Use of Ecosystem Flux Data and a Simulation Model to Examine Seasonal Drought Effects on a Subtropical Coniferous Forest

National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [30670384, 30590381]

Environmental controls over carbon exchange of three forest ecosystems in eastern China

National Natural Science Foundation of China [30590381, 30670384]; Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-432]; National Key Research and Development Program [2002CB412501]; 'Hundred Talents' Program of the Chinese Acade

Spatial and temporal flows of China's forest resources: Development of a framework for evaluating resource efficiency

Science & Technology Basic Work Program of China: Scientific Survey of the Middle-lower Reaches of Lantsang River and the Great Shangri-La Region [2008FY110300]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program): Ecosystem Services and Ecological Safety of the Major Terrestrial Ecosystems of China [2009CB421106]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30670374]; EU ; European Commission, DG Research [003874]

Lanthanum zirconate ceramic toughened by BaTiO3 secondary phase

La2Zr2O7 (LZ) is a promising thermal barrier coating material for the high-temperature applications, which could be significantly toughened by the BaTiO3 piezoelectric phase incorporated into the matrix. The composites of xBaTiO(3)/(l-x)LZ (x=5, 10, 15, 20 vol%, LZ-x-BaTiO3) were densified by means of high-pressure sintering (HPS) under a pressure of 4.5 GPa at 1450 degrees C for 10 min, by which a high relative density above 93% could be obtained.

One-pot synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s from commercially available dicarboxylic acids and multihydroxyl secondary Amines

A convenient and cost-effective strategy for synthesis of hyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s from commercially available dicarboxylic acids (A(2)) and multihydroxyl secondary amine (CB2) has been developed. By optimizing the conditions of model reactions, the AB(2)-type intermediates were formed dominantly during the initial reaction stage. Without any purification, the AB(2) intermediate was subjected to thermal polycondensation in the absence of any catalyst to prepare the aliphatic and semiaromatic hyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s bearing multi-hydroxyl end-groups.

Effect of secondary ligands' size on energy transfer and electroluminescent efficiencies for a series of europium(III) complexes, a density functional theory study

In this paper, a quantum chemistry method was used to investigate the effect of different sizes of substituted phenanthrolines on absorption, energy transfer, and the electroluminescent performance of a series of Eu(TTA)(3)L (L = [1,10] phenanthroline (Phen), Pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline (PyPhen), 2-methylprrazino[2,3-f][1,10] phenanthroline(MPP), dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine(DPPz), 11-methyldipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'c]phenazine(MDPz), 11.12-dimethyldipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine(DDPz), and benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (BDPz)) complexes. Absorption spectra calculations show that different sizes of secondary ligands have different effects on transition characters, intensities, and absorption peak positions.

Primary and secondary crystallization kinetic analysis of nylon 1212

The isothermal and non-isothermal melt-crystallization kinetics of nylon 1212 were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Primary and secondary crystallization behaviors were analysed based on different approaches. The results obtained suggested that primary crystallization under isothermal conditions involves three-dimensional spherulite growth initiated by athermal nucleation, while under non-isothermal conditions, the mechanism of primary crystallization is more complex. Secondary crystallization displays a lower-dimensional crystal growth, both in the isothermal and non-isothermal processes. The crystallite morphology of nylon 1212, isothermally crystallized at various temperatures, was observed by polarized optical microscopy. The activation energies of crystallization under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions were also calculated based on different approaches.

Assignment of absolute configuration of cyclic secondary amines by NMR techniques using Mosher's method: a general procedure exemplified with (-)-isoanabasine

A general procedure to determine the absolute configuration of cyclic secondary amines with Mosher's NMR method is demonstrated, with assignment of absolute configuration of isoanabasine as an example. Each Mosher amide can adopt two stable conformations (named rotamers) caused by hindered rotation around amide C-N bond. Via a three-step structural analysis of four rotamers, the absolute configuration of (-)-isoanabasine is deduced to be (R) on the basis of Newman projections, which makes it easy to understand and clarify the application of Mosher's method to cyclic secondary amines. Furthermore, it was observed that there was an unexpected ratio of rotamers of Mosher amide derived from (R)-isoanabasine and (R)-Mosher acid. This phenomenon implied that it is necessary to distinguish the predominant rotamer from the minor one prior to determining the absolute configuration while using this technique.