Digital soil mapping: evaluation of sampling systems for soil surveys and refinement of soil maps at lower cost using legacy data

In soil surveys, several sampling systems can be used to define the most representative sites for sample collection and description of soil profiles. In recent years, the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling system has gained prominence for soil surveys. In Brazil, most of the soil maps are at small scales and in paper format, which hinders their refinement. The objectives of this work include: (i) to compare two sampling systems by conditioned Latin hypercube to map soil classes and soil properties; (II) to retrieve information from a detailed scale soil map of a pilot watershed for its refinement, comparing two data mining tools, and validation of the new soil map; and (III) to create and validate a soil map of a much larger and similar area from the extrapolation of information extracted from the existing soil map. Two sampling systems were created by conditioned Latin hypercube and by the cost-constrained conditioned Latin hypercube. At each prospection place, soil classification and measurement of the A horizon thickness were performed. Maps were generated and validated for each sampling system, comparing the efficiency of these methods. The conditioned Latin hypercube captured greater variability of soils and properties than the cost-constrained conditioned Latin hypercube, despite the former provided greater difficulty in field work. The conditioned Latin hypercube can capture greater soil variability and the cost-constrained conditioned Latin hypercube presents great potential for use in soil surveys, especially in areas of difficult access. From an existing detailed scale soil map of a pilot watershed, topographical information for each soil class was extracted from a Digital Elevation Model and its derivatives, by two data mining tools. Maps were generated using each tool. The more accurate of these tools was used for extrapolation of soil information for a much larger and similar area and the generated map was validated. It was possible to retrieve the existing soil map information and apply it on a larger area containing similar soil forming factors, at much low financial cost. The KnowledgeMiner tool for data mining, and ArcSIE, used to create the soil map, presented better results and enabled the use of existing soil map to extract soil information and its application in similar larger areas at reduced costs, which is especially important in development countries with limited financial resources for such activities, such as Brazil.

Projeto de um parque eólico com a utilização de sistema de informação geográfica

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Mapa de vulnerabilidade à erosão da região do Alto Rio Pardo - Pardinho (SP)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Geoprocessamento na determinação da capacidade e avaliação do uso da terra do município de Botucatu - SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Análise da suscetibilidade a escorregamentos: uma abordagem probabilística

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Zoneamento geoarqueológico aplicado à gestão de recursos culturais

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Zoneamento geombiental aplicado ao planejamento da gestão ambiental e territorial do município de Colorado D'Oeste

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Mapas de variabilidade do potencial de produtividade obtidos por satélites como instrumentos auxiliares às decisões sobre o manejo de nematóides na cultura da soja

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Optimization of the sampling scheme for maps of physical and chemical properties estimated by kriging

The sampling scheme is essential in the investigation of the spatial variability of soil properties in Soil Science studies. The high costs of sampling schemes optimized with additional sampling points for each physical and chemical soil property, prevent their use in precision agriculture. The purpose of this study was to obtain an optimal sampling scheme for physical and chemical property sets and investigate its effect on the quality of soil sampling. Soil was sampled on a 42-ha area, with 206 geo-referenced points arranged in a regular grid spaced 50 m from each other, in a depth range of 0.00-0.20 m. In order to obtain an optimal sampling scheme for every physical and chemical property, a sample grid, a medium-scale variogram and the extended Spatial Simulated Annealing (SSA) method were used to minimize kriging variance. The optimization procedure was validated by constructing maps of relative improvement comparing the sample configuration before and after the process. A greater concentration of recommended points in specific areas (NW-SE direction) was observed, which also reflects a greater estimate variance at these locations. The addition of optimal samples, for specific regions, increased the accuracy up to 2 % for chemical and 1 % for physical properties. The use of a sample grid and medium-scale variogram, as previous information for the conception of additional sampling schemes, was very promising to determine the locations of these additional points for all physical and chemical soil properties, enhancing the accuracy of kriging estimates of the physical-chemical properties.

Frequência da cisticercose bovina no abate como índice de adoção das boas práticas agropecuárias

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Consolidation of the genetic and cytogenetic maps of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) using FISH with BAC clones

Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) have been widely used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping of chromosome landmarks in different organisms, including a few in teleosts. In this study, we used BAC-FISH to consolidate the previous genetic and cytogenetic maps of the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), a commercially important pleuronectiform. The maps consisted of 24 linkage groups (LGs) but only 22 chromosomes. All turbot LGs were assigned to specific chromosomes using BAC probes obtained from a turbot 5x genomic BAC library. It consisted of 46,080 clones with inserts of at least 100 kb and < 5 % empty vectors. These BAC probes contained gene-derived or anonymous markers, most of them linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to productive traits. BAC clones were mapped by FISH to unique marker-specific chromosomal positions, which showed a notable concordance with previous genetic mapping data. The two metacentric pairs were cytogenetically assigned to LG2 and LG16, and the nucleolar organizer region (NOR)-bearing pair was assigned to LG15. Double-color FISH assays enabled the consolidation of the turbot genetic map into 22 linkage groups by merging LG8 with LG18 and LG21 with LG24. In this work, a first-generation probe panel of BAC clones anchored to the turbot linkage and cytogenetical map was developed. It is a useful tool for chromosome traceability in turbot, but also relevant in the context of pleuronectiform karyotypes, which often show small hardly identifiable chromosomes. This panel will also be valuable for further integrative genomics of turbot within Pleuronectiformes and teleosts, especially for fine QTL mapping for aquaculture traits, comparative genomics, and whole-genome assembly.

Amazon forest biomass density maps: tackling the uncertainty in carbon emission estimates

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relaxation to Fixed Points in the Logistic and Cubic Maps: Analytical and Numerical Investigation

Convergence to a period one fixed point is investigated for both logistic and cubic maps. For the logistic map the relaxation to the fixed point is considered near a transcritical bifurcation while for the cubic map it is near a pitchfork bifurcation. We confirmed that the convergence to the fixed point in both logistic and cubic maps for a region close to the fixed point goes exponentially fast to the fixed point and with a relaxation time described by a power law of exponent -1. At the bifurcation point, the exponent is not universal and depends on the type of the bifurcation as well as on the nonlinearity of the map.

COINCIDENCES OF FIBREWISE MAPS BETWEEN SPHERE BUNDLES OVER THE CIRCLE

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Proposta para planejamento da arborização viária do bairro do Alvinópolis, município de Atibaia - SP

The urban arborization planning must consider technical criteria, to avoid future conflicts between trees and the urban space, and sociocultural criteria, to satisfy the local population necessities. Considering this principle, the present work proposes an arborization plan for a pilot area enclosing three of the principal streets from Alvinopolis District, county of Atibaia – SP. In order to tackle this objective, requests of tree removal were analyzed to get a panorama of how the subject takes place in the county. After that, promising sites for tree planting were selected in the enclosing area, and urban arborization of the three (3) main streets were retake, proposing necessary substitutions. Finally, 238 residents all over Alvinopolis County have been interviewed, with the objective of appraising their subject sense and focus on environmental education. Then three maps were made: the first one representing characteristics that influence in arborization, the second representing the present arborization and the nine (9) necessary substitutions, and the third representing the plan for the arborization of the pilot area. From the interviewed people, 79% shown themselves favorable to urban arborization, otherwise it does not discard the necessity to inform population about adequate species, county laws and adequate handling of trees.