Passive haemagglutination test for human neurocysticercosis immunodiagnosis: I. Standardization and evaluation of the passive haemagglutination test for the detection of anti-Cysticercus cellulosae antibodies

A passive haemagglutination test (PHA) for human neurocysticercosis was standardized and evaluated for the detection of specific antibodies to Cysticercus cellulosae in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For the assay, formaldehyde-treated group O Rh-human red cells coated with the cysticerci crude total saline extract (TS) antigen were employed. A total of 115 CSF samples from patients with neurocysticercosis was analysed, of these 94 presented reactivity, corresponding to 81.7% sensitivity, in which confidence limit of 95% probability (CL95%) ranged from 74.5% to 88.9%. Eighty-nine CSF samples derived from individuals of control group presented as nonreactive in 94.4% (CL95% from 89.6% to 99.2%). The positive and negative predictive values were 1.4% and 99.9%, respectively, considering the mean rate of that this assay provide a rapid, highly reproducible, and moderately sensitive mean of detecting specific antibodies in CSF samples.

Passive haemagglutination test for human neurocysticercosis immunodiagnosis: II - Comparison of two standardized procedures for the passive haemagglutination reagent in the detection of anti-Cysticercus cellulosae antibodies in cerebrospinal fluids

A comparison of two different standardized reagent procedures for the passive haemagglutination test (PHA) in the detection of specific antibody to Cysticercus cellulosae in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was carried out. The formaldehyde-treated group O Rh-human red blood cells (HuRBC) and glutaraldehyde-treated sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were the supplies for the reagents preparation and, in the tests, they were designated as PHA-1 and PHA-2, respectively. For both reagents the cells were coated with the cysticerci total saline extract (TS) antigen. PHA-1 and PHA-2 were assessed in a total of 204 CSF from patients with neurocysticercosis, from non-related infections and from healthy individuals. The positivity and specificity indices obtained were respectively 81.7% and 94.4% for PHA-1 and for PHA-2, 88.7% and 96.6%. Since no significant differences were observed between the results provided by two reagents, at level of significance of 0.05, either processes of cell sensitization can alternatively be used according to the own laboratory convenience.

Growth curves of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis Promastigotes and surface antigen expression before and after adaptation to Schneider's drosophila medium as assessed by anti-Leishmania human sera

Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis(MHOM/BR/75/M2903) was grown in Schneider's Drosophila medium. In one set of experiments promastigotes were already adapted to the medium by means of serial passages whereas in the second cells were grown in a biphasic medium and transfered to the liquid. Growth was more abundant for culture medium adapted cells; degenerate cells in small numbers as well as dead ones were present from day 5 for promastigotes adapted to liquid medium and from day 3 for newly adapted cells. Synthesis of surface antigens differed according to length of cell culture as assessed by the titer of five mucocutaneous leishmaniasis sera on subsequent days. Five days of culture for cells already adapted to the culture medium and 3 days for newly adapted ones were judged to be the best for the preparation of immunofluorescence antigens.

Contributo para o estudo da valorização energética de biogás em estações de tratamento de águas residuais

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Sanitária

Nistagmos: da avaliação ao tratamento

O nistagmo consiste num movimento periódico e involuntário dos olhos de causa idiopática ou associado a defeitos do sistema visual aferente, como o albinismo, distrofias congénitas retinianas ou outras disfunções da retina (acromatopsia e cegueira noturna estacionária congénita), atrofia ótica congénita, hipoplasia do nervo ótico ou cataratas congénitas. Pode manifestar-se como entidade isolada ou associado a estrabismo. Existem diferentes mecanismos compensatórios que tendem a diminuir o movimento do nistagmo, melhorando a acuidade visual. A avaliação da função visual assume um papel determinante na gestão do processo de tratamento e reabilitação do utente. O tratamento pode ser ótico, farmacológico ou cirúrgico. A combinação de várias opções de tratamento pode ser útil para o alcance de melhores resultados. A incidência de erros refrativos em utentes com nistagmos congénitos é elevada (85%), sendo o tratamento ótico (óculos, lentes de contacto e ajudas óticas) fundamental na melhoria da acuidade visual. Recentemente, o tratamento farmacológico tem demonstrado ser útil na redução da intensidade do nistagmo, melhorando a função visual. A cirurgia é também uma opção possível para a redução da posição anómala da cabeça. Objetivos da sessão: 1. Descrever a etiologia e classificação dos nistagmos; 2. Identificar a metodologia de avaliação da função visual; 3. Identificar estratégias de tratamento e intervenção reabilitacional.

