Biokerosene from coconut, babassu, camelina and palm kernel oils: production and properties of their blends with fossil kerosene

On December 20th 2006 the European Commission approved a law proposal to include the civil aviation sector in the European market of carbon dioxide emission rights [European Union Emissions Trading System, EUETS). On July 8th 2009, the European Parliament and Conseil agreed that all flights leaving or landing in the EU airports starting from January 1st 2012 should be included in the EUETS. On November 19th 2008, the EU Directive 2008/101/CE [1] included the civil aviation activities in the EUETS, and this directive was transposed by the Spanish law 13/2010 of July 5th 2010 [2]. Thus, in 2012 the aviation sector should reduce their emissions to 97 % of the mean values registered in the period 2004-2006, and for 2013 these emission reductions should reach 95 % of the mean values for that same period. Trying to face this situation, the aviation companies are planning seriously the use of alternative jet fuels to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and to lower their costs. However, some US airlines have issued a lawsuit before the European Court of Justice based in that this EU action violates a long standing worldwide aviation treaty, the Chicago convention of 1944, and also the Chinese aviation companies have rejected to pay any EU carbon dioxide tax [3]. Moreover, the USA Departments of Agriculture and Energy and the Navy will invest a total of up to $150 million over three years to spur production of aviation and marine biofuels for commercial and military applications [4]. However, the jet fuels should fulfill a set of extraordinarily sensitive properties to guarantee the safety of planes and passengers during all the flights.

Vista de Valencia tomada del lugar de Burjasot [Material gráfico] =Vue de Valence prise du village de Burjasot = View of Valencia taken from the village of Burjasot

Resumen: Descripción: vista de la ciudad de Valencia desde Burjassot

Vista de la Alameda, paseo de Valencia [Material gráfico] =Vue de la Alameda de Valence=View of the Alameda, apublic coalk at Valencia

Datos de publicación tomados de la obra a la que pertenece

Vista de Valencia tomada de la entrada de la Alameda [Material gráfico] =Vue de Valence prise de l'entrée de l'Alameda = View of Valencia taken from the entrance of the Valencia

Estampado junto a "Vista de Valencia tomada del camino que conduce al Grao"

Vista general de Sn. Felipe [Material gráfico] = Vue genérale de St. Philippe = General view of St. Philip

Resumen: Descripción: vista general de la ciudad de San Felipe, Xátiva desde las afueras

Vista de Porta Coeli tomada del interior del Monte [Material gráfico] =Vue de Porta Coeli prise de l'interieur du bois = View of Porta Coeli taken from the interior of the wood

Resumen: Descripción: vista de Portaceli desde el monte muy frondoso. La Cartuja se deduce en segundo término

Vista general de Alicante [Material gráfico] =Vue genérale d'Alicante = General view of Alicante

Resumen: Descripción: vista de la bahia de la ciudad de Alicante, en segundo término la ciudad y el castillo

Vista de Montesa [Material gráfico] = Vue de Montesa = View of Montesa

Resumen: Descripción: vista de Montesa desde las afueras observándose: el pueblo y las ruinas del Castillo

Vista de Porta Coeli tomada de los aqueductos [Material gráfico] = Vue de Porta Coeli prise des aquéducs = View of Porta Coeli taken from the aqueducts

Datos de publicación tomados de la obra a la que pertenece

Detalles pitorescos [sic] del Aqueductode Chelves [Material gráfico] = Details pittoresques de l'Aqueduc de Chelves = Picturesque details of the Aqueduct of Chelves

Estampado junto a: "Detalles pitorescos del Aqueducto de Chelves"

Francesc Renart i Arús (1783-1853) i els orígens del teatre català vuitcentista

Estudi sobre l'obra dramàtica de Francesc Renart, inventari i inicis del sainet costumista català del Vuit-cents.