970 resultados para Transverse
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Em solos tropicais, a distribuição dos nutrientes no solo em função da fertirrigação realizada por meio de irrigação localizada (gotejamento e/ou microaspersão), na cultura de citros, é pouco conhecida. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os padrões de distribuição de potássio, cálcio, magnésio e fósforo em solo tropical, em função da fertirrigação, aplicada por dois sistemas de irrigação localizada (microaspersão e gotejamento), sendo que o sistema por gotejamento era composto por uma e duas linhas laterais por linha de plantas, e o de microaspersão por apenas uma linha, e com três dotações hídricas (100%, 75% e 50%) da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), em um pomar de laranjeira. As fontes de fertilizantes utilizadas na fertirrigação foram o nitrato de amônio (fonte de N), o cloreto de potássio (fonte de K+) e o ácido fosfórico (fonte de P). Observouse que, sob o emissor, nos tratamentos com gotejamento, houve depleção nos teores de Ca++ e Mg++ desde a superfície do solo até 60 cm de profundidade em relação aos teores anteriores às fertirrigações, enquanto os teores de P aumentaram, principalmente na camada de 0 cm a 20 cm. Na microaspersão, esses efeitos não foram observados, ocorrendo distribuição mais homogênea desses nutrientes tanto na direção transversal à linha de plantas quanto em profundidade. As lâminas de irrigação aplicadas por irrigação localizada não interferem na distribuição de K+ aplicado por fertirrigação e do Ca++ e Mg++ no solo em profundidade, porém menores lâminas de irrigação promovem maior concentração de P na camada mais superficial do solo, e lâminas maiores carregam o P para camadas mais profundas.
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The ultrasononographic examination of testicles is a noninvasive and rapid method that, allied to clinical examination, can lead to an early diagnostic of testicles disorders. The aim of the present study is to enhance andrologic evaluation and to make public altered ultrasonographic testicular parenchyma pattern in young Nelore bulls. Testes of 114 Nelore bulls from 9 to 15 months old were submitted to ultrasonographic evaluation (Frontal and transverse planes of testes). In this group, 111 animals presented testicular parenchyma with uniform pattern at low echogenicity, and the testicular echogenicity increased in proportion to the animal's age. Three animals, from 9 to 15 months old, presented heterogeneous testicular parenchyma with multiple hyperechoics
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This work has its genesis in the life of a teacher. It contemplates the report of a great story that expresses the political will of anonymous people who sought/seek to overcome challenges and prejudices, a joint effort to make real the right to literacy. The reported story was developed in the Pedagogic Clinic Teacher Heitor Carrilho, Natal-RN which, concerned about the sentence of 'unable to learn the written language' attributed to children and young public school students, decided to invest in overcoming prejudices and fight against school failure of these underprivileged. The problem that motivated the study was thus set up: What particularities characterize a pedagogical practice which aims to teach literacy to children and youth from public schools, considered not capable of learning the written language? What theoretical and methodological procedures are shown as a boost to literacy in the development of a pedagogical practice systematically targeted to reflect the perspective of educating those students in public schools? Aiming to answer these questions, we conducted a qualitative research having as methodology, Life Stories and Research/Formation. For the construction of the data, it was decided to use the participative observation, semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Guided by the principles of content analysis the data analysis was built, from which emerged two categories: theoretical and methodological procedures aligned to the major axes of literacy and Procedures of the specific theoretical and methodological fundamentals of literacy. As subsets of the transverse procedures others were seized: didactic-pedagogic procedures; social affective procedures. Regarding these ones, the research shows the importance of the teacher to build a relationship of listening to the students and their families in order to organize the pedagogical work, looking at multiple dimensions of the subject: the intellect, the creative, the affective, moral, noting that between the methodology and didactics or as part of it, the links built represent great opportunities to promote literacy. Regarding the specific procedures, others were built: procedures that emphasize oral communication, procedures that favor writing