Efeito adverso do uso intermitente de rifampicina para tratamento de hanseníase

Os autores apresentam um caso de insuficiência renal aguda, hemólise aguda e trombocitopenia relacionada ao uso intermitente de Rifampicina para tratamento da Hanseníase. Estas reações adversas são observadas com extrema raridade na literatura mundial. A evolução da paciente foi benigna havendo recuperação total da função renal e regressão completa das alterações hematológicas. Este foi o primeiro registro no Brasil dos efeitos adversos da Rifampicina no tratamento de Hanseníase. São discutidos os principais aspectos patogênicos das alterações apresentadas e fez-se revisão da literatura existente sobre o assunto.

Reduced schedule of human anti rabies immunization with Fuenzalida & Palacios vaccine

The present study evaluates the humoral and cellular immune responses in 35 volunteers submited to short antirabies vaccination schedules with the Fuenzalida & Palacios vaccine based on the administration of doses on non consecutive days. The volunteers were divided into two groups. The first group received a total number of five doses given on days 0, 4, 7, 20 and 35. The other group received four doses, the first one being a double dose given on day 0 and than three other single doses on days 7, 20 and 35. The evaluation of humoral immune response was carried out by serum neutralization (SN) and indirect immunofluorescense (IIF) tests, while the cellular immune response was evaluated by lymphoblastic transformation assay (LTA) and skin test (ST). According to our results these reduced schedules elicited early and effective humoral and cellulafimmune responses to rabies antigen suggesting that new reduced schedules should be extensively studied in order to give the proper bases to the proposition of changes in the current long-term schedule.

Anti-vibration gloves and the forearm efforts during tools operations

The objective of this paper is to analyze the forearm muscular contraction levels associated to the use of anti-vibration gloves, by comparing the contraction levels with gloves and without gloves. Two different vibration tools were used in a simulated work environment: (1) A compact Duty Multi-Cutter Bosch and (2) and a Percussion Drill with a drill bit Ø20 mm. Standard operations were performed by each subject in the following materials: (1) Performing cross- sectional cuts in 80x40 mm pine section and (2) performing 20 mm diameter holes in a concrete slab 2 x 2 m, 70 mm thick. The forearm contraction level were measured by surface electromyography in four different muscles: Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS), Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU), Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL) e Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU). For the flexor muscles (FDS, FCU), an increase tendency in muscular contraction was observed when the operations are performed without gloves (2-5% MVE increase in the FDS and 3-9% MVE increase in the FCU). For the extensor muscles ECU a decrease tendency in muscular contraction was observed when the operations are performed without gloves (1-10% MVE decrease). Any tendency was found in the ECRL muscle. ECU was the muscle with the highest contraction level for 79% and 71% of the operators, during the operations respectively with the multi-cutter (P50= 27-30%MVE) and with the percussion drill (P50=46-55%MVE). As a final conclusion from this study, anti- vibration gloves may increase the forearm fatigue in the posterior region of the forearm (ECU muscle) during operations with the mentioned tools

O Tratamento da Violência na Informação de Serviço Público: o Caso da RTP

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Audiovisual e Multimédia.

