Inquérito clinico-nutricional e antropométrico, em áreas endêmicas de esquistossomose mansônica no nordeste do Brasil

Os autores apresentam, os resultados de um inquérito clínico-nutricional e antropométrico realizado no período 1965 a 1967, em 11.283 indivíduos residentes nas zonas rural e urbana de três Estados do nordeste brasileiro (Alagcas, Rio Grande do Norte e Pernambuco), com o objetivo de estudar o estado nutricional de populações residentes em áreas endêmicas de Esquistossomose mansônica. Chamam a atenção para a freqüência relativamente baixa de manifestações clínicas de doenças carenciais, apesar de tratar-se de região cujos baixos padrões sociais e econômicos são bastante conhecidos, sugerindo que a maioria dos indivíduos deve apresentar deficiência nutricional apenas a nível bioquímico. Dentre os sinais de doença, carencial pesquisados, foram registrados com maior freqüência: estomatite angular, cicatrizes das comissuras labiais, atrofia das papilas linguais, gengivite, dermatite seborreica naso-labial e dermatite pelagrosa. De um modo geral, as manifestações clínicas de doença carencial pareciam incidir com maior freqüência entre os indivíduos parasitados pelo S. mansoni. embora não tenham sido encontrados resultados estatisticamente significativos. Os níveis de hemoglobina, pesquisados apenas em população rural do Estado de Pernambuco (Município de São Lourenço), foram muito baixos, não havendo, contudo, diferença estatisticamente significante entre crianças exibindo manifestações clínicas de carência duplamente parasitadas, e aquelas apenas portadoras de esquistossomose. Estudo antropométrico sumário, realizado no grupo etárío de 1 a 12 anos. e baseado na tomada de pese e altura, não revelou diferença estatisticamente significativa, entre crianças exibindo ou não doença carencial, e/ou ccm e sem Esquistossomose, contrariando achados de outros autores, e para cuja explicação pode ser invocado o pequeno número de formas graves (hepato-esplênicas) encontradas no campo, nesse grupo de idade. Os resultados do presente trabalho, por tratar-se de estudo preliminar, não permitem inferir conclusões definitivas, perém reforçam a suposição do provável papel desempenhado pela desnutrição na evolução da Esquistossomose mansônica, sugerindo a necessidade de continuação desses estudos, para uma melhor compreensão dos aspectos nutricionais das relações hospedeiro-parasito, nessa helmintose.

Deformação plástica severa por ECAP de ligas com memória de forma

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Materiais

Three essays on the term structure of interest rates

A PhD Dissertation, presented as part of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the NOVA - School of Business and Economics

Reologia de fluidos complexos

Dissertação efectuada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Materiais

Analisador de dispersão de energia

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Física

Monitoring antibiotics in the environment. Study of Quinoxaline derivatives bioactivity

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Química Sustentável

Prevalence and incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in nursing students in Vitória, Espírito Santo

This prospective study evaluated the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among nursing students at the Federal University of Espírito Santo, using the purified protein derivative test. In parallel, we evaluated whether knowledge on tuberculosis transmission mechanisms had any impact on nursing students' attitudes in relation to the risk of tuberculosis infection. The incidence of tuberculin conversion was 10.5% per year (p=0.035, 95% CI = 3.63-17.43), whereas the expected conversion rate in the overall population in Brazil is 0.5% per year. These results indicate nursing students as a group at risk for TB infection. Among the risk factors studied only the use of NIOSH95 masks was associated with protection against infection (RR=0.2). Furthermore there was no statistical difference among students that PPD converted and those who remained negative regarding disease knowledge and the existence of adequate facilities for patient hospitalization. Our data reinforces the need for implementing special biosafety programs targeting this professional group.

