La madurez lectográfica y los tests ABC-Reversal, profilaxis de la dislexia.

Conocer el momento en el que el niño alcanza la madurez necesaria para comenzar el aprendizaje de la lectura, ya que parte de los fracasos y retrasos en el aprendizaje de la lectura vienen dados por la inadecuación de este aprendizaje y el momento madurativo del niño.. La muestra ha constado de 120 niños de Educación Preescolar de dos Colegios, uno nacional y el otro privado.. Experimental.. Para realizar este estudio se han empleado dos tipos de tests: El ABC y Reversal. . Experimental, en la que se ha llevado a cabo un estudio estadístico, hallando las puntuaciones típicas, puntuaciones directas, estudio de las medias y por último las correlaciones entre ambos tests. . Las conclusiones a las que se ha llegado con este estudio son las siguientes: Para afrontar el aprendizaje de la lectura se necesita una edad determinada, llamada de madurez lectora que es específica de cada niño ya que no existe una relación entre la edad de madurez lectora y la edad cronológica. Desde otro punto de vista, una inteligencia alta o normal unida al fracaso en el reversal Test y a algunas pruebas del test ABC, indica existencia de trastornos relacionados con la estructuración espacial y la capacidad perceptiva. A su vez, la madurez para la lectura puede favorecerse y adelantarse, incluso, mediante el desarrollo adecuado de los factores fisiológicos, psicológicos y socio-ambientales que están implicados en el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura. Los trastornos lectores llamados dislexias pueden prevenirse si se respetan los niveles de madurez de cada niño y si se desarrollan normalmente los factores que pueden originarlas..

Análisis de las relaciones entre orientaciones de meta, clima motivacional, valoración de la Educación Física y flow disposicional en estudiantes de Educación Física en secundaria.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Motivación, comportamientos de disciplina, trato de igualdad y flow disposicional en estudiantes de educación física.

Analizar las relaciones existentes dentro del entorno marcado por la educación física entre cuatro factores claramente diferenciados: la motivación del alumno hacia las clases, la que genera el profesor, los comportamientos disciplinados e indisciplinados, la percepción de la igualdad en el trato entre chicos y chicas y el flow disposicional mostrado en la mejor experiencia sentida por el alumno en sus clases. . Población de estudiantes de primer ciclo de ESO de la Comunidad Valenciana. Muestra compuesta por un total de 1103 alumnos pertenecientes al segundo curso de ESO de centros públicos y privados de la provincia de Alicante. Los instrumentos empleados para recoger la información son: Cuestionario de Percepción del Éxito (Cervelló, Escartí y Balagué, 1999); Instrumento de Medición del Clima Motivacional en las Clases de Educación Física (Cervelló, Moreno, Del Villar y Reina, 2006); Cuestionario de Conductas de Disciplina-Indisciplina en Educación Física (Cervelló, Jiménez, Nerea, Ramos, Del Villar y Santos-Rosa, 2002); Cuestionario de Percepción de Igualdad-Discriminación en Educación Física (Cervelló, Jiménez, Del Villar, Ramos y Santos-Rosa, 2004); Escala de Flow Dispocicional (Jackson, 2000. Traducida por Cervelló, Nerea, Jiménez, García-Calvo y santos-Rosa, 2001). Se utilizó el análisis factorial de componentes principales con rotación varimax para todos los cuestionarios con el fin de determinar su estructura. Se aplica el análisis de correlación para descubrir las relaciones entre variables del estudio. El análisis jerárquico de cluster para identificar los perfiles motivacionales de los alumnos que componen la muestra de estudio atendiendo a las variables de orientación disposicional, clima motivacional percibido, disciplina, coeducación y flow disposicional y el análisis de ecuaciones estructurales para testar los modelos teóricos de la investigación.. Es de vital importancia que el profesor de educación física cree un adecuado clima motivacional implicante en la tarea porque será así facilitador de un trato justo y ecuánime hacia todos sus alumnos, generador de un buen ambiente de clase debido al buen comportamiento de sus discentes ocasionado por la preocupación de éstos hacia el aprendizaje de la materia impartida y fomentador de un estado psicológico óptimo que le ayude a concentrar su atención sobre la actividad a realizar obteniendo como resultado una experiencia enriquecedora y satisfactoria..

