Análise comparativa entre propriedades mecânicas, termofísicas e geométricas de tijolos produzidos pelos fornos caieira e abóbada

In the State of Rio Grande do Norte potteries are distributed in several counties in the four meso, which are: West Potiguar, Center Potiguar, Agreste Potiguar and East Portiguar. The ceramics, mostly, are responsible for products used in construction as bricks, tiles and white brick and wood used as fuel. This paper had a primary focus in the region of Seridó. The furnaces in this region, used to manufacture bricks are configured Caieira and Valt, in most of them using principles rustic, usually operated in an empirical way, using principles of control rather primitive, predominantly visual control. The focus of this study was to analyze the differences in the thermophysical, mechanical and geometric characteristics of bricks produced by Caieira and vault furnaces, using the NBR 15720 and the evaluation of energy efficiency in both furnaces. Thermophysical characteristics were analyzed through tests to determine the water absorption obtained from the difference between dry mass and wet mass of the sample and analysis of the thermal gradient, the mechanical characteristics from determination of the compressive strength of ceramic brick popularly known as bricks and also analyzed the geometrical characteristics of the bricks in order to verify the homogeneity of manufacturing. The tests showed that the energy difference of the two furnaces is not considered responsible for a significant difference in the properties of the products

Estudo do potencial refratário de argilas sílico-aluminosas do Rio Grande do Norte

The segment of the structural ceramics industry is one of the most important to the economy of Rio Grande do Norte. The supply chain makes a total of 206 companies that are distributed in 39 counties, concentrated in three regional centers: Seridó Apodi / Assu and great Natal. The ceramic industry in the state is around 80 million pieces per month, with 50,186 million of these tiles, which makes the Rio Grande do Norte one of the largest manufacturers of product in the Country. Different ceramic products can be manufactured by mixing two or more clays and accessory minerals. Mixtures acquire characteristics and form what is called the ceramic body. Refractory masses have a high melting point and thermal shock support. Its composition contains refractory clays with a little iron oxide and material fluxes. A line of semi-refractory ceramic products that stands out for its high added value are the bricks in ivory or red, used in building barbecues, fireplaces, wood stoves and braziers. The aim of this study was to use alumina-clay or silica- alumina-clay to the industrial RN, for the production of refractory bricks semi-refractory burning light. Clay and Kaolin were characterized for their chemical and mineralogical composition, immediately after ceramic bodies were made with different concentrations of the components, they were raised, pressed and sintered. After sintering the resulting products were characterized in terms of mechanical, thermal and dimensional than the characterization by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. After obtaining the results, we concluded that the studied clay can be used for the production of semi-refractory bricks

Interfaces cultural, política e organizacional do projeto caminhos do frio rota cultural no contexto da regionalização do turismo no brejo paraibano

This study is the analysis of cultural, political and organizational interfaces of "Caminhos do Frio Rota Cultural" Project in the context of tourism regionalization in Brejo Paraibano and it presents the characterization, routing and inventory of six municipalities of the Project, as well as the identification of cultural elements used for tourist in the routing of the pond, the investigation of political and organizational articulation and the verification of participation of each producing agent in the development of tourism resulting from the swamp of Paraiba. This is a qualitative descriptive and exploratory study, which makes use of the interpretive paradigm to perform an analysis of the environment where occurs the regionalization of tourism in Brejo of Paraíba and the social actors involved in this process in order to pursue development of the region through culture and tourism, with the collection spot in the six counties of the Project participants collected through interviews with managers, community, government agencies and tourist trade, and the use of the technique of direct observation. This time, with the data analysis it was possible to establish the production situation and its cultural and tourist development in the region of Brejo (PB), where culture has become a developmental tool within the tourism industry due to its innovation potential. It was possible to ratify the undisputed vocation of cultural tourism in the region in question, since other projects being developed with the use of cultural resources with a strong influence on the policies of regional tourism. Thus, the main result was that was seen is that the regional development has triggered a refunctionalisation / reappropriation of space just rebuilding a new territorial organization through the development of a regional autonomy of management, a capacity of collective ownership and the use of economic surplus, a spontaneous process of social inclusion as well as awareness and mobilization tourist (even if initial and shy), an appreciation of natural and cultural assets for all stakeholders and especially identification of the population with its region and its culture, as to achieve regional development is not enough to increase the economic, but above all the promotion of endogenous social factors such as changes in social and cultural values and the integration of social actors in this process. Finally, taking into account the definitions of sustainability, it is considered that cannot be said that the development model seen in the swamp of Paraiba is sustainable, but it is a model of regional development based on the unique characteristics that each municipality has and create a regional identity and have correponded expectations / desired results and therefore the viability of the region through the development of cultural tourism was proven

