Tendência genética em pesos e ganhos em peso de bovinos da raça Guzerá

The main objective of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic trends in weights at birth (BW), 8 (W8) and 12 months (W12) of age; and also in the daily gains from birth to 8 months (G8) and from birth to 12 months (G12) for the ''Guzera'' cattle herd from the ''Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa do Campus de Ilha Solteira'', UNESP, at Selviria, MS, in the Central-West region of Brazil. The data were collected between 1979 and 1984 from 842 calves, sired by 22 sires. Genetic trends were estimated by three alternative procedures, two of them were based on the methodology of repeated use of sires and the other procedure on the differences in the average genetic values of sires in the different years. The phenotypic annual changes estimated were -0.232 kg, -8.278 kg, -0.033 kg, -8.498 kg e -0.023 kg, for BW, W8, G8, W12 and G12, respectively. The estimates of genetic trends, obtained by the three procedures were different, but showed that genetic changes for all analised traits were little.

Avaliação da vinhaça líquida em substituição à água na terminação de bovinos em confinamento. 1. Desempenho

During 90 days 243 finishing feedlot animals from two genetic groups, were weighed every 28 days in a randomized experimental procedure in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, with two breeds - Nelore (Nel) and Canchim (Can) - and three treatments: water (A), cane stillage + magnesium oxide (V) and cane stillage + magnesium oxide + sodium bicarbonate (V + B). The diet for all treatments was composed of 70% of corn silage and 30% of chopped sugar cane ad libitum plus 1 kg of ground corn and 1,5 kg of soluble yeast per animal. Results showed higher weight gain (P < 0,01) of the Can group relation to those of Nel, having respectively 1,35 and 1,22 kg/head/day. Both Can and Nel groups showed higher weight gain (P <.01) when fed with V + B, with 1,44 and 1,32 kg/head/day respectively when comparing to the other diets: Can (A) = 1,30; Can (V) = 1,31; Nel (A) = 1,16 and Nel (V) = 1,20 kg/head/day. The diet using V + B has also showed a tendency (.05

Constituintes sangüíneos de bovinos lactantes, desmamados e adultos das raças Nelore (Bos indicus) e Holandesa (Bos taurus) e de bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis) da raça Murrah

Blood samples from lactating, weaned and adult Holstein-Fresiean and Nelore cattle and Murrah buffaloes were tested through the study of hemogram and serum constituents. Red cell and leukocyte counts, and blood pH, fibrinogen, glucose, calcium, and phosphorus levels were similar in cattle and buffalo. Total protein, urea, creatinine, hemoglobin, magnesium, iron and aspartato aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities were higher in buffalo than cattle. Leukocyte counts were higher for weaned Holstein cattle than for Nelore cattle but similar to buffalo and Nelore cattle had the lowest neutrophil counts. Bilirrubin levels were lower for buffalo than for cattle. Phosphatase alkalyne activities were lower for weaned buffalo than for other animals. Gammaglutamyltransferase activities were the highest for lactating and weaned buffalo.

Estudo da interação genótipo × ambiente sobre características de crescimento de bovinos de corte utilizando-se inferência bayesiana

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotype x environment interaction for weaning and yearling weights, daily weight gain from weaning to 12 months of age and the growth performance in Canchim (5/8 Charolais + 3/8 Zebu) beef cattle estimated by a principal components analysis including those three traits. The environment was defined by season of birth (first and second semesters of the year). Genetic parameters were estimated by bayesian method with the Gibbs sampler using bivariate analyses (considering the trait in each of the two seasons as a different one) and models that included the fixed effects of year and month of birth, sex and age of cow (linear and quadratic) and the random effects of animal and residual. The results suggested that genetic evaluation and selection in Canchim beef cattle for the traits studied should consider the genotype and season of birth interaction.

