Fusarium graminearum growth inhibition mechanism using phenolic compounds from Spirulina sp

The application of natural antifungal substances is motivated by the need for alternatives to existing methods that are not always applicable, efficient, or that do not pose risk to consumers or the environment. Furthermore, studies on the behaviour of toxigenic species in the presence of natural fungicides have enabled their safe application in the food chain In this study, Spirulina LEB-18 phenolic extract was assessed for its antifungal activity on 12 toxigenic strains of Fusarium graminearum isolated from barley and wheat. The susceptible metabolic pathways were assessed through the determination of structural compounds (glucosamine and ergosterol) and enzyme activity of the microorganisms' primary metabolism. The results indicate that phenolic extracts reduced the growth rate of the toxigenic species investigated. The IC50 was obtained by applying 3 to 8% (p/p) of phenolic compounds in relation to the culture medium. The use of this natural fungicide proved promising for the inhibition of fungal multiplication, especially in terms of the inactivation of enzymatic systems (amylase and protease) of Fusarium graminearum.

Inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption as a novel treatment for diabetes patients

The importance of the kidney in glucose homeostasis has been recognized for many years. Recent observations indicating a greater role of renal glucose metabolism in various physiologic and pathologic conditions have rekindled the interest in renal glucose handling as a potential target for the treatment of diabetes. The enormous capacity of the proximal tubular cells to reabsorb the filtered glucose load entirely, utilizing the sodium-glucose co-transporter system (primarily SGLT-2), became the focus of attention. Original studies conducted in experimental animals with the nonspecific SGLT inhibitor phlorizin showed that hyperglycemia after pancreatectomy decreased as a result of forced glycosuria. Subsequently, several compounds with more selective SGLT-2 inhibition properties (“second-generation”) were developed. Some agents made it into pre-clinical and clinical trials and a few have already been approved for commercial use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In general, a 6-month period of therapy with SGLT-2 inhibitors is followed by a mean urinary glucose excretion rate of ~80 g/day accompanied by a decline in fasting and postprandial glucose with average decreases in HgA1C ~1.0%. Concomitant body weight loss and a mild but consistent drop in blood pressure also have been reported. In contrast, transient polyuria, thirst with dehydration and occasional hypotension have been described early in the treatment. In addition, a significant increase in the occurrence of uro-genital infections, particularly in women has been documented with the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors. Conclusion: Although long-term cardiovascular, renal and bone/mineral effects are unknown SGLT-2 inhibitors, if used with caution and in the proper patient provide a unique insulin-independent therapeutic option in the management of obese type 2 diabetes patients.

Effect of standard and neutral-pH peritoneal dialysis solutions upon fibroblasts proliferation

Introduction: Continuous exposition of the peritoneal membrane to conventional dialysis solutions is an important risk factor for inducing structural and functional alterations. Objective: To compare in vitro mouse fibroblast NIH-3T3 cell viability after exposition to a neutral pH dialysis solution in comparison to cells exposed to a standard solution. Methods: Experimental study to compare the effects of a conventional standard or a neutral-pH, low-glucose degradation products peritoneal dialysis solution on the viability of exposed fibroblasts in cell culture. Both solutions were tested in all the commercially available glucose concentrations. Cell viability was evaluated with tetrazolium salt colorimetric assay. Results: Fibroblast viability was significantly superior in the neutral pH solution in comparison to control, in all three glucose concentrations (Optical density in nm-means ± SD: 1.5% 0.295 ± 0.047 vs. 0.372 ± 0.042, p < 0.001; 2.3% 0.270 ± 0.036 vs. 0.337 ± 0.051, p < 0.001; 4.25% 0.284 ± 0.037 vs. 0.332 ± 0.032, p < 0.001; control vs. neutral pH respectively, Student t Test). There was no significant difference in cell viability between the three concentrations of glucose when standard solution was used (ANOVA p = 0.218), although cell viability was higher after exposition to neutral pH peritoneal dialysis fluid at 1.5% in comparison to 2.3 and 4.25% glucose concentrations (ANOVA p = 0.008: Bonferroni 1.5% vs. 2.3% p = 0.033, 1.5% vs. 4.25% p = 0.014, 2.3% vs. 4.25% p = 1.00). Conclusion: Cell viability was better in neutral pH dialysis solution, especially in the lower glucose concentration. A more physiological pH and lower glucose degradation products may be responsible for such results.

Testes do pH do exsudato para sementes de milho

Com a finalidade de verificar os resultados para genótipos de milho e simplificar o processo por meio da avaliação individual e massal das sementes, desenvolveu-se o presente estudo. Foram utilizados 32 lotes de sementes de milho em dois experimentos. O primeiro visou a avaliação individual do pH do exsudato das sementes, empregando concentrações de uma solução indicadora (SI) composta de carbonato de sódio e fenolftaleína, e períodos de embebição de sementes. O segundo visou a avaliação massal das sementes em duas modalidades: (i) do tempo necessário até desaparecimento da coloração rosa forte do meio contendo sementes, água destilada e SI agregada ao início da prova, (ii) quantidade da SI necessária para colorir o exsudato das sementes após embebição em água destilada. A germinação e o vigor (teste de frio) foram correlacionados com os dados obtidos no teste de pH do exsudato. Baseado nos resultados concluiu-se que é possível determinar a viabilidade das sementes pelo teste de pH do exsudato massal, porém, apresenta relação mediana com o teste de frio. O processo de determinação da viabilidade das sementes pelo teste de pH do exsudato individual que melhor relaciona-se é o utilizado a SI após 20' de embebição. Na avaliação massal, é possível determinar que lotes de sementes de baixa qualidade requerem mais de 0,7ml da SI para mudar de coloração, após 25min. de embebição.

Y học tân thanh. ["puis" Tuần báo phổ thông khoa thuốc]

1938/11/12.

Y học tân thanh. ["puis" Tuần báo phổ thông khoa thuốc]

1939/01/14.

Y học tân thanh. ["puis" Tuần báo phổ thông khoa thuốc]

1938/12/10.

Y học tân thanh. ["puis" Tuần báo phổ thông khoa thuốc]

1938/12/17.

Y học tân thanh. ["puis" Tuần báo phổ thông khoa thuốc]

Etat de collection : 1938-1939

Y học tân thanh. ["puis" Tuần báo phổ thông khoa thuốc]

1938/11/19.

Y học tân thanh. ["puis" Tuần báo phổ thông khoa thuốc]

1939/01/21.

Y học tân thanh. ["puis" Tuần báo phổ thông khoa thuốc]

1938/12/03.

Y học tân thanh. ["puis" Tuần báo phổ thông khoa thuốc]

1938/12/24.

Y học tân thanh. ["puis" Tuần báo phổ thông khoa thuốc]

1938/10/01.

Y học tân thanh. ["puis" Tuần báo phổ thông khoa thuốc]

1938/10/31.