Fatores que afetam o apoio de residentes ao desenvolvimento do turismo em sítios arqueológicos: um estudo no Seridó Potiguar

The tourist activity , which appropriates spaces and natural , cultural , social and economic scenarios in a given locality , requires a model of integrated development necessarily reconciling the support of residents. In this perspective , this study aims to analyze the factors influencing the support of residents in tourism development in archaeological sites , specifically in the two counties of Parelhas and Carnaúba dos Dantas , in Rio Grande do Norte, in the region of Seridó Potiguar as well as the interrelationship existing between these factors . To achieve the proposed objective of the research , a descriptive -exploratory and quantitative study based on the study of Nunkoo and Hamkisson (2012 ) , using the technique of Structural Equation Modeling - SEM to explain the relationships of the constructs used in this research. Data collection was performed during the periodof May 2013 to July 2013. Among other studies, results indicate that , for the profile of the interviewees used , the higher the confidence of the community residing in the government agencies responsible for, the largest tourism will support the resident to the tourism development and that this supply relationship institutions and government agencies an opportunity to enhance their development strategies and social thinking of the resident agent of tourism . It was also found that the analysis model proposed has a better structural relationship when used interviewees who have knowledge about the activities in the archaeological sites , then suggesting the need for further research on the effect of the level of knowledge of the interviewee on the object and support of residents to tourism development

A agricultura familiar do Seridó potiguar: vulnerabilidade, percepção e adaptação às mudanças climáticas

At the semiarid regions of developing countries the rural population has always been vulnerable to the climatic variations e its consequences. The effects of the semiarid climate, together with other biophysics, social and political-economic factors, impair the agricultural production, generating a situation of food insecurity and poverty in the rural areas. With the occurrence of climate change, natural resources of the semiarid regions can became scarcer, what would directly affect the agricultural production and those who depend on it. Therefore, the present study sought to study one of the most susceptible areas to the effects of the semiarid climate and desertification of Rio Grande do Norte, the potiguar s Serido. The study aimed to analyze the socioeconomic and environmental factors that put farmers in a position of vulnerability to the effects of climate; assess their perceptions about climate variations that have already occurred and their knowledge about climate change and global warming, also to identify which adaptation strategies to climate they have adopted at the rural establishment. The survey was conducted in 29 communities of four counties of the potiguar s Serido Caico, Parelhas, Lagoa Nova and Acari. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with local leaders and 241 questionnaires were applied with the family farmers. It was found that in addition to environmental factors such as the scarcity of water resources and climatic conditions, other factors such as the environmental degradation, the small size of the properties, the lack of technical assistance and financial resources and also the low education levels reduce the resilience capacity of family farming to the effects of the Semiarid climate. With the occurrence of climate change, the challenges for family farming at Serido will intensify. If farmers cannot adapt, the impacts may preclude this category of agricultural production causing serious harm to food security and further increasing the vulnerability situation of these populations. Although the farmers perceived changes in climate, the lack resources and information appears as the main reasons preventing the adoption of adaptation strategies. The lack of knowledge about climate change and global warming and the impacts that these phenomena may cause are also limiting factors for adaptation. It is therefore essential to identify the factors that influence the adoption of adaptation strategies, and seek alternatives to living with the semiarid that can strengthen the resilience of family farming and social reproduction that allow agricultural segment, even in a climate change scenario

Sismicidade e correlação com feições geológicas: o caso do lineamento Pernambuco e seu entorno

