Stable oxygen isotope and Mg/Ca data of Globigerinoides ruber white, water stable oxygen isotope data, SST and MAT records of sediment core GeoB6211-2

During Termination 1, millennial-scale weakening events of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) supposedly produced major changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of the western South Atlantic, and in mean air temperatures (MATs) over southeastern South America. It has been suggested, for instance, that the Brazil Current (BC) would strengthen (weaken) and the North Brazil Current (NBC) would weaken (strengthen) during slowdown (speed-up) events of the AMOC. This anti-phase pattern was claimed to be a necessary response to the decreased North Atlantic heat piracy during periods of weak AMOC. However, the thermal evolution of the western South Atlantic and the adjacent continent is so far largely unknown. Here we address this issue, presenting high-temporal-resolution SST and MAT records from the BC and southeastern South America, respectively. We identify a warming in the western South Atlantic during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), which is followed first by a drop and then by increasing temperatures during the Bølling-Allerød, in phase with an existing SST record from the NBC. Additionally, a similar SST evolution is shown by a southernmost eastern South Atlantic record, suggesting a South Atlantic-wide pattern in SST evolution during most of Termination 1. Over southeastern South America, our MAT record shows a two-step increase during Termination 1, synchronous with atmospheric CO2 rise (i.e., during the second half of HS1 and during the Younger Dryas), and lagging abrupt SST changes by several thousand years. This delay corroborates the notion that the long duration of HS1 was fundamental in driving the Earth out of the last glacial.

Depth profiles of dissolved sulfide and sulfate in the pore water of hydrocarbon seep sediments offshore Pakistan

The interaction between fluid seepage, bottom water redox, and chemosynthetic communities was studied at cold seeps across one of the world's largest oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) located at the Makran convergent continental margin. Push cores were obtained from seeps within and below the core-OMZ with a remotely operated vehicle. Extracted sediment pore water was analyzed for sulfide and sulfate concentrations. Depending on oxygen availability in the bottom water, seeps were either colonized by microbial mats or by mats and macrofauna. The latter, including ampharetid polychaetes and vesicomyid clams, occurred in distinct benthic habitats, which were arranged in a concentric fashion around gas orifices. At most sites colonized by microbial mats, hydrogen sulfide was exported into the bottom water. Where macrofauna was widely abundant, hydrogen sulfide was retained within the sediment. Numerical modeling of pore water profiles was performed in order to assess rates of fluid advection and bioirrigation. While the magnitude of upward fluid flow decreased from 11 cm yr**-1 to <1 cm yr**-1 and the sulfate/methane transition (SMT) deepened with increasing distance from the central gas orifice, the fluxes of sulfate into the SMT did not significantly differ (6.6-9.3 mol m**-2 yr**-1). Depth-integrated rates of bioirrigation increased from 120 cm yr**-1 in the central habitat, characterized by microbial mats and sparse macrofauna, to 297 cm yr**-1 in the habitat of large and few small vesicomyid clams. These results reveal that chemosynthetic macrofauna inhabiting the outer seep habitats below the core-OMZ efficiently bioirrigate and thus transport sulfate down into the upper 10 to 15 cm of the sediment. In this way the animals deal with the lower upward flux of methane in outer habitats by stimulating rates of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) with sulfate high enough to provide hydrogen sulfide for chemosynthesis. Through bioirrigation, macrofauna engineer their geochemical environment and fuel upward sulfide flux via AOM. Furthermore, due to the introduction of oxygenated bottom water into the sediment via bioirrigation, the depth of the sulfide sink gradually deepens towards outer habitats. We therefore suggest that - in addition to the oxygen levels in the water column, which determine whether macrofaunal communities can develop or not - it is the depth of the SMT and thus of sulfide production that determines which chemosynthetic communities are able to exploit the sulfide at depth. We hypothesize that large vesicomyid clams, by efficiently expanding the sulfate zone down into the sediment, could cut off smaller or less mobile organisms, as e.g. small clams and sulfur bacteria, from the sulfide source.

Prognostic Value of Secretoneurin in Critically Ill Patients With Infections.

OBJECTIVES Secretoneurin is produced in neuroendocrine cells, and the myocardium and circulating secretoneurin levels provide incremental prognostic information to established risk indices in cardiovascular disease. As myocardial dysfunction contributes to poor outcome in critically ill patients, we wanted to assess the prognostic value of secretoneurin in two cohorts of critically ill patients with infections. DESIGN Two prospective, observational studies. SETTING Twenty-four and twenty-five ICUs in Finland. PATIENTS A total of 232 patients with severe sepsis (cohort #1) and 94 patients with infections and respiratory failure (cohort #2). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We measured secretoneurin levels by radioimmunoassay in samples obtained early after ICU admission and compared secretoneurin with other risk indices. In patients with severe sepsis, admission secretoneurin levels (logarithmically transformed) were associated with hospital mortality (odds ratio, 3.17 [95% CI, 1.12-9.00]; p = 0.030) and shock during the hospitalization (odds ratio, 2.17 [1.06-4.46]; p = 0.034) in analyses that adjusted for other risk factors available on ICU admission. Adding secretoneurin levels to age, which was also associated with hospital mortality in the multivariate model, improved the risk prediction as assessed by the category-free net reclassification index: 0.35 (95% CI, 0.06-0.64) (p = 0.02). In contrast, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels were not associated with mortality in the multivariate model that included secretoneurin measurements, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide did not improve patient classification on top of age. Secretoneurin levels were also associated with hospital mortality after adjusting for other risk factors and improved patient classification in cohort #2. In both cohorts, the optimal cutoff for secretoneurin levels at ICU admission to predict hospital mortality was ≈ 175 pmol/L, and higher levels were associated with mortality also when adjusting for Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores. CONCLUSIONS Secretoneurin levels provide incremental information to established risk indices for the prediction of mortality and shock in critically ill patients with severe infections.

