A compreens��o geogr��fica dos eventos em sa��de no territ��rio brasileiro e a an��lise cartogr��fica dos equipamentos de imagem-diagn��stico de alta complexidade

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

An��lise tomogr��fica, histol��gica, histom��trica e imunoistoqu��mica do beta tric��lcio fosfato com osso aut��geno em aumento do soalho de seio maxilar

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Avalia����o da instabilidade atlanto-axial em indiv��duos com s��ndrome de Down por meio de radiografias da coluna cervical

O objetivo nesta pesquisa consiste em fazer um trabalho de preven����o junto ��s institui����es APAE (Associa����o de Pais e Amigos de Excepcionais) e ASIN (Associa����o de s��ndrome de Down), ambas de S��o Jos�� dos Campos e ASPAD (Associa����o de Pais e Amigos de s��ndrome de Down) de Jacare��, orientando e avaliando sobre a presen��a ou n��o da instabilidade atlanto-axial (IAA), assim como verificar a preval��ncia dessa anormalidade nesses indiv��duos. Foram convidados a participar do projeto todos os indiv��duos das tr��s institui����es de assist��ncia �� SD, tendo formado uma amostra com 68 indiv��duos, com idades entre 2 a 34 anos, sendo 39 do sexo masculino e 29 do feminino. Foram realizadas radiografias da coluna cervical nas posi����es de extens��o, flex��o e neutra, para as quais todos os respons��veis assinaram termo de consentimento. A verifica����o da IAA foi feita pela an��lise da dist��ncia atlanto-odont��ide (DAO), utilizando o programa Radiocef, com uma ferramenta criada para isso. A DAO foi analisada nas tr��s incid��ncias, e era considerada a presen��a de IAA desde que o indiv��duo apresentasse valores ?4,5mm em pelo menos uma dessas posi����es. Ap��s a realiza����o dos testes estat��sticos e an��lise dos resultados, conclu��mos que a preval��ncia de IAA foi de 22,1% dos indiv��duos, com valores DAO entre 4,5 e 8,83mm, tendo sido mais prevalente nos indiv��duos do sexo masculino do que feminino, assim como nas crian��as do que nos jovens e adultos. Foi poss��vel verificar tamb��m que, a posi����o de flex��o apresentou maior preval��ncia de IAA, mas que ela n��o deve sobrepor ��s posi����es de extens��o e neutra, pois pode omitir casos ausentes em flex��o, mas presentes nas outras posi����es. Dessa forma, foi realizado o trabalho de preven����o com a avalia����o da IAA por meio da realiza����o dos exames radiogr��ficos em que os laudos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletr��nico abaixo)

Neurobiologia da doen��a de Alzheimer

A Doen��a de Alzheimer (DA) tem sido conceituada como uma doen��a de car��ter duplo, inicialmente por possuir um fenot��pico cl��nico centrado na presen��a de uma dem��ncia progressiva que inclui comprometimento da mem��ria como uma caracter��stica definitiva, al��m do envolvimento de outros dom��nios cognitivos ou habilidades. �� caracterizada tamb��m por altera����es neuropatol��gicas espec��ficas que incluem les��es intraneuronais (emaranhados neurofibrilares) e extracelulares (placas senis), que podem ser acompanhados por perda sin��ptica e dep��sitos vasculares amiloides (Dubois et al, 2010). A constata����o do processo neurodegenerativo se evidencia por meio da atrofia cerebral, especialmente, em hipocampo e c��rtex entorrinal constatada por neuroimagem (por exemplo, a resson��ncia magn��tica e tomografia computadorizada). Dentro desse conceito, esse estudo teve como objetivo fazer uma investiga����o geral com base na literatura especializada, com an��lise de artigos relevantes, referentes aos aspectos neurobiol��gicos associados �� Doen��a de Alzheimer. Foram abordados t��picos como: atrofia cerebral, processo neurodegenerativo, biomarcadores, neuroimagem (com foco na escala de Urs et al.,2009) e aspectos cl��nicos

