The Experience of Minority Female Coaches within Intercollegiate Athletics

It has been suggested that the United States has shown an increase of acceptance and positive attitudes toward diverse cultures and populations. However, there continues to be a drought in research that examines the experience of minority women. In addition, few studies have focused on minority female coaches within athletic environments, which have been known to be both heterosexist and homonegative (Griffin, 1992; Griffin, 1998; Krane, 1996; Krane & Barber, 2003; Krane & Barber, 2005; Roper & Halloran, 2007; Schreibstein, 2010). A person who holds a minority identity has been defined by this paper as belonging to an underrepresented group, including: race, ethnicity, gender, disability, age, religion, and/or sexual orientation. This study, in particular, focused on three specific minority groups: race, gender, and sexual orientation. The proposed study assessed the experiences, challenges, and strategies to overcome obstacles of female coaches who hold minority statuses within National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic departments.

Factores que influyen en la decisión de utilizar anestesia epidural en las mujeres

Justificación: La inmigración en España es un fenómeno de gran importancia que repercute en el área de la salud. Objetivo: Investigar la relación entre la elección de la anestesia epidural y la nacionalidad de la mujer, y a su vez, observar si influyen además otros factores en esta decisión. Diseño y Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo con una muestra de 634 mujeres que han dado a luz en el Hospital del Noroeste de la Región de Murcia. Las variables seleccionadas fueron: antecedentes obstétricos, edad, tipo de anestesia, nacionalidad de la mujer y motivo por el rechazo de la anestesia epidural. Resultados: El 8,51% de las mujeres que dieron a luz en el hospital del Noroeste de la Región de Murcia durante el año 2010 fueron inmigrantes. En cuanto a la nacionalidad, el 20,37% de las mujeres inmigrantes no han utilizado ningún tipo de anestesia. Se ha encontrado una significante diferencia con las mujeres no inmigrantes españolas en las que sólo el 4,31% la rechazó (P<0,001). En relación a los abortos, las mujeres que no prefieren ningún tipo de anestesia son aquellas que sí han tenido abortos (P<0.05). Las edades más jóvenes de las mujeres, de 16 a 25 años, se relaciona con el no uso de la anestesia epidural (P<0,05). Conclusión: Las mujeres inmigrantes hacen menos uso de la anestesia epidural. Es un reto para la enfermera aprender las diferentes culturas ya que realiza su trabajo en una sociedad cada vez más multicultural.

Sensibilizar para a diversidade linguística e cultural no pré-escolar

Relatório de estágio apresentado para obtenção do grau de mestre na especialidade profissional de educação pré-escolar

A diversidade cultural e as suas implicações no processo de ensino e aprendizagem : como integrar a diversidade na educação de infância

Relatório de estágio apresentado para obtenção do grau de mestre na especialidade profissional de Educação pré-escolar

Amino ozonides exhibit in vitro activity against Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes.

Artemisinin is an antimalarial sesquiterpene lactone that contains a 1,2,4-trioxane heterocycle. Dihydroartemisinin and artesunate demonstrated activity against Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes in vitro but were not effective in a mouse model. In this study, the in vitro effects of a small library of synthetic ozonides (1,2,4-trioxolanes) were investigated. Initial compound screening against E. multilocularis metacestodes was performed at 20μM, and selected ozonides were further assessed in dose-response studies in metacestode cultures and mammalian cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to characterise compound-induced structural alterations. At 20μM, the most potent ozonides (OZ401, OZ455, OZ491 and OZ494) led to death of ca. 60-100% of the parasites. Subsequent dose-response experiments demonstrated that OZ401, OZ455 and OZ491, which contain an aminopropylether substructure, were the most potent, with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 11μM to 14μM. Cytotoxicity for these three ozonides, assessed in human foreskin fibroblasts, rat hepatoma cells and green monkey epithelial kidney (Vero) cells, was evident only at high concentrations. TEM demonstrated that OZ401 and OZ491 treatment induced considerable metabolic impairment in metacestodes at 1 day post exposure. At Day 3 post exposure, the germinal layer was severely distorted, although some intact cells were still visible, demonstrating that not all cell types in the parasite tissue were equally affected. Complete destruction of the germinal layer was noted at 5 days post exposure. Synthetic ozonides could represent interesting leads that will be further investigated in a suitable in vivo model of E. multilocularis infection.

