Avaliação do conhecimento de médicos não-radiologistas sobre reações adversas aos contrastes iodados

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento dos médicos não-radiologistas sobre reações adversas ao meio de contraste iodado, sua prevenção e as condições clínicas que aumentam seu risco. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 203 médicos não-radiologistas (assistentes, residentes e estagiários) de várias especialidades, utilizando um questionário com dez questões de múltipla escolha abordando profilaxia, fatores de risco e condutas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de reações adversas aos meios de contraste iodados. Os resultados foram analisados com o programa Statistic Package for Social Sciences, Windows®, versão 12.0. RESULTADOS: Asma, alergia alimentar, ansiedade e doença isquêmica do coração foram considerados fatores de risco por 80,9%, 78,9%, 5,9% e 4,1% dos participantes, respectivamente. Para 23,4% dos médicos, não há contra-indicações absolutas ao uso do meio de contraste iodado. As condutas profiláticas em pacientes com reação prévia ao meio de contraste iodado e em diabéticos em uso de metformina foram corretamente indicadas por 84,5% e 53,7% dos participantes, respectivamente. As questões abordando nefropatia induzida por meio de contraste iodado, uso de anti-sépticos tópicos iodados em pacientes com história de reação adversa ao meio de contraste iodado e ansiedade foram acertadas por 86,1%, 45,5%, e 5,9% dos participantes, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Os médicos não-radiologistas demonstraram conhecimento razoável sobre reações adversas aos meios de contraste iodados. É necessária melhor integração e comunicação entre radiologistas e médicos das demais especialidades.

Avaliação do conhecimento de médicos não radiologistas sobre aspectos relacionados à radiação ionizante em exames de imagem

Objetivo:Avaliar o conhecimento dos médicos não radiologistas sobre a utilização da radiação ionizante em exames de imagem.Materiais e Métodos:Estudo transversal, utilizando questionário anônimo, aplicado a médicos de especialidades clínicas e cirúrgicas, dividido em duas partes: uma com questões sobre as características dos médicos, frequência de solicitação de exames e de participação em eventos de atualização profissional, e outra com questões de múltipla escolha, abordando conhecimentos gerais sobre radiação, princípios de otimização e radioproteção.Resultados:De 309 questionários distribuídos, 120 (38,8%) foram respondidos, 50% por médicos de especialidades cirúrgicas e 50% clínicas; 45% e 2,5% dos médicos responderam, respectivamente, que a ressonância magnética e a ultrassonografia utilizam radiação ionizante. No geral, a média das notas foi maior nas especialidades cirúrgicas, sem diferenças significativas, exceto na questão sobre exposição em grávidas (p = 0,047). Os médicos que se atualizam profissionalmente mostraram conhecimento sobre radiação ionizante estatisticamente superior aos demais, principalmente os que frequentam reuniões clínicas (p = 0,050) e participam de atividades de ensino (p = 0,047).Conclusão:O conhecimento dos médicos não radiologistas sobre radiação ionizante é heterogêneo e em alguns pontos precisa ser melhorado. Reuniões clínicas multidisciplinares e atividades de ensino são importantes formas de disseminar informações sobre o tema.

Conhecimento escolar em química: processo de mediação didática da ciência

xThe aim of this article is to present a contribution of the school knowledge research to Chemistry Teaching. The object of research is school knowledge on physical sciences, considering the existence of a rupture between scientific knowledge and everyday knowledge. The differences between analogies and metaphors and the process of didactic mediation were thoroughly examined. The conclusion is that the process of didactic mediation is built on their own cognitive configurations, which not always make public the private scientific knowledge to certain social groups.

Aplicação de metodologias FTIR de transmissão e fotoacústica à caracterização de materiais altamente energéticos: parte II

Materials obtained during the synthesis of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission spectroscopy and/or Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS). By these techniques the spectrometric alterations that occurred during the process were observed. The characterized species during the synthesis of HMX were alpha-HMX, beta-HMX, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and HMX/RDX mixtures. The FTIR-PAS was verified to be a promising technique of great usefulness of the characterization of highly energetic materials because it is fast, simple and requires no sample preparation unlike Fourier transform infrared transmission technique (KBr pellet). The FTIR-PAS analysis showed that with small sample quantity is possible to distinguish between thealpha-HMX and beta-HMX and to detect even in a qualitative way different HMX / RDX ratios.

Produtos naturais para o controle da transmissão da dengue: atividade larvicida de Myroxylon balsamum (óleo vermelho) e de terpenóides e fenilpropanóides

The bioassay-guided fractionation of the hexane extract obtained from the medicinal plant Myroxylon balsamum (red oil) was conducted in preparative thin layer chromatography on silica gel. The obtained fractions and some terpenoids and phenylpropanoids were assayed as larvicidal on third instar Aedes aegypti larvae, NPPN colony. The results indicate that the sesquiterpene nerolidol was the active constituent in the extract and that the sesquiterpenes were more active than the monoterpenes and phenylpropanoids utilized in this study. Lipophilicity seems to be an important property for the activity since the compounds with hydroxyl, carbonyl and methoxyl groups were less active. The results confirm also that essential oils can be a good tool for the control of dengue.

"Spin-Off" acadêmico: criando riquezas a partir de conhecimento e pesquisa

Technology companies created from University research are known as "Academic Spin-Off" (ASO). These innovative companies play an important role for the technological, economical and social development of a country. This work discusses some aspects of ASO companies and their importance to Universities. It is also presented a fictitious history of Prof. João, a chemical researcher who will create an ASO company from his academic research work illustrating the basic steps involved in this process.

