Evaluación del comportamiento productivo de clones de Juglans sp. para la obtención de madera de calidad

Cada vez es mayor el interés por las plantaciones de frondosas con fines de producción de madera de calidad, debido principalmente a la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas productivas de mayor rentabilidad. El nogal figura entre las especies más plantadas en los últimos años en España con este fin. En el presente trabajo se evalúa el comportamiento en parcela de 6 materiales clonales de nogal, 5 de Juglans regia y 1 híbrido, seleccionados fundamentalmente por su vigor y aptitud forestal. Cuatro de estos materiales son selecciones IRTA (‘MBT-122’, ‘IRTA R-230’, ‘IRTA R-6’, ‘IRTA X-80’) y los dos restantes son materiales franceses que actúan como referencias (‘RG-2’, ‘Franquette’). En 2005 se estableció la plantación a partir de material multiplicado in vitro, con un diseño en bloques completos al azar (3 repeticiones, 6 tratamientos, 5 observaciones por tratamiento). Desde entonces, se está realizando un seguimiento individualizado del crecimiento y conformación de los árboles, así como de su fenología y de las intervenciones de poda realizadas. El objetivo principal de este ensayo es evaluar el potencial de estos clones para la obtención de madera de calidad en plantaciones en terrenos agrícolas. Los primeros datos registrados arrojan unos crecimientos medios anuales superiores a 1 centímetro en diámetro normal y en torno a los 70 centímetros en altura, valores algo inferiores a los de las progenies de híbridos comerciales. En esta primera etapa de desarrollo no se detectan diferencias significativas en el comportamiento vegetativo de los diferentes clones, observándose una fuerte dependencia de las condiciones de partida del material vegetal. Por lo que respecta a la conformación forestal se observa un comportamiento característico de los clones en alguna de las variables analizadas.

Spirura delicata sp. n. (Spiruridae, Spirurinae) from Leontocebus mystax (Callithrichidae) and a check list of other Nematodes of some brazilian primates

Spirura delicata sp. n. from Leontocebus mystax (Six) is proposed and compared to S. guianensis (Ortlepp, 1924) Chitwood, 1938, S. michiganensis Sandground, 1935 and S. nayarani Mirza & Basir, 1938. Their differentiation is based mainly on the size and shape of spicules. Identification of nematode samples recovered from primates along 60 years and presently deposited in the Oswaldo Cruz Helmintological Collection is provided herein through a check list. Some of them are reported in new hsots and/or geographical regions.

Dispersive flight and house invasion by Triatoma guasayana and Triatoma sordida in Argentina

Flight activity and invasion of houses by Triatoma sordida and T. guasayana were studied in the Province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Spontaneous findings of both species in houses were recorded from 1982 to 1989. Light trap collections were performed in 1982, 1983 and 1984, at the woods surrounding the settlements of Amamá (43 houses) and Trinidad (19 houses). Most of the 101 triatomines collected, were unfed and negative for Trypanosoma cruzi. T. guasayana predominated over T. sordida, and both appeared on the lighted screens between 19-31 min (mean 24) after dusk and the catch time was 30-45 min. Although entomological evaluation of 41 houses at Amamá performed in September 1985, just before insecticidal spraying, showed that Triatoma infestans predominated, adults of T. guasayana were collected in sleeping places, in 7 houses (17%). Most triatomines invading houses from then up to 1990 were flying T. guasayana (20/27) and females outnumbered males. Three non infected T. guasayana females were fed on man and two T. guasayana males positive for "T. cruzi like" trypanosomes were unfed. Therefore, visiting hungry adults could transmit T. cruzi to people and introduce wild parasites to the domestic cycle. T. guasayana stands as the main potential substitute of T. infestans in the studied area, and it might play there the same role as T. sordida in Brazil.