Flow e os fenómenos de mentoria e liderança em indústrias de injeção de plásticos da Marinha Grande

Este estudo procura investigar possíveis associações entre as experiências de flow e os fenómenos de mentoria e liderança. Procura-se identificar as características e benefícios de experiências de flow e de relações de mentoria e liderança, percebidos pelos colaboradores de quatro empresas de Injeção de Plásticos da Marinha Grande. Identificam-se as funções de mentoria, os estilos de liderança transacional, transformacional e servidora e os componentes de flow entre estes colaboradores. Para a medição dos estilos de liderança foram utilizados os instrumentos desenvolvidos por Avolio e Bass (2004) e Dennis (2004). Para as funções das relações de mentoria, definidas por Ragins e Kram (2007), o instrumento desenvolvido por Noe (1988). Para os componentes observados em experiências de flow, o instrumento desenvolvido por Jackson e Ecklund (2002). Apoiado nos instrumentos referidos foi aplicado um questionário na recolha dos dados para este estudo. Foram encontradas influências moderadas e fortes entre os estilos de liderança, as funções de mentoria e os componentes de uma experiência de flow.

Oportunidades y perspectivas para PROSISA industria de cintas plásticas al aplicar el material flow management (manejo de flujos materiales)

En la presente tesis los propósitos principales son la adecuada conceptualización y presentación del manejo de flujos materiales; nueva tendencia que ha generado expectativas en el exterior principalmente en industrias europeas y de Norte América. Además se busca dentro del presente trabajo analizar las connotaciones y oportunidades de la aplicación del manejo de flujos materiales en una empresa especifica de nuestro país, “PROSISA” Productos sintéticos S.A., considerando también las incidencias que esto podría tener en la industria general de Plásticos. Con el prenombrado análisis también se busca identificar las perspectivas que la empresa de sintéticos pueda tener al aplicar el manejo de flujos materiales dentro de su proceso productivo principalmente con los desperdicios y posibles soluciones para optimizar los recursos empleados.

The influence of viscous and latent heating on crystal-rich magma flow in a conduit

The flow dynamics of crystal-rich high-viscosity magma is likely to be strongly influenced by viscous and latent heat release. Viscous heating is observed to play an important role in the dynamics of fluids with temperature-dependent viscosities. The growth of microlite crystals and the accompanying release of latent heat should play a similar role in raising fluid temperatures. Earlier models of viscous heating in magmas have shown the potential for unstable (thermal runaway) flow as described by a Gruntfest number, using an Arrhenius temperature dependence for the viscosity, but have not considered crystal growth or latent heating. We present a theoretical model for magma flow in an axisymmetric conduit and consider both heating effects using Finite Element Method techniques. We consider a constant mass flux in a 1-D infinitesimal conduit segment with isothermal and adiabatic boundary conditions and Newtonian and non-Newtonian magma flow properties. We find that the growth of crystals acts to stabilize the flow field and make the magma less likely to experience a thermal runaway. The additional heating influences crystal growth and can counteract supercooling from degassing-induced crystallization and drive the residual melt composition back towards the liquidus temperature. We illustrate the models with results generated using parameters appropriate for the andesite lava dome-forming eruption at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat. These results emphasize the radial variability of the magma. Both viscous and latent heating effects are shown to be capable of playing a significant role in the eruption dynamics of Soufriere Hills Volcano. Latent heating is a factor in the top two kilometres of the conduit and may be responsible for relatively short-term (days) transients. Viscous heating is less restricted spatially, but because thermal runaway requires periods of hundreds of days to be achieved, the process is likely to be interrupted. Our models show that thermal evolution of the conduit walls could lead to an increase in the effective diameter of flow and an increase in flux at constant magma pressure.

