¿Cómo podemos entender la inteligencia en el siglo XXI?: una visión psico-socio-cultural.

Indudablemente, no podemos desligar el tema del alumnado con altas capacidades intelectuales del constructo “inteligencia”, ya que en el fondo las sucesivas definiciones de inteligencia o de conducta inteligente marcan qué vamos a evaluar como “capacidad intelectual superior”.El siglo XX, ha sido rico en definiciones e instrumentos de medida, especialmente desde el ámbito de la Psicología, aunque no debemos dejar de lado los aportes de otras ciencias como la biología, la cibernética, la antropología o la neurología por citar algunas. Muchos autores han intentado rastrear el concepto de inteligencia y su evolución en estos últimos 100 años...

Uncertainty, electoral incentives and political myopia

We study the determinants of political myopia in a rational model of electoral accountability where the key elements are informational frictions and uncertainty. We build aframework where political ability is ex-ante unknown and policy choices are not perfectlyobservable. On the one hand, elections improve accountability and allow to keep well-performing incumbents. On the other, politicians invest too little in costly policies withfuture returns in an attempt to signal high ability and increase their reelection probability.Contrary to the conventional wisdom, uncertainty reduces political myopia and may, undersome conditions, increase social welfare. We use the model to study how political rewardscan be set so as to maximise social welfare and the desirability of imposing a one-term limitto governments. The predictions of our theory are consistent with a number of stylised factsand with a new empirical observation documented in this paper: aggregate uncertainty, measured by economic volatility, is associated to better fiscal discipline in a panel of 20 OECDcountries.

Good practice for dialogue and communication as strategic principle for policing political manifestations in Europe (GODIAC):field study handbook

This handbook describes the peer review methodology that was applied at the GODIAC project fi eld studies1. The peer review evaluation method as initiated by Otto Adang in the Netherlands and further developed in a European football context (Adang & Brown, 2008) involves experienced police offi cers cooperating with researchers to perform observational fi eld studies to identify good practices and learning points for public order management. The handbook builds on the GODIAC seminars and workshops, for the fi eld study members, which took place in September 2010, January 2012 and January 2013. The handbook has been discussed in the project group and in the steering committee. It is primarily written for the GODIAC fi eld study members as background material for understanding the fi eld study process and for clarifying the different responsibilities that enable active participation in the fi eld study. The handbook has been developed during the project period and incorporates learning points and developments of the peer review method. The handbook aims at promoting the use of fi eld studies for evaluation of policing major events.

Good practice for dialogue and communication as strategic principle for policing political manifestations in Europe (GODIAC):the anthology

The volume is divided into two parts; the fi rst deals with issues related to the police, and the second addresses issues related to demonstrators and protesters. We hope that this volume will provide further insight into issues associated with policing at major events and shed light on the complexity of the organisations, motives, and strategies in play whenever protester groups are involved.

Good practice for dialogue and communication as strategic principle for policing political manifestations in Europe (GODIAC):recommendations for policing political manifestations in Europe

This report summarises the fi eld study results of the project ’Good practice for dialogue and communication as strategic principles for policing political manifestations in Europe’ (GODIAC).1 The overall idea was to integrate operative police work, research and training within the fi eld and to build international and institutional networks, ensuring and recognising the responsibilities of the organisers. The purpose of the GODIAC project was to contribute to the development of a European approach to policing political manifestations.

Kinship, ritual kinship and political milieus in an alpine Valley in 19th century

In my paper I will present some results about ritual kinship and political mobilization of popular groups in an alpine Valley: the Val de Bagnes, in the Swiss canton of Valais. There are two major reasons to choose the Val de Bagnes for our inquiry about social networks: the existence of sharp political and social conflicts during the 18th and the 19th century and the availability of almost systematic genealogical data between 1700 and 1900. The starting point of my research focuses on this question: what role did kinship and ritual kinship play in the political mobilization of popular groups and in the organization of competing factions? This question allows us to shed light on some other uses and meanings of ritual kinship in the local society. Was ritual kinship a significant instrument for economic cooperation? Or was it a channel for patronage or for privileged social contacts? The analysis highlights the importance of kinship and godparentage for the building of homogeneous social and political networks. If we consider transactions between individuals, the analysis of 19th century Val de Bagnes gives the impression of quite open networks. Men and women tried to diversify their relations in order to avoid strong dependency from powerful patrons. Nevertheless, when we consider the family networks, we can notice that most relations took place in a structured social space or a specific "milieu", were intense contacts enhanced trust, although political allegiances and social choices were not fully predictable on the basis of such preferential patterns. In a politically conflictual society, like 19th century Bagnes, ritual kinship interacted with kinship solidarities and ideological factors shaping dense social networks mostly based on a common political orientation. Such milieus sustained the building of political factions, which show surprising stability over time. In this sense, milieus are important factors to understand political and religious polarization in 19th century Switzerland.