Raillietina (Raillietina) guaricana n. sp. (Cestoda-Davaineidae), parasite of wild rats from the environmental protection area of Guaricana, Paraná, Brazil

Raillietina (Raillietina) guaricanae n. sp. is described from the wild rats Oryzomys intermedius, O. nigripes and O. ratticeps, captured in the Environmental Protection Area of Guaricana, from November 1988 to December 1989. Raillietina (Railietina) guaricanae n. sp. is closely related to the Neotropical mammalian Raillietina, however it differs by the fewer number of rostellar hooks, and tests different number of eggs capsules and host species. The number of known species of Raillietina (Raillietina), parasites of mammals in the Neotropical Region, is increased to four.

Life cycle and influence of age and feeding on the first mating of Triatoma mazzottii (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

A cohort of 100 eggs of Triatoma mazzottii Usinger was studied to obtain information on its life cycle. Egg incubation took 24 days; mean duration of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar nymphs was 27, 36, 39, 46 and 64 days respectively; mean time from egg to adult was 236 days. The total duration of the nymphal stages was 212 days. The total nymph mortality in cohort was 16.3% and the embryonic egg mortality was 14.0%. The grater mortality occured in the 2nd instar. The average number of eggs/female/week was 9.8 during 15 weeks of observation. Of the total eggs laid (2,514), only 58.7% hatched. The total of insects that achieved the adult stage (72), 38 were females (52.8%), and 34 were males (47.2%). The influence of age and feeding on the first mating of T. mazzottii were also studied. It was found that the first mating depended on the male's age and it was on the average 30 days after the last imaginal molt. The female could be mating since 2nd days after the imaginal life. The nutritional status did not play an important role in the capacity of the insect for the first mating.

Systematics of Triatoma sordida, T. guasayana and T. patagonica (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)

Because of the relative epidemiological significance of Triatoma sordida, T. guasayana and T. patagonica, and the need to resolve doubts about their taxonomic validity, we report here a detailed taxonomic comparison of the three species using multivariate analysis of morphometric measures combined with comparisons of their genitalia and antennal structures. From the 17 metric variables studied, the length of the second segment of the rostrum and the anteocular length provided a discrimination function able to separate without error T. sordida from T. guasayana and T. patagonica. The multivariate discriminant functions classified T. guasayana and T. patagonica with an error of 2.44%. Comparison of the male genitalia of T. guasayana and T. sordida showed that there are minor differences in the articulatory apparatus, the median process of the pygophore, the phallosome support and the vesica, with bigger differences in the endosomal process and the phallosome. However, the already described male genitalia of T. patagonica is very similar to that of T. sordida. Analysis of antennal structure by scanning electron microscope showed that sensilla distribution around the pedicel is slightly different in the three species and sensilla density is highest in T. sordida and lowest in T. patagonica. The study showed that the three species form a closely related group. The results confirm the earlier classification of sordida and guasayana as separate species, but they raise some doubts about the taxonomic status of T. patagonica.

Description of Leishmania (Leishmania) forattinii sp. n., a new parasite infecting opossums and rodents in Brazil

A new parasite species of Leishmania is described, L. (Leishmania) forattinii sp. n., which was isolated from a pooled triturate of liver and spleen of a opossum (Didelphis marsupialis aurita) and from skin samples from a rodent (Proechmys iheringi denigratus), captured in primary forest on the Atlantic Cost of Brazil. Our results on the basis of biological and molecular criteria indicate that this taxonomically distinct parasite ias a new species of the L. mexicana complex, but closely related to L. (L.) aristidesi Laison & shaw, 1979, as revelated by phenetic and phylogenetic numerical analyses of the enzyme data. L. forattinii was clearly distinguishable from other Leishmania species of the genus usisng enzyme electrophoresis, monoclonal antibodies, molecular karyotypes, analysis of restriction enzyme digestion patterns of kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), as well as the use of kDNA hybridization procedures.