Espondilomielopatia cervical caudal em c��es: diagn��stico por imagem

The Caudal Cervical Spondylomyelopathy, also known as ���Wobbler syndrome��� is a neurological disorder that affects mainly breeds of large and giant size, especially Doberman pinsher and Great danes. Its aetiology is multifactorial and leads to a narrowing of the spinal canal by morphological and positional caudal cervical vertebrae (C5, C6 and C7), causing compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots. The clinical signs presented by the affected animals are progressive ataxia of hindlimbs and, later, the forelimbs, sometimes progressing to tetraparesis. Neck pain may be present. The diagnosis is made through the association of clinical signs and diagnostic imaging such as radiography, myelography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. According to the classification of the lesion obtained by imaging examinations, the conservative or surgical treatment is established and the prognosis is variable in accordance with the degree of affection of the spinal cord

Tomografia por Biosusceptometria de Corrente Alternada (tBAC): desenvolvimento, caracteriza����o, implementa����o

The Biosusceptometry AC (BAC) is a research tool that has been extensively explored by the group Biomagnetism IBB-UNESP for monitoring of the gastrointestinal tract, its response to a known drug or in vivo performance of solid dosage forms. During this period the BAC, which has the characteristics of high sensitivity and low cost, has been developed primarily for recording signals contraction of activity and traffic human gastrointestinal tract. With the possibility of producing images with this instrumentation, it was possible to evaluate different situations in vitro and in vivo for physiological studies and pharmaceuticals. Considering the good performance of this system to produce planar images, the first aim of the BAC system tomography (TBAC) was to evaluate the system performance of BAC to produce tomographic images of phantoms ferromagnetic for a single channel system. All these applications were only possible because of their sensitivity to materials of high magnetic suscepitibility as ferrite, which allow to produce an electrical signal proportional to the variation of the magnetic flux generated by the presence of magnetic marker next to a first-order gradiometer. Measuring this variation at various points was possible to generate planar images that recently came to be produced in systems with multiple detectors, said multi-channels. From planar images, also producing tomographic images of simulators BAC bars in a system of 13 channels using only the center channel, with good results when applied to simple objects as one and two bars. When testing the resolution of the system with more elaborate forms the quality and resolution of images reconstructed is not satisfactory, which would be solved by increasing the spatial sampling rate and hence the acquisition time. The present system works with an acquisition time of about five hours. Whereas this system will be applied for in vivo experiments, the acquisition time became a ...

An��lise da densidade ��ssea de r��dio-ulna de c��es SRD utilizando o m��todo de imers��o

Imaging diagnosis is a medical specialty that uses imaging techniques to perform diagnosis. In diagnostic imaging various methods are used such as direct absorption of photons - SPA and DPA, radiographic photometry, the dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry - DEXA, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and optical densitometry in radiographic image. The dog can be considered one of the most widely used animals in the study of bone diseases and searching for a reliable diagnosis, although not an ideal model for the study of osteoporosis, because these animals tend not to develop a decrease in bone mineral density. The objective of this study was to analyze bone density in mongrel dogs from the determination of the variation of density along the radio-ulna bone and also the mean value related to gender, weight and age of individuals. The density analysis carried out showed that for this data set, there is a significant difference in the case of gender and age of the animal and may generalize according to these variables. The only significant difference was found in the weight, which increases bone mass is related to weight gain through the growth of the animal

Testes de Controle de Qualidade em Sistema de Processamento Computadorizado FUJI

Computed Radiography (CR) is a term used to describe the system that electronically records a radiographic image. CR systems use receivers or IP (imaging plate) to capture the analog signals and then allow the readers to do the image processing and converted into digital information. With the increasing expansion of the CR for medical diagnostics it is necessary that these systems receive the same type of monitoring related to Quality Control and Acceptance to the conventional processing systems. The current legislation fails to specify the parameters and procedures to be tested, allowing that somehow, some equipment is not fully able to use in clinical routine. In this project we used the standard AAPM Report Number 93, which is already fully established outside the country and displays all test parameters in CR. From there were chosen three types of tests that were performed in a satisfactory sampling of IP��s. With this procedure it was possible to establish which of those IP's should be out of use, which reveals the important purpose of the study, demonstrating the need for Quality Control Testing and Acceptance in Computerized Radiography as soon as possible are included in the legislation regulator in the country