and procedures that privilege reading. Under these procedures, the results of research show that you can only promote literacy if the teacher provides the students effective conditions of understanding the principles of alphabetical notation from the use of various kinds of texts, leading them to comprehend and use them in different contexts. Therefore, instructors must meet the learners' prior knowledge, their language, and the learning real needs that will bring new challenges consistent with their possibilities. The research confirms the importance of the Educational Support extra school. However, it is essential to emphasize that it is a function of the school to promote literacy for all students in the early years of schooling. It is recorded, however, that for the implementation of this desire, we must break the school model characterized by a rigid tradition, in which there is only room for those who learn the content taught in a minimum time. Unfortunately, despite the discourse of inclusion and ensuring the right to education, the school remains exclusive and selective separating the school learning of interpersonal relations and social integration and performance. On the one hand, research showed the difficulties of conducting studies and/or strategies that address the particularities of children and young people believed not capable of learning. On the other hand, the political commitment and motivation have increased the perception that it is possible to mitigate the existing deficits in the educational context, beginning with the everyday teaching practice, in which new knowledge can be learned, methodologies can be improved and, despite everything, the educational success can be built
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Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar cinco cultivares de melão rendilhado em dois sistemas de cultivo quanto às características produtivas. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação na UNESP-FCAV, em Jaboticabal-SP, de novembro/05 a fevereiro/06. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. Os fatores avaliados foram cinco híbridos de melão rendilhado (Maxim, Bônus nº2, Shinju 200, Fantasy e Louis) e dois sistemas de cultivo (no solo e em substrato a base de fibra da casca de coco). Após a colheita, foram avaliados a produção por planta (kg planta-1); diâmetro transversal (DTF) e longitudinal (DLF) do fruto, em mm; índice de formato do fruto (IFF); diâmetro transversal (DTL) e longitudinal (DLL) do lóculo, em mm; índice de formato do lóculo (IFL); diâmetro de inserção do pedúnculo (DIP), em mm; e espessura do mesocarpo (EM), em mm. Não se verificou interação significativa entre os fatores avaliados. O cultivo em substrato proporcionou maior produtividade por planta em relação ao cultivo no solo (2,51 e 1,52 kg planta-1, respectivamente), tendo a cultivar Fantasy (2,44 kg planta-1) o melhor desempenho entre as cultivares, não diferindo de Louis e Maxim. Para as características DIP, DTL e EM, foram verificados melhores desempenhos em plantas cultivadas em substrato. Para as características DTF, DLF, IFF e DLL não foram encontradas diferenças entre os sistemas de cultivo. Assim, o cultivo em substrato se destacou em relação ao cultivo no solo, tendo a cultivar Fantasy apresentado melhor desempenho comparada a Shinju 200 e Bônus nº2.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Durante o processo de envelhecimento, as sementes sofrem alterações degenerativas que influenciam o seu potencial fisiológico. Entre estas alterações podem estar as modificações anatômicas nas camadas celulares da testa da semente. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, verificar a relação entre a anatomia da testa de sementes de soja, cultivar Monsoy 8400 e a germinação, após o envelhecimento acelerado, pelo fato da testa apresentar um papel fundamental na conservação do potencial fisiológico das sementes. As sementes foram envelhecidas a 42ºC e 100% UR do ar por períodos de zero, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. Avaliaram-se os teores de água e a germinação, posteriormente à secagem, seções transversais da testa de 10 sementes de cada tratamento foram eletromicrografadas, com microscópio eletrônico de varredura,,observando-se as camadas das células paliçádicas, ampulhetas e parenquimáticas A germinação declinou com o aumento dos períodos de envelhecimento. Houve redução da espessura das camadas da testa nos períodos de 48, 72 e 96 horas deste processo. Observou-se que, principalmente, para os períodos de envelhecimento de 72 e 96 horas, que as células da camada hipodérmica apresentaram um aspecto de colapso, sendo este acentuado para o período de 96 horas. A redução da espessura das camadas sugere a ocorrência de um colapso das células que compõem tais camadas, sendo um fator causador da redução do potencial germinativo.