The secretory immunoglobulin A response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a childhood population

We report on the measurement of saliva anti-Purified Protein Derivative sIgA and 38kDa antibodies from 127 children, of whom 31 were strong tuberculosis suspects and 96 were healthy contact children. The results concerning the percentage of children with antibody reactivity to PPD and 38kDa antigens showed that, of these 2 antigens, 38kDa induced higher reactivity in patients positive and negative for the Tuberculin Skin Test (28% and 16.6%, respectively) in comparison to controls positive and negative for the TST (11.7% and 7.1%, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference between patients positive and controls negative for the TST. In relation to the Purified Protein Derivative antigen, while 14.2% of patients positive for the TST showed antibody reactivity to the PPD antigen, no patients negative for the TST had reactivity to this antigen. The findings suggest that these two antigens seem be associated with a different development of the mucosal defence mechanisms mediated by sIgA against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Nosocomial Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission among healthcare students in a high incidence region, in Vitória, State of Espírito Santo

This open comparative study for evaluating hypersensitivity to tuberculin among medical students (n=441), nursing students (n=178) and economics students (n=230) in Vitória, State of Espírito Santo, had the aim of assessing whether the prevalence of positive tuberculin tests among healthcare students could be used as a sentinel event for nosocomial transmission in localities with high endemicity. There was a significant change in the frequency of purified protein derivative reactivity in the nursing students (20. 3%) and medical students (18. 4%), in comparison with the economics students (6%) (p <0. 001). As expected, the medical and nursing students had more knowledge about tuberculosis than did the economics students (p <0. 001). Our data suggest that the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among nursing and medical students in our region, which has high endemicity of tuberculosis, does not differ from what is found in low-incidence countries. These data reinforce the need for implementing biosafety programs for this target population.

UAV - based imagery processing using structure from motion and remote sensing technology

With the recent advances in technology and miniaturization of devices such as GPS or IMU, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles became a feasible platform for a Remote Sensing applications. The use of UAVs compared to the conventional aerial platforms provides a set of advantages such as higher spatial resolution of the derived products. UAV - based imagery obtained by a user grade cameras introduces a set of problems which have to be solved, e. g. rotational or angular differences or unknown or insufficiently precise IO and EO camera parameters. In this work, UAV - based imagery of RGB and CIR type was processed using two different workflows based on PhotoScan and VisualSfM software solutions resulting in the DSM and orthophoto products. Feature detection and matching parameters influence on the result quality as well as a processing time was examined and the optimal parameter setup was presented. Products of the both workflows were compared in terms of a quality and a spatial accuracy. Both workflows were compared by presenting the processing times and quality of the results. Finally, the obtained products were used in order to demonstrate vegetation classification. Contribution of the IHS transformations was examined with respect to the classification accuracy.

Monitoramento da suscetibilidade de populações de Triatoma sordida Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) ao inseticida deltametrina, na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil

INTRODUÇÃO: Populações de Triatoma sordida Stål, 1859 foram investigadas quanto à suscetibilidade à deltametrina. MÉTODOS: Análise por meio de bioensaios por aplicação tópica em 11 populações de T. sordida procedentes dos Estados de Goiás, Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul. RESULTADOS: As estimativas de DL50 e RR50 demonstraram elevados níveis de suscetibilidade (DL50 < 1 e RR50 < 2). Entretanto, as análises do coeficiente angular da curva dose resposta revelaram que as populações de triatomíneos dos municípios de Firminópolis/GO, Posse/GO, Poxoréu/MT, Douradina/MS e Aparecida do Taboado/MS apresentam maiores probabilidades de evolução de resistência, portanto, mais propícias a tolerar o tratamento com deltametrina. CONCLUSÕES: Detectaram-se pequenas alterações de suscetibilidade e baixos níveis de resistência, porém as alterações temporais de suscetibilidade deverão ser continuamente monitoradas, a fim de nortear adequadamente as ações de controle dos vetores da DC.

Abnormal spontaneous interleukin 8 receptor expression: a brief report of two cases

Interleukin 8 (CXCL8) is an autocrine chemokine specific for the chemoattraction and activation of granulocytes, NKT cells and T lymphocytes. Patients with tuberculosis and latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection were assessed for the spontaneous expression of CXCR1 (CD128) and CXCR2 on lymphocytes and monocytes. Compared with ex vivo profiles, increased spontaneous CXCR2 expression and normal CXCR1 expression were found on lymphocytes in two out of 59 individuals. Monocytes showed normal ex vivo profiles for both receptors. After stimulation with purified protein derivative, the in vitro levels of CXCL8 were below the median levels of all patients with prior tuberculosis. Spontaneous CXCR2 modulation did not cause notable variation in the in vitro levels of CXCL8.

Isokinetic assessment of the flexor-extensor balance of the knee in athletes with total rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament

The purpose of this study was to assess the flexor-extensor group of muscles of the knee in young athletes diagnosed with a total rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Eighteen knees of 18 athletes (14 men and 4 women) with an average age of 21.6 years (range 16-32 years) were assessed with a Cybex 6000 model isokinetic apparatus. The average interval between occurrence of the injury and assessment was 10.2 months (range 2 - 48 months). There was an associated meniscal injury in eight of the knees. Athletes with any other kind of associated injury, limitation, or blockage of the movement of the joint, significant pain during the exam, or interval between injury and exam of less than two months were excluded from the study. The parameters studied were the peak torque-velocity and flexor-extensor relationships at the constant angular velocities of 60°/sec and 240°/sec. Previous warming-up was done by means of an ergometric bicycle and adaptation with 3 submaximal repetitions. The contra-lateral side, which presented no injury, was used as control. Peak torque (PT) at the constant velocity of 60°/sec was greater than that at 240°/sec for knees with and without injuries. However, there was no significant difference between the injured and uninjured sides at 60°/sec or at 240°/sec. The average value for the flexor-extensor relationship at 60°/sec on the injured was 60% (( 6), compared to 57% (( 10) on the contra-lateral side. At 240°/sec, the average value was 75% ((10) on the injured side, and 65% ((12) on the contra-lateral side. In conclusion, despite the complete rupture of the ACL of one knee, the average values for the flexor-extensor relationship were similar on the injured and uninjured sides at the velocity of 60°/sec. As the velocity increased, an increase in the values for the flexor-extensor relationship of the knee also occurred, indicating a tendency of the performance of the flexor muscle group to approach that of the extensor muscle group, and this tendency was more pronounced on the side of the injury.

Isokinetic assessment of knee flexor/extensor muscular strength in elderly women

OBJECTIVE: To assess knee flexor-extensor muscular strength in elderly women with no previous history of musculoskeletal disorders on the lower limbs using an isokinetic dynamometer, in order to obtain data that could be used as a comparative parameter in the evaluation of elderly women with knee disorders, thus facilitating a better rehabilitation of these patients. METHODS: Twenty-six volunteers aged 75 to 83 years were studied using a Cybex® 6000 isokinetic dynamometer. The chosen angular velocity was 60 º/s, and concentric exercise was used for either flexion or extension. The studied parameters were: peak torque, angle of peak torque, and flexor-extensor torque rate. RESULTS: There were no differences between dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) knee peak torque values. This was true for both flexor (D = 42.46 ± 9.09 Nm / ND = 40.65 ± 9.38 Nm) and extensor (D = 76.92 ± 13.97 Nm / ND = 77.65 ± 15.21 Nm) movements. The descriptive statistical analysis of the values obtained for the flexor-extensor peak torque rate and for the angle of occurrence of peak torque was the same for the dominant and nondominant sides. CONCLUSIONS: The values of peak torque for the contralateral side can be used as a reference during rehabilitation of elderly women with acute disease of the knee, and the angular velocity of 60 º/s is proper and safe for isokinetic assessment of elderly people.

Novos fluídos electroreológicos. Nanofibras de Polianilina dopadas com ácido canforsulfónico

A existência de um Efeito Electroreológico (ER) constata-se quando se verifica uma variação acentuada das propriedades reológicas induzidas pelas presença de um campo electrico numa amostra. Este fenómeno é tipico mas não exclusivamente observado em suspensões de particulas polarizáveis. Neste trabalho levou-se a cabo o estudo do efeito electroreológico de uma suspensão, em óleo de silicone, de nanofibras de polianilina (PANI) dopadas com ácido canforsulfónico (CSA). Foram preparadas soluções poliméricas com diferentes concentrações de nanofibras (1 e 2 % p/p) em dois óleos de silicone de diferentes viscosidades, 20 e 50 cSt. O estudo das propriedades electroreológicas foi efectuado tanto em regime estacionário, com a taxa de corte a variar entre 0.01 e 1000 s-1, como em regime oscilatório, com a frequência angular a variar entre 0.1 e 20 Hz, ambos na presença de campos eléctricos com intensidades até 2kV.mm-1 e à temperatura ambiente. As suspensões de nanofibras de polianilina dopadas com ácido canforsulfónico dispersas em óleo de silicone apresentam um efeito electroreológico intenso, visivel através de um aumento superior a 2 décadas no valor da viscosidade para baixas taxas de corte e valores elevados de campo eléctrico, demonstrando assim a sua potencialidade como material inteligente .