Contribuição para o tratamento e gestão das lamas em excesso das estações de tratamento de águas residuais - caso de estudo de optimização para a 4 Etar do Conselho de Elvas

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nove de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil Engenharia Sanitária

Tratamento de água subterrânea contaminada por compostos orgânicos voláteis: considerações sobre o dimensionamento e simulação de colunas de arrastamento por ar

A água subterrânea representa cerca de 97% de água doce existente na terra. A sua global disponibilidade, aliada às suas qualidades naturais e à inexistência de fontes superficiais de abastecimento em largas áreas continentais, tem feito, ao longo dos tempos, com que a sua utilização, nomeadamente doméstica, tenha vindo a ser uma constante. No entanto, estes tipos de reservatórios subterrâneos - aquíferos - são de uma vulnerabilidade extrema no que se refere à contaminação por poluentes. Não só são facilmente contamináveis, como se tornam difícil e morosamente recuperáveis. As normas que definem a qualidade de determinada água impõem limitações específicas para os determinados usos (no nosso país vigora o Dec.Lei nº74/90 de 7 de Março).

Comparison of serum hepatitis B virus replication markers in patients with chronic hepatitis B: studies on HBeAg/Anti-HBe system, viral dna polymerase and HBV-DNA

The detection of HBV-DNA in serum by molecular hybridization is the most sensitive and specific marker of replication and infectivity of hepatitis B virus and currently is proposed as a routine diagnostic technique in the follow-up of HBV - related diseases. Comparing different techniques already described, we found that direct spotting of serum samples on nitrocellulose membranes under vacuum filtration, followed by denaturing and neutralizing washes is more practical, simple, sensible and reproducible. DNA polymerase assay using phosphonoformic acid as specific viral inhibitor has shown 86.8% of concordance with HBV-DNA detection, and so, it is an useful alternative in the follow-up of hepatitis B chronic patients. We found 19.2% HBeAg positive samples with no other markers of viral replication and no anti-HBe positive sample had detectable HBV-DNA. Discordance between the 2 systems have been extensively described, and we confirm this for the first time in our country. Molecular biological techniques are essential to determine the replication status of chronic hepatitis B patients.

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay: determination of anti-adenovirus antibodies in an infant population

In order to define an accurate assay for anti-adenovirus antibody detection, a recently developed ELISA was compared with IFA and CF. On 58 sera, the ELISA was more sensitive than both CF and IFA, which showed relative sensitivities of 63% and 94%, respectively. It was not possible to determine the exact specificity of the tests because of the lack of a gold standard. Furthermore, the ELISA was used to define the prevalence of adenovirus antibodies in 116 infants between 1 and 24 months old (mean 7.28). The data showed that maternal antibodies waned by the age of 5 to 6 months and that more than 80% of the children had been infected by adenoviruses by the age of 10 months.

A modelação nas tecnologias de tratamento de água – o caso particular do arrastamento por ar

Os recursos hídricos subterrâneos constituem a maior fonte disponível de água doce e são, cada vez mais, utilizados no abastecimento de água para consumo humano e em múltiplas actividades industriais e agrícolas. A poluição destes recursos, fruto de acidente ou negligência, é uma realidade que se verifica com uma frequência alarmante e que atinge níveis preocupantes no nosso país. Nestas Jornadas pretende-se apresentar, numa primeira fase, uma breve alusão à operação de arrastamento por ar em colunas com enchimento desordenado, e suas vantagens face a outros processos de despoluição e, numa segunda fase, a utilidade de desenvolvimento de modelos de simulação e optimização numérica desta operação unitária. Para tal, é exposta a formulação do modelo matemático fenomenológico concebido por Castro e Fiúza (Castro, 1997) desenvolvido sob uma fundamentação teórica com carácter sistémico, em termos de equações de balanço de massa para uma determinada secção de volume infinitesimal, traduzido num sistema de EDOs e num sistema de EDPs, para situações de estado estacionário e transiente respectivamente e são apresentados os resultados entretanto obtidos.