Classificação e quantificação de tecidos Biológicos para construção de fantomas pediátricos

Paediatric diagnostic radiology can be considered as a separate specialty and with distinct characteristics of the radiology applied in adult patients. This in reason of the variability in the anatomical structures size and bigger sensitivity of tissues. The literature present in its majority methodologies for segmentation and tissue classification in adult patients, and works on tissue quantification are rare. This work had for objective the development of a biological tissue classifier and quantifier algorithm, from histograms, and that converts the quantified average thickness of these tissues for its respective simulator materials. The results will be used in the optimization process of paediatrics images, in future works, since these patients are frequently over exposed to the radiation in the repeated attempts of if getting considered good quality radiographic images. The developed algorithm was capable to read and store the name of all the archives, in the operational system, to filter artifacs, to count and quantify each biological tissues from the histogram of the examination, to obtain the biological tissues average thicknesses and to convert this value into its respective simulator material. The results show that it is possible to distinguish bone, soft, fat and pulmonary tissues from histograms of tomographic examinations of thorax. The quantification of the constituent materials of anthropomorphic phantom made by the algorithm, compared with the data of literature shows that the biggest difference was of 21,6% for bone. However, the literature shows that variations of up to 30% in bone thickness do not influence of significant form in the radiographic image quality. The average thicknesses of biological tissues, quantified for paediatrics patients, show that one phantom can simulate patients with distinct DAP ranges, since variations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Controle de qualidade e levantamento radiométrico em aparelho de Raios-X médico convencional

Along with the advance of technology, in terms of the expansion of medical exams that uses the ionizing radiation for diagnosis, there is also the concern about quality control for maintaining quality in radiographic imaging and for delivering low dose to the patient. Based on the Federal Order 453 of the Secretariat of Health Surveillance, which takes account of the practical and justification of individual medical exposures, the optimization of radiological protection, limitation of individual dose, and the prevention of accidents, were done through this paper radiodiagnostic tests on medical equipment in order to accept it or not, according to SVS-453. Along with the help and support of P&R Consulting and Medical Physics Marilia, SP, were made Quality Control and Radiometric Control in equipment from various cities across the state of São Paulo. The equipment discussed in this work is classified as conventional X-ray. According to the Federal Order SVS-453, the quality control in the program of quality assurance should include the following minimum set of constancy tests, with following minimum frequency: biennial tests for representative values of dose given to the patients of radiography and CT performed in the service; annual tests for accuracy of the indicator tube voltage (kVp), accuracy of exposure time, half-value layer, aligning the central axis of the beam of x-ray tube, performance (mGy / mA.min.m²), linearity of the rate of kerma on air with the mAs, reproducibility of the kerma on air rates, reproducibility of the automatic exposure, focal spot size, integrity of accessories and clothing for individual protection; semiannually for collimation system accuracy; weekly for temperature processing system and sensitometry processing system. For the room Radiometric Survey it was done a sketch...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Angiografia comparativa, prós e contras entre os métodos: por raios-X, Tomografia Computadorizada e Ressonância Magnética

By the early 20th century, the blood vessels could only be seen by anatomical studies. Shortly after the discovery of X-rays by Conrad Roentgen in 1895, the first experiments with radiographic imaging were performed with blood vessels. In 1905, the first experiment involving catheterization of arterial and venous system in dogs was performed and only in 1914 performed on living human patients. Parallel to these landmarks, there were advances in diagnostic imaging devices and the evolution of contrast substances was of utmost importance to the current angiography occupy a prominent role not only in terms of diagnosis, but also in the treatment of various disorders. The main objective of this review is to weave historical considerations and comparisons between the different methodologies used in angiography, because its importance; that may be in future, a veterinary diagnostic decisive test

Análise dosimétrica de aplicadores de Betaterapia

Betatherapy is a special medical technique using a radioactive source of strontium-90 for the treatment of superficial lesions, especially in dermatology and ophthalmology. Strontium-90 sources emit β radiation, which possesses high ionization power, but a very short distance propagation into matter. This work presents a method of dosimetric analysis of betatherapy using strontium- 90-based instrumentation, commonly used against superficial diseases, such as keloid and pterygium, aiming the description of the dosimetry analysis procedures, which can be easily implemented on tradiotherapy services that offers the betatherapy treatment. IBF-MEDIX radiographic films (conventional films) were exposed to betatherapy applicators during different time intervals according to the activity of the source, and afterwards the optical densities (O. D.) of the radiographic images were measured using an optical densitometer MACBETH. Therefore, the parameters used to make the dosimetric analysis in betatherapy were standardized, as the exposure time depended on the geometry and size of the source, providing an efficient and fast method of dosimetric analysis of the betatherapy equipment of the services, the majority of which do not have the scientific structure to perform this study

Retrospecto de lesões radiológicas da cabeça de cães e gatos

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Lactato sanguíneo em cães com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva decorrente de degeneração valvular mitral