Complexitat i fenomen (socio)linguístic

Intermediate phenomena of reality present particular characteristics of systemic self-organization, multilevel interrelations, recursivity, emergence of new «objects» with properties different from those of the elements that form them, and evolutionary dynamics, that probably need the formulation of new theoretical concepts and different paradigm principles. The sciences or perspectives of complexity, or the «complex» thinking, try to respond adequately to this complexity of reality. This approach adopts a multidimensional, integrated and dynamic view of reality: the world is made up of overlapping levels of different elements which produce new properties or new organizations at higher levels. If we conceive what we call languages as simple and decontextualized objects, we can understand some of the more mechanical aspects but we will ignore their conditions of existence, functionality, maintenance, variation, change and extinction.

Sociologie des céramistes d'art en France : l'invention d'un groupe socio-professionnel : pratiques et manières d'être

Cette thèse voudrait expliquer l'émergence et l'autonomisation d'un groupe professionnel récent en France, celui des céramistes d'art, « inventé » au milieu du XXe siècle, et qui s'est largement développé après 1968. Il s'agit d'analyser l'apparition d'un groupe social dans la division du travail, puis sa capacité à assurer les moyens de sa reproduction et de sa pérennisation, tant par l'étude de ses dynamiques internes que par ses rapports à l'hors-groupe. Au-delà de l'aspect monographique, cette recherche interroge la professionnalisation de cet espace du travail artistique peu légitime culturellement, et les obstacles à celle-ci (définition des frontières, contrôle des pratiques). Les normes professionnelles - émergentes, codifiées, transmises, défendues ou contestées - constituant le point d'entrée de cette recherche : liant du groupe, elles sont aussi révélatrices de ses transformations, clivages internes et modes d'institutionnalisation. Dans cette optique, la recherche restitue la diversité des dimensions du métier en tenant ensemble travail et hors- travail : sociogenèse du métier, rapport des céramistes d'art au travail artistique et à la culture légitime, engagement dans les organisations professionnelles (associatives et syndicales), récèption des politiques publiques qui concernent le secteur. Cette recherche réaffirme ainsi la centralité du travail comme espace au carrefour de plusieurs espaces sociaux et de plusieurs types d'investissements, c'est-à-dire comme un rapport social général et non comme enclave sociale que l'on pourrait appréhender par elle-même. La thèse montre aussi que l'hybridité constitutive du métier, entre art et artisanat, constitue l'une des bases de sa professionnalisation : la contestation des principes et des critères de légitimité culturelle en sont les manifestations majeures. Enfin, l'étude de la politisation chez les différentes unités-générationnelles qui composent le métier met en évidence la portée instituante de l'auto-organisation associative et les modes de constitution d'une identité collective. Elle révèle également la présence de l'Etat en filigrane, par opposition ou par coopération. Tels sont les multiples fondements de cette professionnalisation multi-située et constamment évolutive évolutive. Cette recherche repose essentiellement sur des observations - directes et participantes - dans les lieux de vie, de travail et de socialisation des céramistes d'art, et sur 62 entretiens semi-directifs. En plus de l'enquête ethnographique, la thèse s'appuie sur les résultats d'une enquête par questionnaire (218 répondants) et de la documentation professionnelle (archives syndicales, compte-rendu associatifs, supports de communication, etc.).

Regional income inequality in Italy in the long run (1871–2001). Patterns and determinants

The chapter presents up-to-date estimates of Italy’s regional GDP, with the present borders, in ten-year benchmarks from 1871 to 2001, and proposes a new interpretative hypothesis based on long-lasting socio-institutional differences. The inverted U-shape of income inequality is confirmed: rising divergence until the midtwentieth century, then convergence. However, the latter was limited to the centrenorth: Italy was divided into three parts by the time regional inequality peaked, in 1951, and appears to have been split into two halves by 2001. As a consequence of the falling back of the south, from 1871 to 2001 we record σ-divergence across Italy’s regions, i.e. an increase in dispersion, and sluggish β-convergence. Geographical factors and the market size played a minor role: against them are both the evidence that most of the differences in GDP are due to employment rather than to productivity and the observed GDP patterns of many regions. The gradual converging of regional GDPs towards two equilibria instead follows social and institutional differences − in the political and economic institutions and in the levels of human and social capital – which originated in pre-unification states and did not die (but in part even increased) in postunification Italy.