Contribuição à organização da pesquisa em Química e os desafios da interação com outras áreas do conhecimento

This article provides some aspects that allow making a current reading of the situation of the Brazilian Chemistry that permit us considerate it as a strategic area. They are still presented some initial proposals related to the organization of the research as well as to win the challenges of the relationship with the other areas of the knowledge.

Geração do conhecimento através da especificação de produtos químicos

Technological innovation connects competitiveness and knowledge. In Brazil, knowledge is mainly concentrated in the universities which undertake R&D. This article aims to show the importance of Brazilian university extension activities, which transfer knowledge to society, contributing, in the case of the chemical sector, to a reduction in the country's total trade deficit of around US$8.5 billion, which is result of the importation of innumerable products. On the other hand, developed countries are resorting to technical barriers, which impose documentation and regulations based on testing products for conformity with standards. This demands a technical and scientific infrastructure, concentrated in the universities.

Construindo o conhecimento através de projetos de trabalho: uma experiência no curso de química da universidade estadual de Santa Cruz

In this work, we describe a pedagogical experiment using work projects in chemistry undergraduate programs in general chemistry and inorganic chemistry courses making learning more dynamic and consolidating the link between students and the external community. We highlight as fundamental outcomes the improvement in the learning process and, above all, the active participation of the students in investigation and problem-solving activities.

A produção do conhecimento sobre o ensino de química nas reuniões anuais da Sociedade Brasileira de Química: uma revisão

This paper discusses the Brazilian academic production on Chemical Education. The main source of information is the annual meeting of the Brazilian Chemical Society (RASBQ) covering the period 1999-2006. All the papers presented by the Division of Chemical Education of the RASBQ were reviewed to permit a discussion about the development of the area in Brazil. This bibliographical revision comprises the following aspects: year of presentation, Brazilian region and institution of production, scholastic level encompassed by the study, the kind of academic work (or research type) and thematic focus of the study.

Polissacarídeos da biodiversidade brasileira: uma oportunidade de transformar conhecimento em valor econômico

A brief comment about general characteristics of polysaccharide was presented. Brazilian trade of polysaccharides was obtained from the "Ministério de Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior" - Brazil. A list of these products was prepared and their price and amount analyzed in the period of 1998-2007. Some chemical properties and application of polysaccharides from our biodiversity was described. In this review they were classified by origin, in vegetal (exudate, seed, fruit, seaweed), animal and bacteria source. There is a trade deficit that can be reverted if part of the accumulated scientific knowledge was used to promote the national economic development in the field.

A gestão do conhecimento aplicada à reciclagem de componentes automotivos através do tratamento das informações contidas em documentos de patentes

This article evaluates the technologies adopted for recycling and reuse of automobile components, through the analysis of patents documents. The automobile batteries recycling is the main topic, followed by the automatic disassembly of vehicles, tires recycling and polyurethane recycling. None document approached recycling of steel and aluminum or ceramics products. The reduced number of technologies for the recycling of the polymeric compounds (including polyurethane) indicates that a bigger number of research and inventions must be elaborated in the next years, aiming at to the reduction of costs of processes and adequacy to the more restricted environmental legislation.

Avaliação do conhecimento sobre periodicidade química em uma turma de química geral do ensino a distância

This work describes the software Quiptabela, suggests a teaching activity, and analyses responses of general chemistry students from the Biological Sciences distance course at the Federal University of Tocantins. The software was described according to its educational potential, featuring the creation of dozens of charts or tables correlating physicochemical properties of the elements, being Brazilian, and free distribution. The teaching activities suggested analyzed students' ability to create and analyze tables and charts correlating the properties of chemical elements. Some 41% of students tested could define the term "periodic", but failed to use the concept to explain and differentiate changes in mass or atomic radius with the atomic number of elements.

Química Nova Interativa - QNInt - o portal do conhecimento da SBQ: conectando ciência e educação

The Química Nova Interativa (QNInt) portal was launched in 2009 by the Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ) to offer free quality content for broad audiences. QNInt provides peer-reviewed articles from SBQ journals on science & society, chemical concepts, classroom activities and educational research. With 3,000,000 visits, QNInt also offers a unique library of interactive molecules. In the International Year of Chemistry QNInt served for distributing pH kits and registering data from IUPAC's Global Water Experiment, yielding Brazil the largest share of the global pH data set. The portal performance makes QNInt a valuable resource for connecting science to education.

CONHECIMENTO PEDAGÓGICO E CONHECIMENTO QUÍMICO NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: A CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE DOCENTE

This paper presents results of a content analysis of the formative professional profile of undergraduates within the context of Brazil's expansion of its federal education system and implementing of teacher training policies. The analysis focuses on the conceptions of undergraduates regarding elements of their initial training and professional perspectives, as recorded in narratives, interviews, and questionnaires. Based on the relationships identified between the recorded content and the Educational Course Project, we identified three categories of analysis that point to tensions generated during the professional development of chemistry teachers: 1) The relationship between pedagogical knowledge and chemical knowledge; 2) the conceptual aspects of science education, as represented by the different ways that students understand the "ionization process"; and 3) teaching identity, including the elements indicative of the identity construction of future teachers. The results indicate that the educational and professional profile of undergraduates is marked by a particular tension between chemical content knowledge and pedagogical content, as well as a lack of objectivity and focus on the course's original intent. This situation has produced a multifaceted training context in which there is confusion regarding aspects relating to the licensing, teaching modalities, and preparation of the chemistry education professional.