Efeito da adubação nitrogenada ou de leguminosas no ganho de peso vivo de bovinos em pastagens de capim-colonião

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o ganho de peso vivo de bovinos submetidos a três tipos de pastagens de capim-colonião (Panicum maximum Jacq.): colonião testemunha (sem adubação nitrogenada); colonião adubado com 100 kg/ha de nitrogênio; e colonião consociado com soja perene (Neonotonia wightii Verde.) e centrosema (Centrosema pubescens Benth.). Foram usados novilhos da raça Guzerá, com idade variável de 12 a 15 meses e peso vivo médio de 210 kg. O sistema de pastejo foi rotativo, sendo o ajuste pasto-animal realizado pelo método de carga variável. As pesagens dos animais e amostragens do material vegetativo foram realizadas a cada 35 dias. Os resultados revelaram que, durante a época seca, os ganhos diários e por hectare referentes ao tratamento consociado (0,264 kg/animal/dia e 85,73 kg/ha, respectivamente) foram superiores aos das pastagens adubadas com nitrogênio (0,114 kg/animal/dia e 19,93 kg/ha) e testemunha (0,140 kg/animal/dia e 36,60 kg/ha). Ao final de quinze meses, as pastagens adubadas com nitrogênio e consociadas não apresentaram diferenças nos ganhos de peso vivo por hectare, sendo estes, entretanto, 16% superiores em relação ao da pastagem testemunha.

Herpes Virus Bovino tipo 1 (BoHV-1) como posible causa de encefalitis en bovinos de la región del Magdalena Medio Colombiano. Estudio serológico y análisis epidemiológico

The bovine Herpesvirus type 1 and type 5 (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5), causing diseases and significant economic losses in farms of worldwide. Both affect the nervous system of cattle, although BoHV-5 has been the most associated with this type of pathogenesis. Given the death of animals with nervous symptoms and negative diagnoses for rabies virus in the area of study, this research focused on the detection of positive reactors to bovine herpes virus serum neutralization. We collected 518 blood samples from animals without Herpesvirus vaccine, in the municipalities of Caparrapi, Cimitarra, Honda and Victoria, in the Middle Magdalena River Region. In addition, epidemiological information useful to discuss neurological disease was collected through primary and secondary sources. For the analysis of data was used chi-square test by identification of relationship between evidence of viral infection and the variables recorded. The results revealed that 286 cases were positive for Herpesvirus infection, corresponding to a prevalence of 55.5%, however, there was no statistical relationship (p < 0.05) between the presence of antibodies and the variables analyzed. In conclusion, some cases of neurological disease in cattle in this region could be due to infection with herpes viruses. We discussed about the presence of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 in the ambient, diagnosis and monitoring plans, as well as economic losses, which may cause in herds in this area.

Estimación de la heredabilidad del intervalo de partos en bovinos cruzados

Objetive. To estimate the heritability of interval calving in crossbred cattle. Materials and methods. Information from database of La Leyenda farm, in the municipality of Caucasia (Antioquia) was used. A single-trait animal model was used, that included genetic group, year of birth, season of birth and the number of calvings as fixed effects and the additive direct genetic, permanent environmental and residual as random effects. Results. The heritability estimated was 0.15 +/- 0.07 and the phenotypic mean was 544 +/- 97 days. Conclusions. The heritability for the interval between calvings was low, indicating that little genetic progress can be achieved by selecting for this characteristic.

Meta-análise de parâmetros genéticos relacionados ao consumo alimentar residual e a suas características componentes em bovinos

The objective of this work was to estimate, by meta-analysis, the heritability (h(2)) and the genetic (r(g)) and phenotypic (r(f)) correlations of residual feed intake (RFI), and of its component traits in beef cattle from 19 breeds or genetic groups. Twenty-two scientific papers published from 1963 to 2011, from eight countries, totaling 52,637 cattle of ages from 28 days up to slaughter, were evaluated. The estimates of RFI, dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and metabolic weight (BW0.75) were weighted by the inverse of sample variance. The variation between studies of h(2) for each trait was analyzed by weighted least squares. The effects of sex, country and breed were significant for h(2) of RFI, explaining 67% of variation between studies. For DMI, country and breed effects were significant and explained 96% of variation. Pooled estimates of h(2) were: 0.255+/-0.008, 0.278+/-0.012, 0.321+/-0.015, and 0.397+/-0.032 for RFI, DMI, ADG and BW0.75, respectively. Pooled estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations were low between RFI and ADG and between RFI and BW0.75 (from -0.021+/-0.034 to 0.025+/-0.035), and moderate between RFI and DMI (0.636+/-0.035 and 0.698+/-0.041) and between DMI, ADG and BW0.75 (0.441+/-0.062 to 0.688+/-0.032). The trait RFI has lower heritability estimates than its components.

