Outcome of the agrarian reform in Brazil during the last two decades

The agrarian reform allows for land redistribution and gives rural workers the opportunity to develop their life projects, rescuing the dignity of a historically excluded population. The conquest of the land carries significances that span from the rescue of citizenship to the improvement of living conditions due to the acquisition of goods, products and services. It is pointed out that in Brazil there still exists a marked concentration of large-landed estates. In this sense, this work had the objective of analyzing the Brazilian agrarian reform process during the last two decades. In this period the country had three Presidents, two of them elected with the support of the Rural Landless Workers Movement, increasing the expectations in relation to the fulfillment of the agrarian reform. The advances in the policies of rural settlements are notable; however, the structure of large-land estates remains unaltered. In the last two years (2011 and 2012) the number of settled families, as well as the number of settlements accomplished, were the worst since 2006. The priority of the current government is the eradication of extreme poverty and, in this sense, the agrarian reform becomes an essential policy to contribute to such goal, since with the distribution of the property of the land also diminishes the concentration of wealth.

Ecologia de cultivos: caracterização dos aspectos ecológicos dos diferentes cultivos no município de Cristais Paulistas-SP

Planning is an essential instrument for the agricultural occupation of the lands, because it supports the activities of food production and raw materials. It must be driven by techniques that provide the sustainability of these activities, so that also ensures the environmental balance of agroecosystems. Lands misuse can be considered as one of the causes of frustration of agricultural activities. Thus, the occurrence of discrepancies between the effective use (real use) of the land and its agricultural aptitude can compete, in many cases, to the decrease of productivity, as well as for soil degradation. In this way, this research intends to study the relationship between the temporary cultivations, halfperennial cultures, perennial and its developmental environment, determining the edaphoclimatic characteristics of landscapes. From then on, a letter shall be subject to the use and occupation of the soil for agriculture in the municipality of Cristais Paulista-SP, aiming to describe the spatial organization of land use and vegetation cover, and emphasizing management and conservative practices. For that, climatic factors were characterized, fundamentally humidity, temperature and luminosity; edaphics, including parental material, chemical and physical properties, fertility, soil temperature and climatic zoning; biotic, referring to the suitability of different cultures or to be implanted; physical, such as geomorphology, slope, geology, hypsometry and hydrology; socioeconomic, in particular production and marketing seasons; and the way they all, together, affect the adaptation, distribution and production of crops. Using this information, the zoning of the area of study was done based on the 21 nominated groups obtained, in addition to recommendations and suggestions for handling each type of cultivation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

A antropogeomorfologia na bacia do Córrego do Cavalheiro - Analândia/SP: uma avaliação da dinâmica do uso da terra e sua adequabilidade a legislação ambiental e a capacidade de uso

The assessment of land use dynamic can be an instrument for analysis in anthropogeomorphology, which would allow one to verify the human geomorphological actions and its various implications in changing the original morphology for the creation of a human morphology. This study aimed to consider the land use dynamics and its interference in the morphology of Cavalheiro Stream Basin. From this assessment, to understand the implications of land use in the creation of a human morphology, as well as to analyze if the current use is in accordance with the legal restrictions placed by ongoing environmental legislation and with the ability to land use. The chosen of this studied area was due to assumptions raised by Pinton (2007) for changes in the dynamic of rainwater erosion of this area caused by human actions, specially the cultivation of sugar cane in morphologies that are unfit for it. The search took as methodological support the principles that concern the General Systems Theory, trying to see the watershed as an open system. The geomorphological data, of land use and of legal restrictions to the use and occupation of land, were collected from different cartographic techniques. Besides, it was developed a sketch map of land use capacity by adapting the technique proposed by Lepsch (1983). This way, the data obtained in this survey are considered capable to provide subsidies for the identification of changes in original morphology of the Cavalheiro Stream Basin and the genesis of a human morphology, as well as conflicts and adjustments of current land use in environmental system and on the legal restrictions outlined in the ongoing environmental legislation, contributing to a proper environmental planning with the characteristics of the physical environmental system of this basin

Estudo das políticas de obtenção dos assentamentos de reforma agrária no Brasil entre 1985 e 2009

Understanding the territorial transformations is important to the geographic knowledge, especially when it is related to structural questions as agrarian one. In this way, the land acquisition to agrarian reform enables us to understand some of these transformations, represented by territorialization of landless workers in rural settlements, that are concrete results of the struggle for land that boost the policies of agrarian reform in our country. The renewal of the agrarian structure is fundamental to the concept of land reform and also provides that advances social, political, cultural, economic, etc. Classified as a country with rates of the highest land concentration in the world, Brazilian government attempts to base his actions to take in the expropriation of land the main character of the land reform. However, new policies have been gradually used to obtaining the rural settlements, in a process that Fernandes (2010) called the reconceptualization of land reform. Starting in 1985, Brazil has 63% of the beneficiaries of land reform policies settled on expropriated land, the rest is a result of incorporation policies such as land regularization, of land reform and land purchase. Such policies generate changes in agrarian structure, that is the goal of land reform, but don´t concentrate to the land ownership. This attitude of the state in coping with the agrarian question is his response to the pressures of capitalist agriculture represented by landowners and agribusiness, coping catching an intense and uneven territorial dispute with peasant agriculture, in an attempt to impose its model of development for the field. The aimed of this present study is to understand better the land reform acquisition and its implications in the Brazilian territory, in order to understand it in their multiplicity.