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This paper aimed to evaluate the performance of hybrids of muskmelon on different substrates. Five substrates were evaluated: S(1) = coconut husk fiber, S(2) = sand; S(3) = 1/2 sand and 1/2 crushed of sugarcane, S(4) = 1/2 sand and 1/2 of peanut shell, and S(5) = 1/3 sand, 1/3 of crushed sugarcane and I of peanut shell and four hybrids of muskmelon (Bonus N(o). 2, Louis, Fantasy Jab and 2007 # 16). The plants were cultivated in plastic pots of 13 dm(3), which were filled with these substrates; they were arranged in plants spacing of 1,0 x 0,5 m between plants. The Fertirrigation was done by dripping, using a nutrient solution for the culture. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, in a 5 X 4 factorial design with four replications. The characteristics evaluated were: total production, average transverse and longitudinal diameter of fruit, fruit shape index; mesocarp thickness; average transverse and longitudinal diameter of the locule; index format locule; mass of fresh fruit; soluble solids, pH; titratable acidity; C vitamin; firmness of flesh; tracery of shell; and maturation index. The optimal substrate for muskmelon cultivation is a combination of 50% sand + 50% peanut shell. The hybrid Fantasy performed better compared to other hybrids.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar cultivares de melão rendilhado produzidas em plantas sob raleio dos frutos. Foram estudadas as cultivares Maxim, Louis, Fantasy, Shinju 200, e Bônus nº2, com as plantas conduzidas com dois e três frutos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x2, com quatro repetições e com as plantas dispostas no espaçamento de 1,0 m entre linhas e 0,5 m entre plantas. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se fertirrigação e vasos plásticos de 13 L, preenchidos com fibra da casca de coco Golden Mix® Misto 98. As mudas foram produzidas em bandejas de poliestireno expandido de 128 células e quando estavam com a primeira folha definitiva completamente desenvolvida foram transplantadas aos vasos. Foram avaliados o rendilhamento da casca, os diâmetros longitudinal e transversal do fruto, o índice de formato do fruto, os diâmetros longitudinal e transversal do lóculo, o índice de formato do lóculo, a espessura do mesocarpo, a massa média dos frutos e a produção por planta. Não houve interação entre os fatores estudados. Nas condições deste experimento, a condução de dois frutos por planta resultou em maior rendilhamento da casca, maior diâmetro transversal do fruto, maior diâmetro longitudinal do lóculo e maior massa média dos frutos. Porém, as maiores produções por planta foram observadas quando conduzidas com três frutos. Os híbridos Fantasy e Shinju 200 apresentaram as melhores características de frutos e maiores produções.
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An experiment was conducted on guava trees Psidium guajava L. (cv. Paluma) grown in the Experimental Citrus Culture Station of Bebedouro, SP, on dystrophic, acid Typical Hapludox in order to assess the effects of application of increasing lime doses to the soil on the quality of guava fruits on the basis of the physicochemical changes observed in the fruits after harvesting. The treatments consisted of increasing lime doses applied before planting, considering 0, 1.85, 3.79, 5.56 and 7.41 t ha(-1), applied in August 1999. Leaf calcium content was assessed at flowering time. After fruit harvesting, calcium content in the pulp, total weight, transverse diameter, length, pulp weight, % pulp, Brix degrees (degrees Brix), titratable acidity, and fruit ratio were determined. Loss of fruit fresh mass, firmness and color were determined daily during a period of 8 days of storage. Lime application to an acid Red Latosol before guava tree planting did not affect the physical characteristics of the fruits but provided a lower loss of fresh matter and greater fruit firmness when the fruits presented Ca levels close to 0.99 g kg(-1). It is important to conduct new studies of the effects of liming on guava fruit quality under different edaphic-climatic conditions and on different guava tree genotypes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a number of methodologies, i.e. PLANIMETER, GEOMETRIC, GRID, UNESP-GRID, UFSM, ZEISS and DELTA-T, in determining ribeye area (REA) of 65 Saanen goats of varying body condition. Goats were grouped according to body weight at slaughter (5.3, 11.2, 12.9, 16.4, 21.0, 22.1, 27.7, 28.6 and 35.2kg). Tracing based on transverse section between the 13th thoracic and I st lumbar vertebrae was used to determinate REA. There was no significant interaction between methodologies and body weight at slaughter. PLANIMETER, UNESP-GRID, GEOMETRIC and UFSM methods were similar in average values to the standard DELTA-T method. The REA was overestimated by the GRID and underestimated by the ZEISS method. The UNESP-GRID, GEOMETRIC and UFSM methods have coincident curves comparable to DELTA-T, when used to estimate goat REA. The UNESP-GRID and GEOMETRIC were the methods of choice based on accuracy, practicality and feasibility. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different particle sizes, expressed as Geometric Mean Diameter (GMD) of corn (0.336mm, 0.585mm, 0.856mm and 1.12mm) of mash and pelleted broiler chicken diets on the weight of the gizzard, duodenum and jejunum+ileum; on the pH of the gizzard and small intestine and on the characteristics of the duodenal mucous layer (number and height of villi and crypt depth) in 42-day-old broilers. The physical form and the particle size of the diet had no significant effect on gizzard and intestine pH (p > 0.05). A greater gizzard weight was seen in the birds receiving pelleted diet and particle size of 0.336mm (p < 0.008). However, for the particle sizes of 0.856 and 1.12 mm, a greater weight was found in birds that received mash diet (p < 0.039 and p < 0.006, respectively). Also, gizzard weight was greater with increasing corn GMD independent of the physical form of the diet. In the mash diet, the increase in particle size promoted a quadratic response in the weight of duodenum and jejunum + ileum. The pelleted diet promoted a greater number of villi per transverse duodenum cut (p < 0.007) and greater crypt depth (p < 0.05). As the particle size increased, there was a linear increase of villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum, irrespective of the physical form of the diet.