UM Men's Swimming Team, 1987

Front Row: swimming coach Jon Urbanchek, Stephen Hamerski, William T. Hayes, Michael G. Bayerl, David A. Kerska, co-captain Joseph E. Parker, Lee C. Michaud, Mats O. Nygren, diving coach Dick Kimball.

2nd Row: manager Jeff Gordon, Martin T. Moran, Richard K. Wilkening, Richard R. Fabian, Matthew R. Smith, Caldwell B. Esselstyn, Matthew D. Curry, Daniel J. Dewhirst, Guy R. Williams.

3rd Row: Timothy S. Petsche, Jon A. Teppo, Jim A. O'Donnell, Alejandro Alvizuri, Ronald M. Melnyk, Alec Campbell, Mike Creaser, David R. McNear, Gregory B. Varner, grad assistant Marc C. Parrish.

4th Row: assistant coach Fernando Canales, Bjoern Warland, Christopher J. Martin, Jan-Erick Olsen, David Goch, William J. Kopas, Robert M. Ceresa, Brent D. Lang, grad assistant Alex Wallingford.

UM Men's Swimming Team, 1988

Front Row: swimming coach Jon Urbanchek, Rob Silverman, Mike Bayerl, Bill Hayes, Lee Michaud, Alec Campbell, Jan-Erick Olsen, Tim Petsche, Eric Kitchen, Martin Moran, Mike Barrowman, diving coach Dick Kimball

2nd Row: trainer Dave Tomchek, Eric Wise, D, Mott, Rick Reising, M. Smith, Alex Alvizuri, Zeb Esselstyn, Tato Ceresa, D. McNear, M. Curry, E. Gotting

3rd Row: David Parrish, Dan Dewhirst, Sean Gallagher, Steve Pancratz, Scott Van Appledorn, Dave Goch, Bill Kopas, G. Williams, Ron Howard, Rick Wilkening, A. DeLuca

Back Row: assistant coach Joe Parker, Scott Ryan, Bjoern Warland, Jarret Winter, Ron Melnyk, L. Aspenwall, Jeff Heydanek, Mats Nygren, Mike Creaser, graduate assistant Dan Kerska

Dem Rambam's tsaṿoʼoh : ... di lebens-geshikhṭe fun ... Rabenu Moysheh ben Maimen ... oykh di ... tsaṿoʼoh ṿos er hoṭ gishribin fir zayne ḳinder.

Mode of access: Internet.

Sefer Ḥesed le-Avraham ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

UM Men's Swimming Team, 1989

Front Row: Eric Wunderlich, Robert S. Silverman, Lee C. Michaud, Michael Barrowman, Alejandro Alvizuri, Mats O. Nygren, William T. Hayes, diving coach Dick Kimball

Middle Row: student assistant Alec Campbell, Caldwell B. Esselstyn, Sean Gallagher, Jeffrey Jozwiak, Eric R. Bailey, Eric Namesnik, Michael G. Bayerl, Stephen Hamerski, Richard K. Wilkening, head coach Jon Urbanchek

Back Row: student assistant Bjoern Warland, Gregory B. Varner, Stephen E. Pancratz, David Henkel, Jarrett R. Winter, William J. Harris, Jim A. O'Donnell, Eric W. Wise, Scott Van Appledorn, Brent D. Lang, assistant coach Dave Kerska

Travel behaviour change in old age : the role of critical incidents in public transport

Older people’s travel behaviour is affected by negative or positive critical incidents in the public transport environment. With the objective of identifying such inci- dents during whole trips and examining how travel beha- viour had changed, we have conducted in-depth interviews with 30 participants aged 65–91 years in the County of Stockholm, Sweden. Out of 469 incidents identified, 77 were reported to have resulted in travel behaviour change, 67 of them in a negative way. Most critical incidents were encountered in the physical environment on-board vehicles and at stations/stops as well as in pricing/ticketing. The findings show that more personal assistance, better driving behaviour, and swift maintenance of elevators and escala- tors are key facilitators that would improve predictability in travelling and enhance vulnerable older travellers’ feeling of security. The results demonstrate the benefit of involving different groups of end users in future planning and design, such that transport systems would meet the various needs of its end users.