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Leishmaniose visceral canina: estudo imagiológico em cães naturalmente infectados

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Monitoramento do perfil microbiológico de dentes com infecção endodôntica primária durante terapia com diferentes medicações intracanal

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT

Avaliação da prevalência das doenças peri-implantares e do sucesso e sobrevivência de implantes osseointegrados com 8 a 10 anos de função

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Parâmetros cinéticos e têmporo-espaciais em cães com fraturas de coxal tratadas conservativamente

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Digital radiography for determination of primary tooth length: in vivo and ex vivo studies

Background. Methods for determining the root canal length of the primary tooth should yield accurate and reproducible results. In vitro studies show some limitations, which do not allow their findings to be directly transferred to a clinical situation. Aim. To compare the accuracy of radiographic tooth length obtained from in vivo digital radiograph with that obtained from ex vivo digital radiograph. Method. Direct digital radiographs of 20 upper primary incisors were performed in teeth (2/3 radicular resorption) that were radiographed by an intraoral sensor, according to the long-cone technique. Teeth were extracted, measured, and mounted in a resin block, and then radiographic template was used to standardise the sensor-target distance (30 cm). The apparent tooth length (APTL) was obtained from the computer screen by means of an electronic ruler accompanying the digital radiography software (CDR 2.0), whereas the actual tooth length (ACTL) was obtained by means of a digital calliper following extraction. Data were compared to the ACTL by variance analysis and Pearson’s correlation test. Results. The values for APTL obtained from in vivo radiography were slightly underestimated, whereas those values obtained from ex vivo were slightly overestimated. No significance was observed between APTL and ACTL. Conclusion. The length of primary teeth estimated by in vivo and ex vivo comparisons using digital radiography was found to be similar to the actual tooth length.

Cárie oculta extensa: relato de caso clínico

The pattern of caries lesions has been modified over decades. If the presence or absence of a caries lesion is based upon only a visual examination, its diagnosis might become underestimated since dentinal lesions underneath non cavitated or minimally demineralized enamel is highly frequent in dental clinics. The aim of this paper is to report a clinical case of a child with an upper molar with questionable occlusal aspect, presenting asymptomatic pulpal hyperplasia on the distolingual pit. Periapical radiographic examination was essential for diagnosing hidden caries and elaborating the treatment plan. As part of the approach, removal of the decayed tissue and pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide were performed. The association of an accurate visual examination to an adequate oral radiographyis is extremely important in cases which the presence of hidden caries is doubtful. As a result, an early diagnosis and the reduction of more invasive interventions related to the oral health care of pediatric patients can be achieved as well.

Influence of professional experience on detection and treatment decision of occlusal caries lesions in primary teeth

To evaluate the influence of examiner's clinical experience on detection and treatment decision of caries lesions in primary molars. Design Three experienced dentists (Group A) and three undergraduate students (Group B) used the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria and bitewing radiographs (BW) to perform examinations twice in 77 primary molars that presented a sound or carious occlusal surface. For the treatment decision (TD), the examiners attributed scores, analyzing the teeth in conjunction with the radiographs. The presence and the depth of lesion were validated histologically, and reproducibility was evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the ROC curve values were calculated for ICDAS and BW. The associations between ICDAS, BW, and TD were analyzed by means of contingency tables. Results Interexaminer agreement for ICDAS, BW, and TD were excellent for Group B and moderate for Group A. The two groups presented similar and satisfactory performance for caries lesion detection using ICDAS and BW. In the treatment decision, Group A was shown to have a less invasive approach than Group B. Conclusion The examiner's experience was not determinant for the clinical and radiographic detection of occlusal lesions in primary teeth but influenced the treatment decision of initial lesions.

External apical root resorption in retracted incisors

AIM: To evaluate the occurrence of external apical root resorption (EARR) in the incisors after anterior retraction in corrective orthodontic treatment with first premolar extractions and whether it was related with the type of root apex movement and its inclination. METHOD: The maxillary and mandibular incisors of 22 patients (12 to 25 years of age; 9 males and 13 females) were treated with fixed appliances and premolar extraction. EARR was defined as the difference in root length before and after incisal retraction on periapical radiographs. Distortion of radiographic images and changes due to incisal tipping were controlled for. Pre- and post-incisal retraction lateral cephalometric radiographs established the relationship between EARR and the tipping of the incisors, along with the vertical, horizontal, and total movement of the root apex. RESULTS: There was significant EARR (1.51 to 2.37 mm) during incisor retraction, but this was not related to the movement or the tipping of the root apex of almost all teeth. It was observed that after the retraction stage, EARR occurred in all evaluated incisors, but it was more significant (P < .05) in the mandibular right lateral incisor. CONCLUSION: The EARR that did occur was unrelated to movement or tipping of the root apex, except for the vertical root apex movement of the mandibular left central incisor and the inclination of the maxillary right lateral incisor.

The performance of conventional and fluorescence-based methods for occlusal caries detection: an in vivo study with histological validation

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES