Análise sintagmática aplicada ao processo de sumarização automática de documentos do português brasileiro

This research studies the application of syntagmatic analysis of written texts in the language of Brazilian Portuguese as a methodology for the automatic creation of extractive summaries. The automation of abstracts, while linked to the area of natural language processing (PLN) is studying ways the computer can autonomously construct summaries of texts. For this we use as presupposed the idea that switch to the computer the way a language is structured, in our case the Brazilian Portuguese, it will help in the discovery of the most relevant sentences, and consequently build extractive summaries with higher informativeness. In this study, we propose the definition of a summarization method that automatically perform the syntagmatic analysis of texts and through them, to build an automatic summary. The phrases that make up the syntactic structures are then used to analyze the sentences of the text, so the count of these elements determines whether or not a sentence will compose the summary to be generated

Técnica para segmentação automática de imagens microscópicas de componentes sanguíneos e classificação diferencial de leucócitos baseada em lógica fuzzy

Automatic detection of blood components is an important topic in the field of hematology. The segmentation is an important stage because it allows components to be grouped into common areas and processed separately and leukocyte differential classification enables them to be analyzed separately. With the auto-segmentation and differential classification, this work is contributing to the analysis process of blood components by providing tools that reduce the manual labor and increasing its accuracy and efficiency. Using techniques of digital image processing associated with a generic and automatic fuzzy approach, this work proposes two Fuzzy Inference Systems, defined as I and II, for autosegmentation of blood components and leukocyte differential classification, respectively, in microscopic images smears. Using the Fuzzy Inference System I, the proposed technique performs the segmentation of the image in four regions: the leukocyte’s nucleus and cytoplasm, erythrocyte and plasma area and using the Fuzzy Inference System II and the segmented leukocyte (nucleus and cytoplasm) classify them differentially in five types: basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. Were used for testing 530 images containing microscopic samples of blood smears with different methods. The images were processed and its accuracy indices and Gold Standards were calculated and compared with the manual results and other results found at literature for the same problems. Regarding segmentation, a technique developed showed percentages of accuracy of 97.31% for leukocytes, 95.39% to erythrocytes and 95.06% for blood plasma. As for the differential classification, the percentage varied between 92.98% and 98.39% for the different leukocyte types. In addition to promoting auto-segmentation and differential classification, the proposed technique also contributes to the definition of new descriptors and the construction of an image database using various processes hematological staining

Ativismo Vegano em Natal: uma etnografia de mobilização política, alimentação ética e identidades

This research has vegan groups in the city of Natal-RN as interlocutors, although I also report to other research contexts, such as those located in the cities of Recife (Pernambuco State) and Campina Grande (Paraíba State). Moved by ethical principles based on animal rights, vegans refuse to consume any product with animal origin. To the extent that consumption habits can be considered powerful elements of identification, the relationship between consumption, food, identity, and politics is an important analytical key in the development of this work. As my main theoretical question, I follow the ways by which the vegan discourse (of abolitionist character) takes shape and materializes into actions, demonstrations and political mobilization. Therefore, I aim to present an ethnography of activities performed collectively by these individuals, such as those of a more ludic character (picnics, etc.) as well as those more politically oriented, especially protests and demonstrations in public places.

Promoção da alimentação saudável na atenção primária à saúde: contribuição para construção coletiva do saber-fazer

The recognition of the food as determinant and health-disease process etching requires new explanations and interventions of the food and nutrition policy action and demand health care model based on the completeness of the actions and focused on health promotion. This study, characterized as research-action of interventionist character, sought to develop strategies to support the transverse insertion of healthy eating promotion in professionals practices a core of support for the health of the family and a family health strategy Unit in the city of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, from the analysis of perceptions and work processes of these teams. Several methodological strategies were adopted: Dialectical Hermeneutical Circle, direct observation, reflective and Thematic Meetings Workshop "Rethinking the educational practices for promoting healthy eating". For data logging, search diaries - SD were used and moments. The analysis of procedural form occurred in conjunction with research participants, in constant movement of reflection-action-reflection, based on hermeneutics-dialectic. About the results, in relation to the promotion of health, showed the following insights: health promotion and disease prevention-related harms; health promotion related to quality of life and well-being, in its various dimensions; health promotion as a responsibility of the State; health promotion related to the actions of health education; health promotion as an expression of efficaciousness and accessibility to health services. Regarding healthy nutrition, predominated the perceptions relating to nutritional aspects. With regard to food and nutritional education - FNE, it was observed a predominance of perception of FNE as information, guidance and knowledge transfer for changes of dietary practices. As regards the working process, it was observed that among the actions for health promotion, educational activities predominate, such as lectures, conversations, groups that mostly occur in fragmentary form, without joint planning teams, varying according to the professionals and the moment of work in which they are carried out. The results pointed to the need for reorganization of the work processes, in the context of intra-and intersectoral coordination and the construction of new technologies, such as: Health project of the territory – HPT, Unique Therapeutic Project- UPT, Expanded Clinic and educational practices, Shared with active teaching and learning methodologies. From the results we believe that it is necessary to "thought reform", from changes in vocational training and strengthening of the permanent education spaces, whereas the complexity that involves feeding, food and nutrition education and health promotion. The reformation of thought must be articulate and closely tied to the production of knowledge and practices that encourage intersectoral approach, the transversality, dialogue and democratic and supportive attitude, based on the collective construction of know-how. We hope that this study can contribute with reflections and initiatives that encourage building practices that promote healthy eating in primary health care, in terms of completeness of the care and the attainment of food security and nutrition.

Riscos à saúde dos trabalhadores em unidade de alimentação e nutrição de um Hospital Universitário

The Food and Nutrition Units (FNU) are designed to produce food for healthy and/or sick communities and need to be done in a way to ensure the quality of foodstuffs that were produced. In these units, in the working environment, in general, there is excessive noise, heat and physical condition with many adaptations, presence of obstacles, inadequate flows, as well as the ways of the working organization may represent risks for workers health and lead to errors during production and/or distribution of food. The main goal of this study was to analyse the working processes in the Food Production Unit of the university’s hospital and identify the workers' health risk factors, using for this the knowledge of ergonomics, specifically the method of Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA). After this analysis it was possible to develop proposals that will bring improvements to the working conditions, minimizing health risk factors during the process of meals production. It’s crucial to reassert this method considers the work activity performed in real time and highlights the importance of listening and the engagement of the workers in the changing process. It is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. In the field research were collected demographics data, employment characteristics of the individuals (age, education, stocking sector, the total length of service and length of service in the industry) and data related to their usual work (task analysis, activity analysis and Analysis of the working environment) in the FNU. The instruments that were used in this study were document analysis, global and systematic observations and semi structured interviews in order to identify the main complaints related to those activities developed by them. The study was based on data for the analysis of Bardin, 2011, so the documents have been selected and including those that treat issues related to risks to workers' health were selected. The result of semi-structured interviews, global and systematic observations took place a confrontation of this material to the theoretical framework, held the inference and the interpretation of results the light of the knowledge of ergonomics and legislation. Issues related to the risks and the perception of workers has crafted a table showing the frequency of responses to the physical, chemical and biological and even the risk of accidents and was made a descriptive analysis. The results of this analysis indicated that the unit in question presents several problems ambience of jobs, both in terms of physical structure, but also in the organization of work. Non-conformities that leads to a favourable environment to the development of disease and injury hazards and compromising the quality of food produced. It is necessary to comply with legislation and that short, medium and long-term measures are taken to ensure the physical integrity of workers and improve the working environment.

Avaliação da efetividade do Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador

This study analyzed the Worker’s Healthy Eating Program in Rio Grande do Norte state (RN) to assess its possible impact on the nutritional status of the workers benefitted. To that end, we conducted a cross-sectional observational prospective study based on a multistage stratified random sample comparing 26 small and medium-sized companies from the Manufacturing Sector (textiles, food and beverages, and nonmetallic minerals) of RN, divided into two equal groups (WFP and Non WFP). Interviews were conducted at each company by trained interviewers from Tuesday to Saturday between September and December 2014. Data were collected on the company (characterization and information regarding the program’s desired results) and workers (personal and professional information, anthropometrics, health, lifestyle and food consumed the previous day). Population estimates were calculated for RN on the characteristics of workers and the study variables. The main variable was BMI. The secondary variables were waist circumference (WC), nutritional diagnosis, calorie intake, blood pressure, metabolic variables and lifestyle indicators. The statistical method used was hierarchical mixed effects linear regression for interval variables and hierarchical mixed effects logistic regression for binary variables. The variables measured in ordinal scales were analyzed by ordinal logistic regression adjusted for correlated variables, adopting robust standard errors. The results for interval variables are presented as point estimates and their 95% confidence intervals; and as odds-ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for binary variables. The Fisher’s exact and Student’s t-tests were used for simple comparisons between proportions and means, respectively. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. A total of 1069 workers were interviewed, of which 541 were from the WFP group and 528 from the Non WFP group. Subjects were predominantly males and average age was 34.5 years. Significant intergroup differences were observed for schooling level, income above 1 MW (minimum wage) and specific training for their position at the company. The results indicated a significant difference between the BMI of workers benefitted, which was on average 0.989 kg/m2 higher than the BMI of workers from the Non WFP group (p=0.002); and between the WC, with the waist circumference of WFP group workers an average of 1.528 cm larger (p<0.05). Higher prevalence of overweight and obesity (p<0.001) and cardiovascular risk (p=0.038) were recorded in the WFP group. Tests on the possible effect of the WFP on health (blood pressure and metabolic indicators) and lifestyle indicators (smoking, alcohol consumption and exercise) were not significant. With respect to worker’s diets, differences were significant for consumption of saturated fat (lunch and daily intake), salt (lunch, other meals and daily intake) and proteins (other meals and daily intake), with higher consumption of these nutrients in the WFP group. The study showed a possible positive impact of the WFP on nutritional status (BMI and WC) among the workers benefitted. No possible effects of the program were observed for the lifestyle indicators studied. Workers benefitted consumed less salt, saturated fat and protein. The relevance of the WFP is recognized for this portion of society and it is understood that, if the program can reach and impact those involved, the development of educational initiatives aimed at nutritional and food safety may also exert a positive influence.

Ética da alimentação: porque devemos, segundo Kant, escolher uma alimentação adequada e saudável

This thesis proposes the adoption of a practical and philosophic approach to the discussion about what should be a healthy food, in view of the actual problems concerning this subject (from famine to obesity), which affect food and nutritional security and constitute target of many official policies. In order to handle this task, this work resorts to ethic, pedagogical and anthropological concepts inherent to Immanuel Kant’s philosophy, as valuable contributions to the practice of the professional nutritionist committed to the support and accomplishment of the human right to adequate nutrition (DHAA). Under this assumption, it intends to surpass the prevailing idea inside the social programs and policies favoring the utilitarian argument. It considers rather that a healthy food is also a duty of virtue, according to the Kantian duties to one-self. The liberation of transgenic seeds in Brazil comes up as an example of the violation of the right to food security and affects it negatively, resulting from the conflict between politics and moral faced by the Brazilian government. This paper concludes that DHAA realization requires not only a committed state, but also committed citizens and suggests that Kant’s philosophy should offer important contributions to supporting the practice of the professional nutritionist, awarding him the necessary information about this matter.

Ética da alimentação: porque devemos, segundo Kant, escolher uma alimentação adequada e saudável

This thesis proposes the adoption of a practical and philosophic approach to the discussion about what should be a healthy food, in view of the actual problems concerning this subject (from famine to obesity), which affect food and nutritional security and constitute target of many official policies. In order to handle this task, this work resorts to ethic, pedagogical and anthropological concepts inherent to Immanuel Kant’s philosophy, as valuable contributions to the practice of the professional nutritionist committed to the support and accomplishment of the human right to adequate nutrition (DHAA). Under this assumption, it intends to surpass the prevailing idea inside the social programs and policies favoring the utilitarian argument. It considers rather that a healthy food is also a duty of virtue, according to the Kantian duties to one-self. The liberation of transgenic seeds in Brazil comes up as an example of the violation of the right to food security and affects it negatively, resulting from the conflict between politics and moral faced by the Brazilian government. This paper concludes that DHAA realization requires not only a committed state, but also committed citizens and suggests that Kant’s philosophy should offer important contributions to supporting the practice of the professional nutritionist, awarding him the necessary information about this matter.

Herramienta para la extracción automática de metadatos en vídeos de dispositivos móviles

Actualmente el número de cámaras fotográficas en dispositivos móviles crece a un ritmo imparable. Asimismo la calidad y prestaciones de las mismas hacen que sean de uso común, desbancando poco a poco a las Cámaras fotográficas digitales. Este escenario produce que el análisis forense de este tipo de vídeos cobre especial importancia y sea necesario y útil en multitud de situaciones (pruebas en casos judiciales, espionaje industrial, privación de la libertad de prensa, pederastia, etc). En este trabajo se ha desarrollado una herramienta de ayuda al analista forense en el proceso de análisis de los metadatos de vídeos en formato MP4 con compresión H.264 y ACC. La herramienta permite diversas funciones complejas como son los distintos tipos de consultas avanzadas sobre la información de los metadatos de grandes conjuntos de vídeos o funciones de geoposicionamiento.

Extracción automática de nexos léxicos

Programa de doctorado: Simulación numérica en Ciencias y Tecnología

Atenção automática para faces de compaixão no auto-criticismo

O auto-criticismo é um traço de personalidade preditor de psicopatologia. Sabe-se que indivíduos com elevado auto-criticismo tendem a processar a compaixão como um estímulo ameaçador. Apesar destes dados, a literatura é escassa no que se refere à forma como os indivíduos com elevado auto-criticismo reagem perante emoções complexas, como o criticismo e a compaixão. Desta forma, no presente estudo foram utilizadas faces de compaixão, criticismo e neutras como estímulos distratores, em que o estímulo relevante consistiu na identificação de uma letra num conjunto delas. Os resultados mostraram que as pessoas com elevado auto-criticismo tenderam a errar mais e a ter maiores tempos de resposta na tarefa principal quando o estímulo distrator foi uma face de compaixão. Estes dados sugerem que a atenção automática de indivíduos com elevado auto-criticismo pode ser afetada perante estímulos faciais de compaixão.

Mineração de Textos: Detecção automática de sentimentos em comentários nas mídias sociais

Avanços recentes nas técnicas de análise automática de documentos, possibilitaram o reconhecimento de aspectos subjetivos. Dentre algumas tarefas da análise de sentimentos, destaca-se a classificação da polaridade do texto, ou seja, o quão negativa ou positiva são as opiniões expressadas nele. Contudo, por ser uma área ainda em desenvolvimento, métodos criados para estas análises, na maioria, são para língua inglesa, o que dificulta sua utilização em textos escritos em português. Assim, esse trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo e a implementação de uma ferramenta que, conterá um algoritmo de classificação de sentimentos, sendo ele capaz de avaliar a polaridade de textos extraídos de mídias sociais, baseando-se em técnicas da mineração de textos. 

Anotação Semântica Automática do Currículo Lattes Utilizando Linked Open Data

A Internet possui inúmeros tipos de documentos e é uma influente fonte de informação.O conteúdo Web é projetado para os seres humanos interpretarem e não para as máquinas.Os sistemas de busca tradicionais são imprecisos na recuperação de informações. Ogoverno utiliza e disponibiliza documentos na Web para que os cidadãos e seus própriossetores organizacionais os utilizem, porém carece de ferramentas que apoiem na tarefa darecuperação desses documentos. Como exemplo, podemos citar a Plataforma de CurrículosLattes administrada pelo Cnpq.A Web semântica possui a finalidade de otimizar a recuperação dos documentos, ondeesses recebem significados, permitindo que tanto as pessoas quanto as máquinas possamcompreender o significado de uma informação. A falta de semântica em nossos documentos,resultam em pesquisas ineficazes, com informações divergentes e ambíguas. Aanotação semântica é o caminho para promover a semântica em documentos.O objetivo da dissertação é montar um arcabouço com os conceitos da Web Semânticaque possibilite anotar automaticamente o Currículo Lattes por meio de bases de dadosabertas (Linked Open Data), as quais armazenam o significado de termos e expressões.O problema da pesquisa está baseado em saber quais são os conceitos associados à WebSemântica que podem contribuir para a Anotação Semântica Automática do CurrículoLattes utilizando o Linked Open Data (LOD)?Na Revisão Sistemática da Literatura foi apresentado conceitos (anotação manual, automática,semi-automática, anotação intrusiva...), ferramentas (Extrator de Entidade...)e tecnologias (RDF, RDFa, SPARQL..) relativas ao tema. A aplicação desses conceitosoportunizou a criação do Sistema Lattes Web Semântico. O sistema possibilita a importaçãodo currículo XML da Plataforma Lattes, efetua a anotação automática dos dadosdisponibilizados utilizando as bases de dados abertas e possibilita efetuar consultas semânticas.A validação do sistema é realizada com a apresentação de currículos anotados e a realizaçãode consultas utilizando dados externos pertencentes ao LOD. Por fim é apresentado asconclusões, dificuldades encontradas e proposta de trabalhos futuros.

Escola de verão: Exercício/Alimentação e Saúde para crianças dos 6 aos 12 anos de idade.

Introdução: A obesidade infantil é, atualmente, a doença nutricional pediátrica mais prevalente a nível mundial. Vários factores podem contribuir para o aparecimento desta patologia, contudo, são os de natureza ambiental, nomeadamente, o comportamento alimentar e o exercício físico, os que exercem maior influência na magnitude da expressão clínica da doença. Neste quadro, teve lugar em Coimbra, durante a última quinzena de Junho de 2014 a "Escola de Verão: Exercício, Alimentação e Saúde", a qual envolveu uma equipa multidisciplinar constituída por nutricionistas, enfermeiros, médicos e profissionais de educação física. Este campo de férias teve como objetivos: incutir estilos de vida saudáveis, baseados numa alimentação equilibrada e na prática regular de exercício físico, por forma a prevenir e/ou tratar a obesidade infantil; diminuir o sedentarismo inerente à época de férias; e, envolver os pais/familiares por forma a conseguir mudar comportamentos de forma efetiva. Metodologia: Participaram na Escola de Verão 36 crianças, as quais foram envolvidas em diversas atividades focadas na promoção de um estilo de vida saudável (alimentação equilibrada, exercício físico e promoção da saúde). Foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas (peso e estatura) e da composição corporal, usando um estadiómetro e uma balança de bioimpedância. Determinou-se o índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), utilizando as curvas de crescimento da OMS para classificar o estado nutricional. A pressão arterial foi avaliada segundo as recomendações da Sociedade Europeia de Hipertensão (ESH) de 2009. Resultados: As 36 crianças tinham uma média de idade de 8 anos (Desvio-Padrão (DP) =1 ano), 52,8% eram do sexo feminino e 47,2% do sexo masculino. No início do campo de férias, 45,7% (n=16) tinham excesso de peso, sendo que destas 34,3% (n=12) eram obesas. No que se refere ao IMC no final houve uma diminuição com significado estatístico (p<0,041) relativamente ao IMC Inicial. Não se verificaram alterações com significado estatístico no que se refere à massa gorda. Conclusões: Ao longo desta quinzena educativa, as crianças, no quadro das respetivas famílias, melhoraram os seus hábitos alimentares e tomaram consciência da relevância da atividade física na prevenção da obesidade e promoção da saúde. Programas deste tipo podem resultar numa abordagem eficaz na prevenção e tratamento da obesidade infantil.