This thesis presents and discusses the results of the various seismic areas in the State of Pernambuco, with the aim of having a vision of regional seismicity and its causes. To the papers published in journals were added two new original works submitted to international journals, dealing with seismic areas located in the counties of São Caetano, Cupira, and Agrestina. All seismic areas mentioned in this thesis are located on the Pernambuco Lineament and its surroundings (both in branches or single faults within 40 km of it). The Pernambuco Lineament is a Neoproterozoic shear zone of continental-scale that deformed the Borborema Province, and presents as branches, shear zones with NE-SW direction. The new submitted papers are from the analysis of data collected by three local networks of stations that operated in the following areas: network SO07 (seismicity in the district of Santa Luzia - São Caetano, 2007), network BM10 (data from seismic areas of Serra Verde ( Cupira) and Barra do Chata (Agrestina), in 2010), network SO10 (seismicity near the urban center of São Caetano in 2010). These data were used for determining the hypocenters and focal mechanisms in order to discuss the relationship between the seismicity and geological features of the area. The new mechanisms obtained, as well as the previously published allowed the determination of the direction of the average stress in the region. The direction of stress in the region involving the various seismic areas, now or previously studied, is quite stable and approximate EW direction (SHmax). The correlation between seismicity and geological features is observed on the lineament and north of it. In the south (Cupira and Agrestina), in seismic areas nearby shear zones NE-SW, there is no correlation and seismogenic EW normal faults are active and its motion is compatible with regional stresses. It is probable that these active faults are more recent than the Neoproterozoic, probably of the Cretaceous period, when the last great movement of the Pernambuco Lineament occurred

Piranha attacks in dammed streams used for human recreation in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Ataques por piranhas vêm se tornando um problema comum em trechos represados de rios e córregos no estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil. em dois surtos ocorridos em dois municípios vizinhos no noroeste do estado, 74 banhistas foram mordidos. Uma mordida por pessoa foi registrada, em curto período do ano. As mordidas estão relacionadas a cuidado parental e/ou defesa do território de desova, o que reforça estudos anteriores e desmistifica os ataques por este peixe lendário, da maneira como são popularmente percebidos. A colocação de redes de malha fina e a remoção de vegetação aquática cessaram os ataques.

Geologia e paleontologia de depósitos fossilíferos pleistocênicos do Rio Grande do Norte

This study deals with origin, sedimentary filling and fossil content of three tanks situated at Antônio Martins, Barcelona, Rui Barbosa, and Apodi counties, Rio Grande do Norte State. In addition, fossil materials from the Câmara Cascudo Museum - UFRN - Fundação Amigos do Lajedo Soledade - FALS, and from private ownership were investigated. The following families were identified: Megatberiidae, Gomphotheriidae, Mylodontidae, Equidae, Felidae, Canidae, Hydrochoeridae, Camelidae, Cervidae, Dasypodidae, Glyptodontidae, Macraucheniidae, Toxodontidae, and an undetermined Edentata Pilosa. The megafauna analysis indicated that herbivorc families occur mainly in tanks, whereas carnivore families occur in a vast proportion in an investigated ravine. Taphonomie analyses were limited to physical features because the vast majority of fossils were previously colleted without appropriate care for this kind of study. The main fossization processes were identified during diagenetie investigation. Permineralization is the most important process and replacement is the secondary one during fossilization. The study concluded that paleoenvironmental conditions during the late Pleistocene were more humid than the current one. Tropical savana, characterized by fields and cerrados , was the dominant vegetation

O circuito espacial da indústria de cerâmica vermelha no seridó potiguar

This research has as an empirical universe, the productive territory of red ware in the Seridó region of Rio Grande do Norte. In the last years this territory has gone through a process of appropriation that has been substantially changing the environmental and social dynamism of the place. However, the industry of red ware has been focusing in some areas, mainly, in the county of Parelhas and Carnaúba dos Dantas. From this point of view, the aim of this work consists in analyze the use of these areas by the red ware industry and the transformations occurred with the expansion of the number of industries and the productivity raise, that requires bigger amounts of earthenware and wood, resources that are low in referred territory. As the result of this process, the suitable alternative has been to acquire inputs in other Rio Grande do Norte counties, as well as in Paraíba counties. To reach the proposed objective, the methodology of this work was consisted of bibliographic and empirical research, regarding the occupation that this activity covers in the Seridó region. From the information obtained during the research, it can be stated that the inputs to the production execution in the red ware industry are acquired in the geographic nearby lands. The analysis of the stages of the production(acquisition of raw material, production and commercialization) showed that the activity acts in a continuous area, having as principal consumer market other northeastern states and the state of Pará. The present study revealed that the pottery activity is set as untenable, because of non-stopping use of the argil and wood, resources that are vanishing from the area, which consume causes a many problems such as deforestation and erosion. Besides, the sale of productive lands for the red ware industries makes harder its good use by the familiar agriculturists in the development of agriculture and cattle raising activity, which for many times is the main economic activity of the place. The precariousness reveals in the constant accidents at work, that most of them are neglected by the local authorities, without any penalty to the industries. Therefore, the industry of red ware in Seridó uses the territory as a resource, leaving its environmental problems that my compromise the quality of life of the actual and future generations

