different Refractive Index Profiles for Photonic Applications

International School of Photonics, Cohin University of Science and Technology

Technological Change and Modernisation in the Fishing Sector: The Question of Sustainability

Department of Applied Economics, Cochin University of Science And Technology.

Studies all transport and magnetic properties of nano particle doped MgB2 superconductor for technological applications

This thesis Entitled Studies on transport and magnetic properties of nano particle doped mgb2 superconductor for technological applications.The thesis ahead focuses on the establishment of enhanced superconducting properties in bulk MgB2 via nano particle doping and its conversion into mono/multifilamentary wires. Further, an attempt has also been made to develop prototypes of MgB2 coil and conduction cooled current lead for technological applications. The thesis is configured into 6 chapters. The opening chapter gives an idea on the phenomenon of superconductivity, the various types of superconductors and its applications in different fields. The second chapter is an introduction on MgB2 superconductor and its relevance which includes crystal and electronic structure, superconducting mechanism, basic superconducting properties along with its present international status. The third chapter provides details on the preparation and characterization techniques followed through out the study on MgB2. Fourth chapter discusses the effect of processing temperature and chemical doping using nano sized dopants on the superconducting properties of MgB2• Fifth chapter deals with the optimization of processing parameters and novel preparation techniques for wire fabrication. Sixth chapter furnishes the preparation of multifilamentary wires with various filament configurations, their electromechanical properties and it also incorporates the development of an MgB2 coil and a general purpose conduction cooled current lead.

Studies on the technological aspects and economic efficiency of trawl gear operating along the Cochin coast

Trawling, despite being heavily energy expensive, still continues to be the most energy expensive fishing method particularly so in View of the export oriented nature of the Indian seafood industry. This study therefore aims at analyzing the efficiency of trawls operation from Cochin, an important fishing center along the southwest coast of India. The analysis is made along two perspectives - economic and technological. Even though technological efficiency complement economic efficiency, in the fishing parlance, parameters like the size composition of the catch, selectivity factors, etc., will have a direct bearing on the technological qualities of the trawl, and which parameters will have a significant impact on the effective exploitation of a fishery stock. Whereas the technological analysis aims at improving the efficiency with regard to the effective utilization of fuel and fishery stocks, economic analysis ascertains the present status of the trawling operations from the commercial angle.

Inter- State Variations in Productivity trends and Technological Change in Indian industry

The present study entitled ‘Inter-State Variations in Manufacturing Productivity and Technological Changes in India’ covers a period of 38 years from l960 tol998-99. The study is mainly based on ASI data. The study starts with a discussion of the major facilitating factors of industrialization, namely, historical forces, public policy and infrastructure facilities. These are discussed in greater details in the context of our discussion on Perrox’s (1998) ‘growth pole’ and ‘development pole’, Hirschman’s (1958) ‘industrial centers’ and Myrdal’s ‘spread effect’ Most of the existing literature more or less agrees that the process of industrialization has not been unifonn in all Indian states. There has been a decline in inter-state industrial disparities over time. This aspect is dealt at some length in the third chapter. An important element that deserves detailed attention is the intra-regional differences in industrialisation. Regional industrialisation implies the emergence of a few focal points and industrial regions. Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were the initial focal points. Later other centers like Bangalore, Amritsar, Ahemedabad etc. emerged as nodal points in other states. All major states account for focal points. The analysis made in the third chapter shows that industrial activities generally converge to one or two focal points and industrial regions have emerged out of the focal points in almost all states. One of the general features of these complexes and regions is that they approximately accommodate 50 to 75 percent of the total industrial units and workers in the state. Such convergence is seen hands in glow with urbanization. It was further seen that intra-regional industrial disparity comes down in industrial states like Maharashtra, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh.

Technological Changes and its Impact on Rubber Plantation Industry in Kerala An Econometric Study

The present study describes in detail the major technological advances in the rubber-growing industry in the lastfour decades. The major technological changes experienced in the rubber plantation industry during the period are the introduction of 'high yielding-planting materials, scientific application of fertilisers, use of pesticides, tapping during rainy season using‘rain guards, use of. yield stimulants and improved tapping methods School of Management Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology