Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for direct bacterial identification from positive blood culture pellets.

An ammonium chloride erythrocyte-lysing procedure was used to prepare a bacterial pellet from positive blood cultures for direct matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis. Identification was obtained for 78.7% of the pellets tested. Moreover, 99% of the MALDI-TOF identifications were congruent at the species level when considering valid scores. This fast and accurate method is promising.

Separation of free amino acids in human plasma by capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence: potential for emergency diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism.

Free amino acids (AAs) in human plasma are derivatized with 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. The labeling procedure is significantly improved over results reported previously. Derivatization can be completed in 40 min, with concentrations as low as 4 x 10(-8) M successfully labeled in favourable cases. Twenty-nine AAs (including 2 internal standards) are identified and can be reproducibly separated in 70 min. Migration time RSD values for 23 of these AAs were calculated and found in the range from 0.5 to 4%. The rapid derivatization procedure and the resolution obtained in the separation are sufficient for a semi-quantitative, emergency diagnosis of several inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). Amino acid profiles for both normal donor plasma samples and plasma samples of patients suffering from phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia, maple syrup urinary disease, hyperornithinemia, and citrullinemia are studied.

Use of terrestrial laser scanning for the characterization of retrogressive landslides in sensitive clay and rotational landslides in river banks

Depuis plus de 10 ans les modèles numériques d'altitude (MNA) produits par technologie de « light detection and ranging » (« LIDAR ») ont fourni de nouveaux outils très utiles pour des études géomorphologiques, particulièrement dans le cas des glissements de terrain. Le balayage laser terrestre (« TLS ») permet une utilisation très souple. Le TLS peut être employé pour la surveillance ou dans des situations d'urgence qui nécessitent une acquisition rapide d'un MNA afin d'évaluer l'aléa. Au travers de trois exemples, nous démontrons l'utilité du TLS pour la quantification de volumes de glissements de terrain, la création de profils et l'analyse de séries temporelles. Ces études de cas sont des glissements de terrain situés dans les argiles sensibles de l'est du Canada (Québec, Canada) ou de petits glissements rotationnels dans les berges d'une rivière (Suisse).

Relations entre le poids la fécondité des reines de fourmis récemment accouplées et leur mode de fondation

Schématiquement on distingue chez les fourmis deux modes principaux de fondation des nouvelles sociétés: la fondation indépendante et la fondation dépendante. Ces deux stratégies entraînent des particularités biologiques importantes. On a étudié dans le présent travail les conséquences du type de fondation sur la fécondité des jeunes reines. Chez les reines monogynes des espèces à fondation indépendante (Camponotus ligniperda, Camponotus herculeanus, Lasius niger), on observe une fécondité d'abord très faible puis qui augmente ensuite régulièrement avec le temps. Chez les reines polygynes des espèces à fondation dépendante (Plagiolepis pygmaea, Iridomyrmex humilis), la fécondité atteint pratiquement son niveau maximal dans les semaines qui suivent l'accouplement. Ces différences dans le niveau de l'activité ovarienne sont confrontées à l'espérance de vie des femelles. ll apparaît que les espèces monogynes à fondation indépendante ont une durée de vie de plusieurs années; leur fécondité ne s'exprimera pleinement qu'au bout de plusieurs saisons d'activité. A l'inverse, les reines polygynes à fondation dépendante ont une vie bien plus courte; elles compensent ce handicap par une ponte qui atteint son niveau maximal dès la fondation.

Instrumentació i control d'actuadors fluídics per a sistemes analítics: sistema de regulació d'una microbomba de precisió a mode de xeringa

En aquest projecte s’ha implementat un sistema de control per a les bombes microfluídiques LPVX de The Lee Company funcionant a mode de xeringa. El sistema consisteix en un circuit controlador basat en el microxip UDN 296 B de Allegro MicroSystems, que conté dos Ponts en H per a controlar motors pas a pas i dos mòduls de Modulació d’Amplada de Polsos (PWM), governat a partir d’un programa de control com a instrument virtual dissenyat sota l’entorn LabVIEW. El programa de control permet indicar la quantitat de volum a aspirar o dispensar per la bomba i escollir entre una execució simple o una de continuada, podent-ne controlar en aquest segona opció el temps entre execució i execució. El programa també permet visualitzar el procés mitjançant la obtenció de la imatge d’una webcam amb DirectShow. Finalment també permet el control remot de l’Instrument Virtual a través de la xarxa d’Internet.

Technological innovation in creative clusters. The case of laser in conservation of artworks in Florence

The field of laser application to the restoration and cleaning of cultural assets is amongst the most thriving developments of recent times. Ablative laser technological systems are able to clean and protect inestimable works of art subject to atmospheric agents and degradation over time. This new technology, which has been developing for the last forty year, is now available to restorers and has received a significant success all over Europe. An important contribution in the process of laser innovation has been carried out in Florence by local actors belonging to a creative cluster. The objects of the analysis are the genesis of this innovation in this local Florentine context, and the relationships among the main actors who have contributed in it. The study investigates how culture can play a part in the generation of ideas and innovations, and which are the creative environments that can favour it. In this context, the issue of laser technologies for the restoration of cultural heritage has been analysed as a case study in the various paths taken by the Creative Capacity of the Culture (CCC).

Biochemistry and mode of action of the Bacillus sphaericus toxins

Bacillus sphaericus produces at least two toxins which are highly toxic to mosquito larvae. The binary toxin, which is comprised of proteins of 51.4 and 41.9 kDa, is present in all highly insecticidal strains. The 100 kDa SSII-1 toxin is present in most highly insecticidal as well as the weakly insecticidal strains. The current status of studies on biochemistry and mode of action of these toxins is reviewed.

Sistemes lidar (radar laser) d'ona contínua i baixa potència per a la detecció i mesura de concentració de gasos amb resolució espacial

The present project has performed the study and development of a new technique for the detection of gases with range resolution. This technique called FMCW-lidar is a technique that evolves from the FMCW-radar technique to be applied to lidar systems. Moreover, it takes advantage of the appearance of spectral absorption lines because of the interaction between light and gases to tune the light wavelength of a laser emitter with one of this spectral lines and then detects the backscattered light and analyzes it in order to obtain gas concentration measurements. The first part of the project consisted in the analysis of the WMS technique which is a technique for the in-situ measurement of gases. A complete theoretical analysis has been performed and some experiments have been carried out in order to test the technique and to validate its application to an FMCW-modulated system for the detection of gases. The second part of the project consisted in the analysis of the lidar FMCW technique for solid target detection and its extension to continuous media. The classical form of this technique has been analyzed for a distributed medium and a filtering effect has been found which prevents the accurate acquisition of the medium response. A modification of the technique has been proposed and a validation via simulations and some experiments has been carried on. After performing these tests, a novel system is proposed to be developed and tested in order to perform the indicated gas detection with range resolution.

Laser scanning-based recognition of rotational movements on a deep seated gravitational instability: The Cinque Torri case (North-Eastern Italian Alps)

The Cinque Torri group (Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy) is an articulated system of unstable carbonatic rock monoliths located in a very important tourism area and therefore characterized by a significant risk. The instability phenomena involved represent an example of lateral spreading developed over a larger deep seated gravitational slope deformation (DSGSD) area. After the recent fall of a monolith of more than 10 000 m3, a scientific study was initiated to monitor the more unstable sectors and to characterize the past movements as a fundamental tool for predicting future movements and hazard assessment. To achieve greater insight on the ongoing lateral spreading process, a method for a quantitative analysis of rotational movements associated with the lateral spreading has been developed, applied and validated. The method is based on: i) detailed geometrical characterization of the area by means of laser scanner techniques; ii) recognition of the discontinuity sets and definition of a reference frame for each set, iii) correlation between the obtained reference frames related to a specific sector and a stable external reference frame, and iv) determination of the 3D rotations in terms of Euler angles to describe the present settlement of the Cinque Torri system with respect to the surrounding stable areas. In this way, significant information on the processes involved in the fragmentation and spreading of a former dolomitic plateau into different rock cliffs has been gained. The method is suitable to be applied to similar case studies.