Short communication: Role of Streptococcus pluranimalium in Mediterranean buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with different udder health statuses

The aims of the current study were to describe presence and clinical role over time of Streptococcus pluranimalium isolated in milk samples of Mediterranean buffalo (MB). Two hundred composite milk samples originating from 40 primiparous MB were collected at 10, 30, 60, 90, and 150d in milk (DIM) and from 20 pluriparous MB at 77 to 120 DIM. Milk samples were used for analysis of somatic cell counts, bacteriological cultures, and identification (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry). Nine of 200 (4.5%) samples of primiparous MB and 3 of 20 (15%) samples of pluriparous MB were positive for Strep. pluranimalium. The prevalence of the bacterium in primipari was 0% (0/40) at 10, 30, and 150 DIM, whereas it was 5 (2/40) and 17.5% (7/40) at 60 and 90 DIM, respectively. Eight primipari were positive only once, whereas 1 was positive at 2 different samplings. Mono-infection was not detected in any of the age categories or udder health status. Infections were transient in primipari. Clinical mastitis was observed in primipari once at 90 DIM, subclinical mastitis detected twice in the same animals at 60 and 90 DIM, and intramammary infections were diagnosed 1 and 5 times at 60 and 90 DIM in primipari, respectively, whereas 3 infections were diagnosed in pluripari. The clinical reflections demonstrate for the first time the presence of Strep. pluranimalium in MB and its association with different udder health status. Nevertheless, it cannot be excluded that the bacterium may simply follow a pattern of commensal or opportunistic behavior, taking advantage of a preexisting bacterial udder infection.

Mapping Emotion Terms into Affective Space: Further Evidence for a Four-Dimensional Structure

Recent empirical work on the semantics of emotion terms across many different cultures and languages, using a theoretical componential approach, suggested that four dimensions are needed to parsimoniously describe the semantic space of the emotion domain as reflected in emotion terms (Fontaine, Scherer, Roesch, & Ellsworth, 2007; Fontaine, Scherer, & Soriano, 2013). In addition to valence, power, and arousal, a novelty dimension was discovered that mostly differentiated surprise from other emotions. Here, we further explore the existence and nature of the fourth dimension in semantic emotion space using a much larger and much more representative set of emotion terms. A group of 156 participants each rated 10 out of a set of 80 French emotion terms with respect to semantic meaning. The meaning of an emotion term was evaluated with respect to 68 emotion features representing the appraisal, action tendency, bodily reaction, expression, and feeling components of the emotion process. A principal component analysis confirmed the four-dimensional valence, power, arousal, and novelty structure. Moreover, this larger and much more representative set of emotion terms revealed that the novelty dimension not only differentiates surprise terms from other emotion terms, but also identifies substantial variation within the fear and joy emotion families.

O jogo da distinção: C. A. Paulistano e Fluminense F. C.: um estudo das identidades clubísticas durante a fase amadora do futebol em São Paulo e no Rio de Janeiro (1902-1933)

Este trabalho investiga o processo de formação de identidades clubisticas durante a fase amadora do futebol brasileiro (1900 – 1933), tendo por foco os casos do C A Paulistano e do Fluminense F. C. Tal construção identitária costuma atribuir a estes clubes a marca da elitização calcada na distinção e no refinamento. Ao aprofundar e ao matizar essa versão consagrada pelo memorialismo esportivo, pretende-se analisar a história dessas duas agremiações, durante os anos iniciais do desenvolvimento do futebol na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, com destaque à relação do esporte com o desenvolvimento destas duas cidades. Para a demonstração de nosso argumento central, levantaremos os aspectos sociais, econômicos, políticos e culturais que podem ser considerados fundamentais na construção da imagem de distinção atribuída tanto ao Fluminense quanto ao Paulistano. Com o emprego do método comparativo, buscaremos apontar as semelhanças e diferenças na história desses clubes, tendo como pressupostos teóricos os trabalhos de Bourdieu sobre a distinção, de Hobsbawm e Ranger sobre a invenção das tradições e de Halbwachs sobre a memória coletiva. Junto aos acervos documentais das duas instituições examinadas, utilizaremos como fontes a documentação produzida pelos clubes no período e os periódicos da época. Procuraremos demonstrar, através dos relatos memoriais produzidos por escritores, dirigentes e ex-atletas, a perpetuação de uma série de valores simbólicos e de tradições que associaram o Paulistano e o Fluminense a um espaço de distinção e refinamento que se reproduziu ao longo das gerações e que permanece no imaginário esportivo até os dias atuais.