Caracterização da fusão caruncular em gestações naturais e de conceptos bovinos clonados

Barreto R.S.N., Miglino M.A., Meirelles F.V., Visintin J.A., Silva S.M., Burioli K.C., Fonseca R., Bertan C., Assis Neto A.C. & Pereira F.T.V. 2009. [Characterization of the caruncular fusion in gestations of natural and cloned bovine conceptuses.] Caracterizacao da fusao caruncular ern gestacoes naturais e de conceptos bovinos clonados. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 29(10):779-787. Laboratorio de Morfofisiologia da Placenta e Embriao, Faculdade de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP294 Km 651, Dracena, SP 17900-000, Brazil. E-mail: fverechia@dracena.unesp.brThe objective of the study was to compare the characteristics of the caruncular fusion in gestations of non-cloned and cloned conceptuses. The non-cloned conceptuses were divided according to the gestation period: Group 1 (2 to 3 months; n=9),II (4 to 6; n=9); III (7 to 8; n=10) and IV (9 n=7). The cloned conceptuses formed the Group V: 9 months; n=4. The caruncles were observed macroscopically (number and dimensions: length, width and height), microscopically and submitted to statistical analysis (5% of significance). We observed three types of macroscopic caruncular fusions: oval (morphologically normal); two united adjacent caruncles and the lobulated type, characterized by regions with several united caruncles presenting a false fusion or deformation of the caruncular parenchyma. The length of the caruncles was 1.55 +/- 0.57; 2.45 +/- 0.55; 4.66 +/- 2.0 and 5.72 +/- 1.90cm for the groups 1, 11, 111, IV respectively. As for the height, the caruncles presented a lineal growth during the gestation: 0.40 +/- 0.15; 0.57 +/- 0.21; 1.0 +/- 0.48 and 1.80 +/- 0.91cm, for the respective groups 1, 11, 111 and IV. The width of the caruncles was similar between the groups I and 11 (0.97 +/- 0.30 e 1.42 +/- 0.71 cm) and the groups III and IV (2.68 +/- 1.22 and 3.52 +/- 1.16cm). When the group V was compared to the IV, the caruncles of the group V presented a larger length (5.72 +/- 1.90 vs. 7.88 +/-.13cm) and width (3.52 +/- 1.16 vs. 4.93 +/- 1.46cm), however they were similar in height (1.80 +/- 0.91 and 2.25 +/- 0.67cm). We verified that in gestations of cloned conceptuses the caruncles presented a larger development than in gestations of non-cloned conceptuses. The fusioned caruncles presented measurements statistically similar to the isolated ones in all the parameters and groups. Under light microscopy, we observed the formation of a stromal axis from the basis of the caruncle to the apex of the fusional fissure, with the histological constitution similar to the endometrial stroma. Three microscopic shapes were also unpublished defined: true fusion with a single axis evident below the fusional fissure; pseudofusion with a double axis in H shape and false fusion with absence of the axis. The first two formats were associated to the oval and lobulated caruncles and the last one to the false fusion with deformation of the caruncle parenchyma. The fusional axis increased in size along the gestation among the groups I, II, III and IV. The group V presented a larger length and width of the axis when compared to the group IV. Thus, in gestations of cloned conceptuses a destruction of the lateral epithelium of the caruncles is associated to an incompetence in the maternal-fetal interdigitation, that compromises the cotyledonary fusion. We suggest that, in gestations derived of cloned conceptuses, the increase of the size of the caruncular fusions is possibly associated to a compensatory mechanism for the metabolic exchanges between mother and fetus, in reason of the smallest number of isolated caruncles.

Avaliação da vacinação anti-rábica e da suplementação com probiótico na resposta imune humoral em bovinos

This study evaluated the humoral immune response of a new rabies vaccine developed by the Instituto Butantan (potency of 3.27 UI/ml) in primovaccinated cattle and the effect of probiotic on this response. Thirty-four 15-month old Nelore cattle were randomly divided into 2 groups (17 animals/group). All the animals were vaccinated on day 0 (zero) and then animals in one group received probiotic added to a mineral mixture (GP) while the others were given only the mineral mixture (GC). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 75 and 150 for rabies neutralizing antibodies titers by seroneutralization assay on BHK21 cells (RFFIT). Protective antibody titers (>= 0.5 UI/mL) were found in 82.4% of the animals from GP and in 76.5% of the animals from GC and no statistical difference (p>0.05) between antibody titers in GP and GC was detected on days 75 and 150. It was also observed that in both groups antibody titers was decreased on day 150 (p<0.01). In conclusion, the tested rabies vaccine promotes efficient soroconversion and keeps antibody levels in primovaccinated cattle, but probiotic does not affect the humoral anti-rabies immune response.