Spatial variability of flow statistics within regular building arrays

Turbulence statistics obtained by direct numerical simulations are analysed to investigate spatial heterogeneity within regular arrays of building-like cubical obstacles. Two different array layouts are studied, staggered and square, both at a packing density of λp=0.25 . The flow statistics analysed are mean streamwise velocity ( u− ), shear stress ( u′w′−−−− ), turbulent kinetic energy (k) and dispersive stress fraction ( u˜w˜ ). The spatial flow patterns and spatial distribution of these statistics in the two arrays are found to be very different. Local regions of high spatial variability are identified. The overall spatial variances of the statistics are shown to be generally very significant in comparison with their spatial averages within the arrays. Above the arrays the spatial variances as well as dispersive stresses decay rapidly to zero. The heterogeneity is explored further by separately considering six different flow regimes identified within the arrays, described here as: channelling region, constricted region, intersection region, building wake region, canyon region and front-recirculation region. It is found that the flow in the first three regions is relatively homogeneous, but that spatial variances in the latter three regions are large, especially in the building wake and canyon regions. The implication is that, in general, the flow immediately behind (and, to a lesser extent, in front of) a building is much more heterogeneous than elsewhere, even in the relatively dense arrays considered here. Most of the dispersive stress is concentrated in these regions. Considering the experimental difficulties of obtaining enough point measurements to form a representative spatial average, the error incurred by degrading the sampling resolution is investigated. It is found that a good estimate for both area and line averages can be obtained using a relatively small number of strategically located sampling points.

Structure of turbulent flow over arrays of cubical roughness

The structure of turbulent flow over large roughness consisting of regular arrays of cubical obstacles is investigated numerically under constant pressure gradient conditions. Results are analysed in terms of first- and second-order statistics, by visualization of instantaneous flow fields and by conditional averaging. The accuracy of the simulations is established by detailed comparisons of first- and second-order statistics with wind-tunnel measurements. Coherent structures in the log region are investigated. Structure angles are computed from two-point correlations, and quadrant analysis is performed to determine the relative importance of Q2 and Q4 events (ejections and sweeps) as a function of height above the roughness. Flow visualization shows the existence of low-momentum regions (LMRs) as well as vortical structures throughout the log layer. Filtering techniques are used to reveal instantaneous examples of the association of the vortices with the LMRs, and linear stochastic estimation and conditional averaging are employed to deduce their statistical properties. The conditional averaging results reveal the presence of LMRs and regions of Q2 and Q4 events that appear to be associated with hairpin-like vortices, but a quantitative correspondence between the sizes of the vortices and those of the LMRs is difficult to establish; a simple estimate of the ratio of the vortex width to the LMR width gives a value that is several times larger than the corresponding ratio over smooth walls. The shape and inclination of the vortices and their spatial organization are compared to recent findings over smooth walls. Characteristic length scales are shown to scale linearly with height in the log region. Whilst there are striking qualitative similarities with smooth walls, there are also important differences in detail regarding: (i) structure angles and sizes and their dependence on distance from the rough surface; (ii) the flow structure close to the roughness; (iii) the roles of inflows into and outflows from cavities within the roughness; (iv) larger vortices on the rough wall compared to the smooth wall; (v) the effect of the different generation mechanism at the wall in setting the scales of structures.

The effect of flow field & geometry on the dynamic contact angle

A number of recent experiments suggest that, at a given wetting speed, the dynamic contact angle formed by an advancing liquid-gas interface with a solid substrate depends on the flow field and geometry near the moving contact line. In the present work, this effect is investigated in the framework of an earlier developed theory that was based on the fact that dynamic wetting is, by its very name, a process of formation of a new liquid-solid interface (newly “wetted” solid surface) and hence should be considered not as a singular problem but as a particular case from a general class of flows with forming or/and disappearing interfaces. The results demonstrate that, in the flow configuration of curtain coating, where a liquid sheet (“curtain”) impinges onto a moving solid substrate, the actual dynamic contact angle indeed depends not only on the wetting speed and material constants of the contacting media, as in the so-called slip models, but also on the inlet velocity of the curtain, its height, and the angle between the falling curtain and the solid surface. In other words, for the same wetting speed the dynamic contact angle can be varied by manipulating the flow field and geometry near the moving contact line. The obtained results have important experimental implications: given that the dynamic contact angle is determined by the values of the surface tensions at the contact line and hence depends on the distributions of the surface parameters along the interfaces, which can be influenced by the flow field, one can use the overall flow conditions and the contact angle as a macroscopic multiparametric signal-response pair that probes the dynamics of the liquid-solid interface. This approach would allow one to investigate experimentally such properties of the interface as, for example, its equation of state and the rheological properties involved in the interface’s response to an external torque, and would help to measure its parameters, such as the coefficient of sliding friction, the surface-tension relaxation time, and so on.