Aspectos epidemiológicos da tuberculose pulmonar nos municípios de Botucatu, Conchas, São Manuel e Avaré, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, de 1963 a 1972

O diagnóstico da situação da tuberculose pulmonar nos Municípios de Botucatu, Conchas, São Manuel e Avaré, SP, Brasil, baseou-se na prevalência e risco de infecção em escolares de lª série, em 1972, e em dados de morbidade e mortalidade específica, de 1963 a 1972. Realizou-se inquérito tuberculínico em 2.913 escolares, com PPD 23 RT-2UT; foram analisados os prontuários de 718 casos inscritos no CSI de Botucatu e os atestados de óbito de residentes, incluindo-se os ocorridos em hospitais especializados. As taxas de prevalência de infecção para os quatro Municípios foram respectivamente 2,4%; 6,8%; 1,9% e 4,5%. Para a idade de 7,5 anos, os riscos de infecção foram: 0,27%; 0,32; 0,20% e 0,34%. O nível de infecção apurado caracterizou o conjunto como área de média prevalência da tuberculose pulmonar. Os índices de prevalência de infecção relacionaram-se diretamente à incidência de casos bacilíferos de cada Município. em 530 casos com baciloscopia, houve 62,0% de positividade. As formas radiológicas moderada e avançada predominaram principalmente em adultos jovens do sexo masculino. Foram registradas alta taxa de abandono (39,5%}, baixo percentual de cura (17,9%) e 3,4% de óbitos; ao redor de 32,0% estava em tratamento. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas das proporções de abandono, segundo procedência por Município ou formas da doença. Invocaram-se razões técnico-administrativas do sistema vigente para explicar esses achados. A incidência média de casos confirmados, no período, foi de 35,4 em Conchas, 33,1 em Avaré, 23,7 em Botucatu e 18,5 em São Manuel (por 100.000). Com casos confirmados e suspeitos os índices foram: 57,6; 48,8; 43,8 e 35,3. Os índices médio-anuais de mortalidade, foram: 7,6 em Botucatu, 12,14 em Conchas, 5,0 em São Manuel e 18,7 em Avaré (por 100.000). Apenas em Botucatu registrou-se declínio das taxas de mortalidade de 1963 a 1972. A mortalidade específica em adultos jovens ainda era elevada, predominando no sexo masculino, principalmente em Conchas. Sublinhou-se a necessidade de descentralizar as atividades antituberculose para atingir um controle eficiente.

Hepatozoon canis infection associated with dog ticks of rural areas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Hepatozoon canis is a tick-borne protozoan that infects dogs and has been reported throughout the world. Manifestation of H. canis infection varies from being sub-clinical in apparently healthy dogs to severe illness. The main vector of the infection is the dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus although other species may also transmit this agent. H. canis has been reported previously in Brazil, but mostly as an occasional finding during laboratory exams and always associated with other diseases. The prevalence of H. canis in dogs of rural areas of Brazil has been little studied. For this study, 250 dogs from seven counties of Rio de Janeiro state were examined. All the dogs were from rural areas, near forest. of the dogs examined, 26 dogs were from Seropedica, 82 from Itaguai, 41 from Paracambi, 26 from Mangaratiba, 32 from Barra do Pirai, 32 from Pirai and 11 from Miguel Pereira. Blood smears from the peripheral blood of the ear were taken and ticks found on the dogs were collected for identification in the laboratory. Using blood smear evaluation, H. canis was identified in 39.2% of the animals examined. Other hemoparasites identified were Babesia canis (5.2%) and Ehrlichia canis (4.8%). Four tick species were found parasitizing the dogs: Amblyomma cajennense (23.6%), R. sanguineus (12.4%), Amblyomma aureolatum (2.8%) and Amblyomma ovale (2.0%). There was a positive correlation between the presence of A. cajennense and H. canis infection. (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