Da questão agrária brasileira: uma análise sobre o debate da década de 60 e 70

This monograph object of analysis is the agriculture modernization in Brazil between 1960 and 1980, highlighting the discussion of the economic and politic ideas around the Brazilian agrarian question. The first parte presents an introduction about this issue and the theoretical positions, as well as social and economic implications for the development of the productive forces on rural areas. Nevertheless, reflections of its development to the economy as a whole, highlighting the way the income distribution and concentration was realized. On the second part its presented the agriculture modernization Project on the centralized militar government point of view, by the propositions of that time Agriculture Minister, Antônio Delfim Netto. The approach is made through the proposals precreeded by the Rural Worker Statute and the Land Statute, before the Military Coup, with its news counterpoints settled in law by the Agriculture Modernization Project installed in 1964; the concessions of funding grants and subsidized credits; the relationship between the authoritarian State and the militarization of the land conflicts. The third part deals with the salary dinamics, income and profit on the modernized rural economy created by the agroindustrial productions system. Lastly the conclusion cross the economic and social results of the agrarian question evolution, to the Brazilian agriculture modernization on income distribution

Biogeography of the social wasp genus (Hymenoptera: Vespidade: Polistinae)

Aim The aim of this study was to understand the biogeography of Brachygastra. As the spatial component of evolution is of fundamental importance to understanding the processes shaping the evolution of taxa, the known geological history of the Neotropical region was used together with the current phylogeny and distribution of species to investigate questions concerning the biogeography of Brachygastra: the ancestral ranges of Brachygastra species; their areal relationships and their congruence with previously published hypotheses; the possible associated vicariance events and the influence of land bridges between North and South America, and the split between the Amazon and Atlantic forests. Location Neotropical region, from Mexico to central Argentina and southern USA. Methods Statistical dispersal–vicariance analysis (S-DIVA) was used to reconstruct the possible ancestral ranges of Brachygastra species based on their phylogeny (divided into three groups, lecheguana, scuttelaris and smithii). A Brooks parsimony analysis (BPA) and component analysis were performed to reconstruct the areal relationships of these species within the Neotropics. Results S-DIVA suggested a widespread, South American ancestral region for Brachygastra. The ancestral B. azteca probably reached the Nearctic before a posterior vicariance event separated it from the species groups ((lecheguana (scutellaris + smithii))), that stayed in the Atlantic forest. The ancestral (scutellaris + smithii groups) possibly reached the Amazon by dispersal, and the subsequent vicariance event splitting the Atlantic forest and Amazon separated the groups into scutellaris in the Atlantic forest and smithii in the Amazon. BPA and component analyses suggested that the Nearctic was a sister area to other regions, the Andes and Mesoamerica was a sister area to the Neotropical regions and the Amazon was closely related to the Atlantic forest. Main conclusions The phylogeny and distribution of Brachygastra suggest the influence of a land bridge between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres affecting the cladogenesis of B. azteca and the importance of the formation of the two blocks of forests in South America to the cladogenesis of the main groups of Brachygastra. Future comparisons between the distribution patterns of other taxa should enable a more precise identification of the possible events and outcomes, adding robustness to the hypothesized areal relationships.

Avaliação das áreas de conflito de uso em APP na microbacia Ribeirão do Veado, Piratininga (SP) por meio de geotecnologias

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Profissionalização e acesso ao trabalho para os jovens: elementos sociojurídicos

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Bioimperialismo e direito de propriedade intelectual: disputas pelo acesso ao cupuaçu e ao conhecimento tradicional

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

Direitos de propriedade e usos econômicos da terra:um estudo de caso de assentamentos de reforma agrária no sul do Pará

This article discusses the Brazilian land problem related to property rights of rural land. After emphasizing the importance of land policies in order to define and distribute rural land properties rights, we show how in Brazil the institutions of rural land registering and cadastering as separated processes debilitates the property rights, making them vulnerable to the effective occupying actions. In order to illustrate it, in this article we analyze Data based in a Case Study of conflict and property rights distributions in an important farming and mining region of southern Para state, in Brazil.

Educação e políticas públicas para o idoso

The ‘Estatuto do Idoso’ (senior citizen statute), Brazilian federal law promulgated in 2003, defines senior citizen as the person with 60 years old, or more. Revered as a landmark recognition of the senior´s rights, it guarantees, among others, the right of education. According to the statutory provisions, the education is personal right of the elderly person and must be assured with absolute priority by the State, the family, the society, as well by entities. However, in practice, just few senior citizens enjoy the right of education, since this policy has not been developed with focus in the old age, since educational practices are aimed, in most cases, to the younger age groups. Nevertheless, some initiatives seek to invest in the education for the elderly, like happens with the University of the Third Age (U3A). Although this kind of initiatives have been reason of celebration such projects should be enforced and consolidated as an object of better political investment to enlarge the access to the education right to the senior citizens in general. Due to the visibility achieved by the senior population, a possible way to the establishment of services in the area of education, would be the formation of partnerships between educational institutions that understand old age as a potential expansion of cultural goods and production of knowledge.

Tekoá Pyay: território de luta e resistência Guarani no Jaraguá (SP)

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Biogeography of the social wasp genus Brachygastra (Hymenoptera: Vespidade: Polistinae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estimation of croplands using indicator kriging and fuzzy classification

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estimation of a preference map of new consumers for spatial load forecasting simulation methods using a spatial analysis of points

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)