Doenças respiratórias em aves atendidas no laboratório de oriento- Patologia da FMVZ-UNESP/Botucatu-SP, Brasil, nos anos de 2005 A 2006

The respiratory tract of birds shows anatomical and physiological characteristics that facilitates the occurrence of disease, mainly those of microbiological origin. This article analyzes the frequency of respiratory diseases in domestic and wild birds treated during the years 2005-2006 at the Ornitopathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootecnics, São Paulo State University (FMVZUNESP). Diagnoses were obtained through clinical and radiographic exams as well as haemogram, microbiological culture, parasitological tests and necropsy, being septicemic processes, aspergillosis and mycoplasmosis the most diagnosed diseases. No zoonotic threats were identified, so the entities were described as of low-impact on public health. However, the above mentioned agents can provoke death of birds and difficult for treating and eradication as well.

Diagnóstico da deficiência de fósforo em bovinos pelos exames histológicos e microrradiográficos de costelas

The objective of the present study was to show the efficiency of histologic and microradiographic techniques performed on rib bone samples as a mean of diagnosing the phosphorus status of cattle raised on phosphorus deficient pastures and receiving different mineral supplements. The rib samples were obtained from cattle of different ages which died from disease that was clinically and epidemiologically diagnosed as botulism. Ten out of 24 juvenile and adult animals studied exibited alterations of osteomalacia, while the others without those alterations served as controls. It is suggested that the method could be useful to improve the diagnosis of phosphorus deficiency of cattle in Brazil.

Epidemiologia e quadro clínico do botulismo epizoótico dos bovinos no Estado de São Paulo

In order to investigate epidemiological and clinical aspects of beef cattle mortalities caused by botulism, a syndrome popularly known as doença da vaca caída, studies were carried out in 32 naturally affected 4 to 9 year old cows, 27 belonging to the Nellore breed and 5 to crossbred Nellore, all from 27 farms located in municipalities near Botucatu, State of São Paulo. The epidemiological and clinical features were based, respectively, on the farm and herd managements, and on the general physical examination of the cows. Mouse bioassay and complement microfixation tests were performed to detect the presence of botulinum toxins in liver samples. The results showed that the disease occurs in beef cattle of range breeding systems, reared under inadequate mineral nutrition and deficient health management. Pregnant and milking cows represented the group at risk, and the incidence was higher during the rainy season (December to March), with morbidity and mortality rates of 3,2 ± 3,6%. Clinical examination revealed cows with no alterations of vital signs, behavior, visual and auditory acuities and skin sensation; but revealed ruminal hypomotility, anorexia, dehydration, flaccid para or tetraparesis with permanent recumbency, and a paretic or paralytic tongue. The diagnosis of botulism, involving type C and D toxins, was consistent with the epidemiological and clinical findings.

Estreptomicina aumenta a aderência em células epiteliais de Bacteroides melaninogenicus associado às lesões peridentárias da cara inchada dos bovinos

Cara inchada of cattle (CI) is a periodontitis which occurs in calves in several regions of Brazil. Its progressive lesions, caused mainly by Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Actinomyces pyogenes, could lead to loss of teeth, malnutrition and possibly death of affected animals. For further analysis of the pathogenesis of this disease the influence of streptomycin on the adherence of the causative bacteria to oral epithelial cells of cattle was determined. Production of streptomycin by soil bacteria (Actinomycetes) in Brazil had been suggested by several authors. In our studies, streptomycin in subinibitory concentrations increased tenfold the rate of adherence with B. melaninogenicus (from 0.4 to 4.0 bacteria per bovine epithelial cell). On the contrary, streptomycin did not influence significantly the adherence of A. pyogenes nor streptococci of the viridans group. Thus, streptomycin could be a contributing factor to the development of the periodontal infections with B. melaninogenicus.