993 resultados para defense genes


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Trichoderma spp are effective competitors against other fungi because they are mycoparasitic and produce hydrolytic enzymes and secondary metabolites that inhibit the growth of their competitors. Inhibitory compounds produced by Trichoderma aggressivum, the causative agent of green mold disease, are more toxic to the hybrid off-white strains of Agaricus bisporus than the commercial brown strains, consistent with the commercial brown strain’s increased resistance to the disease. This project looked at the response of hybrid off-white and commercial brown strains of A. bisporus to the presence of T. aggressivum metabolites with regard to three A. bisporus genes: laccase 1, laccase 2, and manganese peroxidase. The addition of T. aggressivum toxic metabolites had no significant effect on MnP or lcc1 transcript abundance. Alternatively, laccase 2 appears to be involved in resistance to T. aggressivum because the presence of T. aggressivum metabolites results in higher lcc2 transcript abundance and laccase activity, especially in the commercial brown strain. The difference in laccase expression and activity between A. bisporus strains was not a result of regulatory or coding sequence differences. Alteration of laccase transcription by RNAi resulted in transformants with variable levels of laccase transcript abundance. Transformants with a low number of lcc transcripts were very sensitive to T. aggressivum toxins, while those with a high number of lcc transcripts had increased resistance. These results indicated that laccase activity, in particular that encoded by lcc2, serves as a defense response of A. bisporus to T. aggressivum toxins and contributes to green mold disease resistance in commercial brown strains.

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This paper develops a model of short-range ballistic missile defense and uses it to study the performance of Israel’s Iron Dome system. The deterministic base model allows for inaccurate missiles, unsuccessful interceptions, and civil defense. Model enhancements consider the trade-offs in attacking the interception system, the difficulties faced by militants in assembling large salvos, and the effects of imperfect missile classification by the defender. A stochastic model is also developed. Analysis shows that system performance can be highly sensitive to the missile salvo size, and that systems with higher interception rates are more “fragile” when overloaded. The model is calibrated using publically available data about Iron Dome’s use during Operation Pillar of Defense in November 2012. If the systems performed as claimed, they saved Israel an estimated 1778 casualties and $80 million in property damage, and thereby made preemptive strikes on Gaza about 8 times less valuable to Israel. Gaza militants could have inflicted far more damage by grouping their rockets into large salvos, but this may have been difficult given Israel’s suppression efforts. Counter-battery fire by the militants is unlikely to be worthwhile unless they can obtain much more accurate missiles.

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Genética) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Genética) UANL.

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Tesis (Maestria en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Genética) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biología) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Genética) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Inmunobiología) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Genética) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Genética) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Genética) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas) U.A.N.L.

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Maestro en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Genética) U.A.N.L.