SYSTEMATICS, TAPHONOMY, and PALEOECOLOGY of HOMALONOTID TRILOBITES (PHACOPIDA) FROM THE PONTA GROSSA FORMATION (DEVONIAN), PARANA BASIN, BRAZIL

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Rescaled range analysis of pluviometric records in SA o pound Paulo State, Brazil

This paper presents an analysis of pluviometric precipitation time series obtained from 45 data collection points, with daily rain measurements (in mm), from 45 counties within the nine climatic regions of the state of SA o pound Paulo, mostly for the period of 1950-1997. SA o pound Paulo State (Brazil) is situated between the inter-tropical climatic zone, dominated by tropical and equatorial masses, and the sub-tropical climatic zone controlled by tropical and polar air masses. Due to this location the State can be divided into three climatic zones: south-east and south-west, which are permanently humid, and north with a well defined dry period. Rescaled range analysis, or R/S analysis, has been used to investigate the scale properties of the time series. We found two clear values for the Hurst exponent, one for a period of 10 to 200 days (H(1)), and another for a period above 210 days (H(2)). The value of H(1) lies between 0.6 to 0.7 for all climatic zones indicating characteristics of persistence. However, H(2) is (i) close to 0.5 for the littoral area, showing random characteristics, (ii) close to 0.6 for mountain areas, indicating persistence characteristics, and (iii) close to 0.4 for the plane area, irrespective of whether the climate is dry or humid, and shows anti-persistence characteristics.

Detecção de Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens em sementes de feijoeiro produzidas em Santa Catarina

Foi avaliada a presença de Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens em 37 amostras de sementes de feijoeiro, dos grupos preto e carioca, produzidas em municípios do Estado de Santa Catarina, nas safras 2004/2005 e 2005/2006. Para a detecção, as sementes foram maceradas e alíquotas de sua suspensão foram transferidas para o meio de cultura semi-seletivo MSCFF. A identidade dos isolados obtidos foi comprovada por meio da observação da morfologia celular, coloração diferencial de Gram, tolerância a NaCl a 7% e patogenicidade em cultivares de feijoeiro suscetíveis. Detectou-se a presença de Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens em 23 amostras (62,2%), indicando a importância das sementes como fonte de inoculo inicial.

Novos registros de Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912)(Diptera: Psychodidae) na região Centro-Leste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil

A incidência das leishmanioses tegumentar (LTA) e visceral (LVA) americanas, especialmente essa última, em hospedeiros caninos e humanos, encontra-se em expansão no Estado de São Paulo. Na vigilância epidemiológica dessas endemias, torna-se fundamental o conhecimento da distribuição e ecologia das diferentes espécies de flebotomíneos. Assim, a divulgação de novos registros de seus vetores é fundamental para apontar novas áreas de risco para a transmissão dessas doenças. Neste estudo, realizaram-se capturas de flebotomíneos em ambiente de mata, em diferentes localidades dos municípios de Ipeúna, Itirapina e Analândia, entre agosto e setembro de 2007. Foram capturados 248 flebotomíneos de nove espécies diferentes, em Ipeúna, seis e sete espécimes de duas espécies distintas coletados respectivamente em Itirapina e Analândia. A espécie mais abundante em Ipeúna foi Pintomyia pessoai (37,5%), seguida de P. fischeri (33,06%) e Migonemyia migonei (16,53%). Essas três espécies são consideradas importantes vetores de LTA no território paulista. O registro de Lutzomyia longipalpis pela primeira vez em Ipeúna e Analândia e a confirmação de sua presença em Itirapina indicam risco de essabelecimento da LVA na área e a necessidade de mais estudos locais sobre sua ecologia, sobretudo em relação à ocupação de ambientes antrópicos.