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Performance measurement in highly competitive markets is a necessary measure for those who aim the top positions. The business performance measurement approach have reached relevant results in the literature, however, a different approach has recently appeared that broadened the perception of competition, where companies do not seek the competition among companies only, but also among supply chains. Brazilian Wind energy supply chain is living a structuring and expanding moment, with the major global players in the industry making investments in the country. This research aims to answer which are the key performance indicators that must be considered by the Brazilian wind energy sector companies, which are part in a broad perspective of supply chain competition. The research was executed in two steps: exploratory (literature review and a field research in the companies) and later a survey was conducted with the Brazilian Wind energy companies workers with the purpose to validate the performance indicators found in the exploratory step. The survey evaluated 40 performance indicators distributed among five major activities: Project prospection, building/execution, operation and maintenance, logistics and transverse processes, which summarize the performance of the entire supply chain, pointing the sinergy and the competitive level of the supply chain. The selected performance indicators reflect the high relevance of the costs dimension in the Brazilian energy companies performance, acting as a key performance indicator, is also indicates the limited performance management integration throughout the Brazilian wind energy supply chain
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This work presents a theoretical and numerical analysis using the transverse resonance technique (TRT) and a proposed MTRT applied in the analysis of the dispersive characteristics of microstrip lines built on truncated isotropic and anisotropic dielectric substrates. The TRT uses the transmission lines model in the transversal section of the structure, allowing to analyze its dispersive behavior. The difference between TRT and MTRT consists basically of the resonance direction. While in the TRT the resonance is calculated in the same direction of the metallic strip normal axis, the MTRT considers the resonance in the metallic strip parallel plane. Although the application of the MTRT results in a more complex equivalent circuit, its use allows some added characterization, like longitudinal section electric mode (LSE) and longitudinal section magnetic mode (LSM), microstrips with truncated substrate, or structures with different dielectric regions. A computer program using TRT and MTRT proposed in this work is implemented for the characterization of microstrips on truncated isotropic and anisotropic substrates. In this analysis, propagating and evanescent modes are considered. Thus, it is possible to characterize both the dominant and higher order modes of the structure. Numerical results are presented for the effective permittivity, characteristic impedance and relative phase velocity for microstrip lines with different parameters and dimensions of the dielectric substrate. Agreement with the results obtained in the literature are shown, as well as experimental results. In some cases, the convergence analysis is also performed by considering the limiting conditions, like particular cases of isotropic materials or structures with dielectric of infinite size found in the literature. The numerical convergence of the formulation is also analyzed. Finally, conclusions and suggestions for the continuity of this work are presented
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Neste trabalho, são utilizadas a Técnica da Ressonância Transversa (TRT) e a Técnica da Ressonância Transversa Modificada (MTRT), para a determinação das freqüências dos modos ressonantes de antenas de microfita com patch quadrado, retangular e circular e com substratos isotrópicos e anisotrópicos. Para isso, é proposto um modelo da cavidade equivalente, onde a antena tipo patch retangular é representada como sendo a superposição de duas linhas infinitas em microfita, uma de largura W, representando a dimensão que expressa a largura do patch, e a outra com largura L, representando a dimensão que expressa o comprimento do patch. A avaliação da eficiência e aplicabilidade dos métodos citados é realizada comparando-se com resultados experimentais e obtidos através de outras técnicas. Três situações serão verificadas: estruturas com substrato infinito, estrutura com substrato tipo pedestal e estruturas com substrato truncado além dos limites da fita metálica. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as técnicas de análise de onda completa utilizadas neste trabalho, por um formalismo matemático mais rigoroso, são eficientes e precisas tanto na aplicação em estruturas com substrato isotrópico como nas que possuem substrato anisotrópico. Inicialmente são consideradas apenas as estruturas com substratos isotrópicos, com diferentes constantes dielétricas, e é avaliada a influência da largura do substrato sobre as freqüências dos modos ressonantes das antenas. Posteriormente, a análise do truncamento do dielétrico é realizada para estruturas com substrato anisotrópico. Em todos os casos, os resultados experimentais, obtidos a partir da construção de protótipos, são confrontados com os obtidos a partir de simulação, utilizando as técnicas TRT e MTRT. No final, as técnicas descritas são utilizadas para antenas tipo patch circular, sendo utilizada uma técnica de equivalência para transformar a antena circular em outra quadrada ou retangular equivalente, dependendo do modo que se queira encontrar. Os resultados obtidos são então analisados, observando-se uma boa concordância e indicando a viabilidade do método. Após isso, são apresentadas as conclusões e sugeridos alguns temas para a continuidade deste trabalho