Rambles in wonderland, or, Up the Yellowstone /

Subtitle: And among the geysers, cañons, cataracts, forests, lakes, mammoth springs, mud volcanoes, and boiling cauldrons of the national park, containing descriptions of this recently explored region, sketches of Indian customs and traditions, thrilling adventures, and anecdotes and incidents of camplife in the mountains, with an account of the capture and sufferings of a party of tourists who fell into the hands of the Nez-Percés, under Joseph, in the summer of 1877.

Who owns the child in hospital? A preliminary discussion

Aim. To 'own' a person is considered an infringement of human rights, but we suggest that concepts of ownership influence interactions between parents and staff when a child is admitted to hospital. This paper aims to stimulate debate and contains an explanation of the exploration of the literature for research and discussion of ownership of the child. Method. A wide variety of library indexes, databases and populist media were examined although it was impossible to examine all literature which may have contained references to this topic, and, apart from databases which contained abstracts in English, we could not include literature written in any language other than English, Swedish, and Icelandic. Findings. We found no research that examines how concepts of ownership of a child affects communication between health professionals and parents and, ultimately, the delivery of health care. This paper begins discussion on the issues. Discussion. Historical literature shows that ownership of humans has been a part of many cultures, and parents were once considered to own their children. Ownership of another has legal connotations, for instance in guardianship struggles of children during marriage breakup and in ethical debates over surrogacy and products of assisted conception. Within health care, it becomes a contentious issue in transplantation of body parts, in discourse on autonomy and informed consent, and for religious groups who refuse blood transfusions. In health care, models such as family centred care and partnership in care depend on positive communication between parents and staff. If a hospital staff member feels that he/she owns a child for whom he/she is caring, then conflict between the staff member and the parents over who has the 'best interests of the child' at heart is possible. Conclusion. We encourage debate about concepts of who owns the hospitalized child - the parents or the staff? Should it be argued at all? Is the whole concept of ownership of another, be it adult or child, the ethical antithesis to modern beliefs about human rights? Comment on this issue is invited.

Is the potential of Coccidoxenoides perminutus, a mealybug parasitoid, limited by climatic or nutritional factors?

The encyrtid Coccidoxenoides perminutus is a widely distributed parasitoid of citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri). Worldwide, it has been implicated in successful biocontrol in only a few widely separated localities. C perminutus contributes little to control P. citri in field situations in south-east Queensland, Australia, but invades insectary cultures and reduces mealybug populations considerably under these controlled conditions. This discrepancy between poor field performance and good performance under controlled conditions was investigated to establish whether climatic factors inhibit the field performance of this species in the biological control of P. citri. Subsequent laboratory examination of the influence of varied humidities and temperatures on the activity levels and survival of C perminutus revealed a low tolerance for high saturation deficits (i.e., low % RH at high T degreesC) with reduced reproductive output. The influence of different food sources on adult survival and reproduction was also quantified, to establish if the adverse effects of climate could be overcome by supplementing adult diet. Neither honeydew from their mealybug hosts nor nectar from Alphitonia flowers significantly enhanced parasitoid survival. A subsequent test of five nectar species revealed a significant difference in their influence on C. perminutus survival and reproduction, with only Alpinia zerumbet proving to be as suitable as honey. The floral species that proved suitable in the laboratory need to be checked for their attractiveness to C perminutus in the field and for their ability to enhance the survival and reproductive output of parasitoids. This information suggests that the prevailing dry conditions in south-east Queensland citrus-growing areas apparently impede successful biological control of P. citri by C perminutus, but possibilities are available for habitat manipulation (by providing suitable nectar sources for adult parasitoids) to conserve and enhance C perminutus activity in the field. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Stakeholder opinion of functional communication activities following traumatic brain injury