Crithidia ricardoi sp. n. a new species of trypanosomatidae isolated from Culex saltanensis Dyar, 1928 (Diptera: Culicidae)

A flagellte trypanosomatid was isolated in culture from the digestive tract of the mosquito Culex saltanensis Dyar, 1928. It grows exuberantly in liver infusion in the form of epimastigotes and choanomastigotes typical of the genus Crithidia. The trypanosomatid was compared to C. deanei, C. fasciculata, C. luciliae, C. oncopelti and C. guilhermei. The techniques used for comparison were electron transmission microscopy, isoenzymes and kDNA restriction profiles. No endosymbionts were found at electron microscopy. Results for the biochemical methods employd indicate that the trypanosomatid isolated from C. saltanensis is a new species of Crithidia. The name C. ricardoi sp. n. is proposed for thes new species.

Hechtiella lopesi sp. n. from São Paulo state, Brazil (Siphonaptera: Rhopalopsyllidae)

Descriptions are given of the male and female of Hechtiella lopesi sp. n., collected on Proechimys sp. and Tayra barbara from Boracéia Ecological Station, Salesópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil. The new species is discussed in relation to Hechtiella lakoi and Hechtiella nitidus, species previously included in the genus Polygenis. The name is a tribute to the late Brazilian entomologist, Prof. Hugo de Souza Lopes.

Rhodnius stali n. sp., afim de Rhodnius pictipers Stal, 1872 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)

Rhdnius stali n. sp. was described based on specimens deposited in the Herman Lent Collection of Entomological Collection of Oswaldo Cruz Institute, until now identified as Rhodnius pictipes Stal, 1872 and compared with specimens of R. pictipes proceeding from state of Amazonas and Pará, Brazil. R. stali is related to R. pictipes though distinguished by the total length, 15 to 17 mm male and 16,5 to 19 mm female, the anteocular region 2,5 times larger than postocular region and by the shape of phallic strictures known as: phallosoma, struts, gonopore process and endosoma process.

Triatoma matsunoi Fernandez-Loayza, 1989 com um estudo sobre a genitália externa masculina (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)

The authors complement the description of Triatoma matsunoi Fernandez-Loayza, 1989 and present the morphology of the male external genitalia, characterized by the presence of conjuntiva process (PrCj) denticulate, basal plate (Eplb) too long and median process pygophore (PrP) showing the apex streched and the surface rugose and scaled. The specimens examined (holotype [male symbol] and allotype [female symbol]) were deposited in the Collection Herman Lent of Triatomines of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Gundlachia dutrae: n. sp. from northwest Brazil (Mollusca: Basommatophora: Ancylidae)

A new species of Gundlachia, Gundlachia dutrae is described from northwest Brazil. It is distinguishable from other congenerie species by characteristics of the shell, radula and internal organs. Shell relatively high. Aperture near-circular; periostracum dark brown without periostracal hairs. Apex slightly inclined to the right, projected but not hooked, with an apical depression surrounted by a sculpture of well-marked irregular punctations. Shell surface with prominent radial sculpture. No septate specimens were observed. Ratios (n= 59): shell width/shell lenght = 0,66- 0,79 (mean 0,73); shell height/shell length = 0,32- 0,45 ( mean 0,37); shell height/shell width = 0,43- 0,63 (mean 0,51). Body of normal ancylid type; mantle pigmentation dark brown or black, concentrated along the mantle collar. The dorsal surface of the right anterior muscle is elongated and medially constricted. The left anterior and the posterior muscles are almost elliptical. Adhesive area is V-shaped. Pseudobranch unpigmented bearing a very small and thin dorsal lobe. Ovotestis with more than 25 unbranched diverticula. Ovispermiduct with seminal vesicle rather developed. Elongated nidamental gland continous with the glandular wall of the uterus. Nidamental gland appendix ending into a bulbous swelling Spermathecal body almost rounded. Well-developed prostate with five long diverticula. Ejaculatory complex with long glandular flagellum, without a penis or true ultra-penis. "Penis sheath" developed. "Ultra-penis" projected as a tube inside the lumem of prepuce, with a slit between "ultra-penis" and "penis sheath". Rachidian tooth tetracuspid, with two median cusps assymmetrical and aculeated. Lateral teeth tricuspid, with a reduced endocon and a prominent mesocon. A well marked gap occurs between meso and ectocon. Marginal teeth similar to lateral ones. Jaw T-shaped, with about 28 dorsal plates.