Utiliza����o da ultrassonografia transcuneal como aux��lio no diagn��stico da s��ndrome do navicular em eq��inos

The equine locomotors system alterations are very frequent and corresponds a large portion of cases in equine medicine. The most equine veterinarian���s challenge is to do a precise diagnosis of lameness cause to perform a specific and proper treatment as early as possible. The navicular syndrome is considered responsible for one third of lameness causes and, although much studied, its etiology is still not fully understood. The most varied methods of diagnosis, such as x-ray, magnetic resonance, bursography, scintigraphy, computed tomography and ultrasound, have been used to assess podotrochlear apparatus situation in order to diagnose this syndrome. Among them transcuneal ultrasound can be used to observe some important structures such as the flexor surface of distal sesamoid bone, distal deep digital flexor tendon, distal sesamoid ligament entheses odd and the distal phalanx. The aim of this present paper is provide a brief review on the use and the technique of ultrasonography on third phalanx transcuneal region evaluation and its interpretation on navicular syndrome diagnosis in horses

Estudo te��rico da contribui����o do espalhamento nuclear n��o el��stico na trajet��ria de pr��tons de energias entre 50 e 250 MeV em materiais de interesse em radiologia: aplica����o em tomografia com pr��tons

The goal of this work is to study the process of interaction of protons with matter through Monte Carlo simulation. For this purpose, it was employed the SRIM program (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter ) and MCNPX (Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended) v2.50. This work is going to support the development of a tomography system with protons. It was studied the interaction of proton with the follow materials: Polimethyl Mehacralate (PMMA), MS20 Tissue Substitute and water. This work employed energies in range of 50 MeV and 250 MeV, that is the range of clinical interest. The energy loss of proton after cross a material layer, the decreasing of its intensity, the angular and lateral de ection of incident beam, including and excluding nuclear interactions. This work is related with Medical Physics and Material Physics, like interaction of radiation with matter, particle transport phenomena, and the experimental methods in Nuclear Physics like simulation and computational by Monte Carlo method

Programa����o linear no planejamento do tratamento de c��ncer por radiocirurgia

Medical Physics has been reaching an important role among several lines in Science, providing means for the improvement of several theories and procedures. Currently, its main application is related with the use of ionizing radiations, specially, in treatment procedures such as Radiotherapy. Radiosurgery is a Radiotherapy technique which consists in administering a single tumoricidal dose of radiation exclusively to the tumorous lesion. It becomes then an interesting alternative to surgical treatment, mainly in cerebral metastases, which are the most frequent cerebral tumors in the central nervous system. The radio neurosurgical team works out a planning for the Radiosurgery treatment, aiming for obtaining an appropriate ideal treatment for each case. For the working out of this treatment planning, Computed Tomography images of the region to be treated are obtained, digitalized and later, fused with nuclear magnetic resonance images. Through these images, critical structures, organs at risk and lesions are localized. After this, calculations are made to determine three-dimensional positions of isocenters, isodose curves, prescribed dose, collimators sizes, position, numbers and respective weight of isocentric conformal fields, and others. The treatment planning is commonly based in desired levels of dose for specific types of tumors and organs at risk concerning the irradiated region. Theses levels of dose are chosen in a way that a high probability of cure may be achieved and meanwhile, that the probability of complications, in whichever organ at risk, may be minimal. Thus, many researches have been carried out, showing that mathematical techniques may help to obtain an optimal planning for the treatment of cerebral metastases. Among the methods of optimization in the study...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

An��lise da viabilidade de simula����es com feixes de pr��tons de 100, 150, 200 e 250 MeV em alvos heterog��neos

