Antikoloniaalisen vapautuksen yhteiskuntafilosofia: tapaus Frantz Fanon

English abstract: Anticolonial theory of liberation: case Frantz Fanon

Kansainvälisen politiikan opetus Suomessa1970- ja 1980-lukujen taitteessa : Morgenthaun realistisen opetusfilosofian näkökulma

English abstract: Teaching international relations in Finland : perspective of Morgenthau's realistic philosophy of education

Kansainvälinen politiikka "käytännöllisten ratkaisujen joukkona" : pragmatistinen tulkinta kansainvälisen politiikan tieteenalan itsekuvasta

English abstract: International relations (IR) as "collection of practical solutions" - pragmatist interpretation of the self-image of the discipline

Feministisen tutkimuksen ja valtavirran sukulaisuussuhteet kansanivälisen politiikan tieteenalalla

English abstract: Familiar relationships between feminist and mainstream IR

Kansainvälinen politiikka, historia ja kriittisen kysymisen taito : hermeneuttisia pohdintoja tieteenalan tieteellisyydestä

English abstract: International relations, history and the art of asking critical questions - hermeneutical reflections on the scientificity of the discipline

Efficacy and safety of once-daily aclidinium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: The long-term efficacy and safety of aclidinium bromide, a novel, long-acting muscarinic antagonist, were investigated in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: In two double-blind, 52-week studies, ACCLAIM/COPD I (n = 843) and II (n = 804), patients were randomised to inhaled aclidinium 200 μg or placebo once-daily. Patients were required to have a postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio of ≤70% and FEV1 <80% of the predicted value. The primary endpoint was trough FEV1 at 12 and 28 weeks. Secondary endpoints were health status measured by St George"s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and time to first moderate or severe COPD exacerbation. Results: At 12 and 28 weeks, aclidinium improved trough FEV1 versus placebo in ACCLAIM/COPD I (by 61 and 67 mL; both p < 0.001) and ACCLAIM/COPD II (by 63 and 59 mL; both p < 0.001). More patients had a SGRQ improvement ≥4 units at 52 weeks with aclidinium versus placebo in ACCLAIM/COPD I (48.1% versus 39.5%; p = 0.025) and ACCLAIM/COPD II (39.0% versus 32.8%; p = 0.074). The time to first exacerbation was significantly delayed by aclidinium in ACCLAIM/COPD II (hazard ratio [HR] 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55 to 0.92; p = 0.01), but not ACCLAIM/COPD I (HR 1.0; 95% CI 0.72 to 1.33; p = 0.9). Adverse events were minor in both studies. Conclusion: Aclidinium is effective and well tolerated in patients with moderate to severe COPD. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00363896 ACCLAIM/COPD I) and NCT00358436 (ACCLAIM/COPD II).