Primary objective : To establish a process whereby assessment of functional communication reflects the authentic communication of the target population. The major functional communication assessments available from the USA may not be as relevant to those who reside elsewhere, nor assessments developed primarily for persons who have had a stroke as relevant for traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Research design : The investigation used the Nominal Group Technique to elicit free opinion and support individuals who have compromised communication ability. A survey mailed out sampled a larger number of stakeholders to test out differences among groups. Methods and procedures : Five stakeholder groups generated items and the survey determined relative 'importance'. The stakeholder groups in both studies comprised individuals with traumatic brain injury and their families, health professionals, third-party payers, employers, and Maori, the indigenous population of New Zealand. Main outcomes and results : There was no statistically significant difference found between groups for 19 of the 31 items. Only half of the items explicitly appear on a well-known USA functional communication assessment. Conclusions : The present study has implications for whether functional communication assessments are valid across cultures and the type of impairment.

Understanding sociocognitive space of written discourse: Implications for teaching business writing to Chinese students

Confronted with various issues in teaching business writing to Chinese students in New Zealand, this paper sees the need for bridging the gap between genre-based research and teaching in an intercultural context. Specifically, it develops an intercultural reflective model in the light of Bhatia's sociocognitive genre study as well as cross-cultural persuasion. As an important part of the model, New Zealand and Chinese experts' intracultural and intercultural reflections on business writing are solicited and compared and the theoretical implications for teaching and learning business writing are discussed. It has been found, through a case study of analysing English and Chinese business faxes, this model can offer an in-depth understanding about discursive competence across cultures, and provide a link between genre-based theory, teaching practice and professional expertise.

Control of culture environment for improved polyethylenimine-mediated transient production of recombinant monoclonal antibodies by CHO cells

In this study we describe optimization of polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated transient production of recombinant protein by CHO cells by facile manipulation of a chemically defined culture environment to limit accumulation of nonproductive cell biomass, increase the duration of recombinant protein production from transfected plasmid DNA, and increase cell-specific production. The optimal conditions for transient transfection of suspension-adapted CHO cells using branched, 25 kDa PEI as a gene delivery vehicle were experimentally determined by production of secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter in static cultures and recombinant IgG(4) monoclonal antibody (Mab) production in agitated shake flask cultures to be a DNA concentration of 1.25 mu g 10(6) cells(-1) mL(-1) at a PEI nitrogen: DNA phosphate ratio of 20:1. These conditions represented the optimal compromise between PEI cytotoxicity and product yield with most efficient recombinant DNA utilization. Separately, both addition of recombinant insulin-like growth factor (LR3-IGF) and a reduction in culture temperature to 32 degrees C were found to increase product titer 2- and 3-fold, respectively. However, mild hypothermia and LR3-IGF acted synergistically to increase product titer 11-fold. Although increased product titer in the presence of LR3-IGF alone was solely a consequence of increased culture duration, a reduction in culture temperature post-transfection increased both the integral of viable cell concentration (IVC) and cell-specific Mab production rate. For cultures maintained at 32 degrees C in the presence of LR3-IGF, IVC and qMab were increased 4- and 2.5-fold, respectively. To further increase product yield from transfected DNA, the duration of transgene expression in cell populations maintained at 32 C in the presence of LR3-IGF was doubled by periodic resuspension of transfected cells in fresh media, leading to a 3-fold increase in accumulated Mab titer from similar to 13 to similar to 39 mg L-1. Under these conditions, Mab glycosylation at Asn297 remained essentially constant and similar to that of the same Mab produced by stably transfected GS-CHO cells. From these data we suggest that the efficiency of transient production processes (protein output per rDNA input) can be significantly improved using a combination of mild hypothermia and growth factor(s) to yield an extended activated hypothermic synthesis.