In the recent years, the use of proton beams in radiotherapy has been an outstanding progress (SMITH, 2006). Up to now, computed tomography (CT) is a prerequisite for treatment planning in this kind of therapy because it provides the electron density distribution required for calculation of dose and the interval of doses. However, the use of CT images for proton treatment planning ignores fundamental differences in physical interaction processes between photons and protons and is, therefore, potentially inaccurate (SADROZINSKI, 2004). Proton CT (pCT) can in principle directly measure the density distribution needed in a patient for the dose distribution (SCHULTE, et al, 2004). One important problem that should be solved is the implementation of image reconstruction algorithms. In this sense, it is necessary to know how the presence of materials with different density and composition interfere in the energy deposition by ionization and coulomb excitation, during its trajectory. The study was conducted in two stages, was used in both the program SRIM (The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) to perform simulations of the interaction of proton beams with pencil beam type. In the first step we used the energies in the range of 100-250 MeV (ZIEGLER, 1999). The targets were set to 50 mm in length for the beam of 100 MeV, due to its interaction with the target, and short-range, and 70 mm for 150, 200 and 250 MeV The target was composed of liquid water and a layer of 6 mm cortical bone (ICRP). It were made 9 simulations varying the position of the heterogeneity of 5 mm. In the second step the energy of 250 MeV was taken out from the simulations, due to its greater energy and less interaction. The targets were diminished to 50 mm thick to standardize the simulations. The layer of bone was divided into two equal parts and both were put in the ends of the target... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

M��todos diagn��stico de Hiperadrenocorticismo canina

The Hyperadrenocorticism is a disease that occur in dogs between mead to old age, is associated with the higher level of glucocorticoid that result in a corporal reaction. To make a diagnostic of this disease is necessary have a good history and physical examination, the principals complains of the proprietary are polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia, in some times abdominal enlargement and lethargy. In the physical examination is observed this abdominal enlargement, hepatomegaly, alopecia, in some cases pyoderma and difficult respiratory. From this documents is possible determinate the differential diagnostics and with the tests find the diagnostic of the disease that the animal have. The base methods are hemogram, biochemical, urinalysis, radiographs and ultrasonography it���s possible do tomography and magnetic resonance too. There are confirmation methods too, they are very important, because the others not have documents necessary for the final diagnostic. Those are Urine cortisol to creatinine ratio, dexamethasone suppression test with high dose or low dose and ACTH stimulation test. Despite those tests have high sensibility and specificity, they can result in false positive or false negative, this is one of the causes to do the base methods and together make the veterinary doctor find the solution of the diagnostic and do the adequate treatment

Estima����o de densidades e aplica����o em segmenta����o de imagens

The aim of this work is to study some of the density estimation tec- niques and to apply to the segmentation of medical images. Medical images are used to help the diagnostic of tumor diseases as well as to plan and deliver treatment. A computer image is an array of values representing colors in some scale. The smallest element of the image to which it is possible to assign a value is called pixel. Segmen- tation is the process of dividing the image in portions through the classi��cation of each pixel. The simplest way of classi��cation is by thresholding, given the number of portions and the threshold values. Another method is constructing a histogram of the pixel values and assign a portion to each pike. The threshold is the mean between two pikes. As the histogram does not form a smooth curve it is di��cult to discern between true pikes and random variation. Density estimation methods allow the estimation of a smooth curve. Image data can be considered as mixture of different densities. In this project parametric and nonparametric methods for density estimation will be addressed and some of them are applied to CT image data

Fadiga axial do a��o inoxid��vel 15-5 PH tratado pela implanta����o i��nica por imers��o em plasma

When materials for application in aircraft structural components are studied, it must be considered that they will be submitted to cyclic loading, and this is an important parameter to design the study in fatigue life of the materials. Whereas, for example, a landing gear operation, the study of fatigue life and corrosion in the materials used in it is essential, especially when you want to use new techniques for surface treatments. The objective is to study the influence of surface treatment of immersion ion implantation nitrogen plasma, in axial fatigue of Stainless steel 15-5 PH in 39-42 HRC condition. Stainless steel 15-5 PH was tested in axial fatigue and corrosion in salt spray. It was also performed microindentation tests, optical microscopy for microstructural analysis and scanning electron microscopy for fractographic analysis. It was observed that the 3IP had no effect on the thickness of the material and not the hardness of it, and still provided a significant increase in fatigue life of the material